Photomicrography

A total of 6 lung fluke species have been documented in Thailand, of which P. heterotremus is the most important, since it affects humans. Although P. westermani is found as metacercariae in the same crab species as P. heterotremus in Thailand, human infections with P. westermani have not been confirmed. To accurately discriminate between the individual metacercariae of these two species, we established a multiplex PCR method. Using this method, two products each were amplified from the metacercarial DNA samples of P. heterotremus (ca. 310 and 520 bp) and P. westermani (ca. 140 and 520 bp). In contrast, 520-bp products alone were found to be generated from the DNA samples of P. siamensis, P. bangkokensis and P. harinasutai, 3 other species of lung flukes known to occur in Thailand. Digestion of these 520-bp products with the restriction enzyme ScrFI could unequivocally discriminate species by the number and size of the produced band(s): 3 bands (ca. 60, 210 and 250 bp) for P. harina...

As dentigerous cysts increase in size, the risk of postsurgical complications increases as well. Emphasis is usually placed on the risk of neurologic damage caused by trauma during and after surgical removal and of mandibular fracture resulting from the large residual bone defect. However, influence on the periodontal status of neighbouring teeth should also be taken into account. In this article, we present an interdisciplinary, safe, minimally invasive approach to treating large dentigerous cysts associated with deeply impacted third molars. A dentigerous cyst is an epithelial-lined pathologic cavity that develops in association with the crown of an unerupted tooth and appears radiographically as a well-circumscribed pericoronal radiolucency. The cyst not only inhibits the eruption of the associated tooth (usually, a mandibular third molar), but can also carry it to unusual positions in the jaw. Dentigerous cysts may enlarge causing extensive bone resorption and even pathologic fr...

Plasmonic resonances of metal-based nanoparticles are increasingly used for ultrasensitive imaging assays. In this context, the Cytoviva(TM) microscopy platform has greatly gained in popularity. In essence, Cytoviva is an optimized dark field microscope that permits detection of particles down to a few nanometers in size. A significant limitation of Cytoviva up to now has been that it only provided for single plane imaging. The datasets produced by this technique therefore only show a partial view of the sample - not ideally suited to analysis. Here we explain how to overcome this limitation by mounting the Cytoviva condenser on an automated microscope with Z-scanning capability. Our method allows three-dimensional mapping of nanoparticles in their full three-dimensional cellular context. We apply this technique to study the interaction of silver and cerium dioxide nanoparticles with cells of the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, a system of significant environmental rele...

Anhydrous cefdinir (AC) vs. monohydrated cefdinir (MHC) was compared in order to be used as antimicrobial in therapeutics. Different techniques have been used to characterize physically AC and MHC, and also a complete microstructural analysis of raw materials was carried out. Cefdinir and Maltodextrin QDM 500 (3:2) formulations were compressed in order to obtain tablets with typical dose of Cefdinir, i.e. 300 mg. Dissolution profiles were obtained for both AC and MHC tablets. Finally tablet X-ray diffraction was performed to ensure the stability of the monohydrated form after tabletting being clearly different in both AC and MHC crystals. AC crystal structure was agreed with the known pattern of anhydrous Cefdinir described in the literature. Microstructural analysis showed large differences in specific surface area (SSA), confirmed by mercury intrusion. Crystal structures of both AC and MHC were stable under mixing, compression and storing processes. Dissolution profiles were faste...

In this second report on the fluorescence overlay antigen mapping (FOAM) technique, we highlight some of the errors that may influence faithful color rendition of slide preparations using triple antigen immunofluorescence staining. Reliable interpretation of multicolor fluorescence images requires that the observer can unambiguously assign each color in these images to the presence of a specific combination of the labeled

In this third study on the fluorescence overlay antigen mapping (FOAM) technique, we have addressed the question of which differences of antigen distributions close to the resolving power of the light microscope can be distinguished. An answer to this question should provide clues to future applications of the technique aiming at the topographic differentiation of IgG deposits displayed at the

This study evaluated the effect of drilling speed on early bone healing in dog tibiae. Thirty-six implants (4.0-mm diameter × 10-mm length) were placed in the proximal tibiae of 6 beagles with drilling speeds of 100, 500, and 1000 rpm, and insertion torque was recorded. Bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated. Significant increase from 1 to 3 weeks was observed for all groups for BIC, whereas no significant differences between 1 and 3 weeks were detected for the 100- and 500-rpm groups for BAFO (P > .34 and P > .46, respectively). A significant difference from 1 to 3 weeks was observed for the 1000-rpm group (P < .03). The 100- and 500-rpm groups presented significantly higher BAFO than the 1000-rpm group at 1 week (P = .002). Drilling speed is one of the decisive factors for early osseointegration, and overall, drilling at 1000 rpm seemed to yield the strongest biologic responses.

Background: Meiotic pairing is essential for the proper orientation of chromosomes at the metaphase plate and their subsequent disjunction during anaphase I. In male Drosophila melanogaster, meiosis occurs in the absence of recombination or a recognizable synaptonemal complex (SC). Due to limitations in available cytological techniques, the early stages of homologous chromosome pairing in male Drosophila have not been observed, and the mechanisms involved are poorly understood.Results: Chromosome tagging with GFP-Lac repressor protein allowed us to track, for the first time, the behavior of meiotic chromosomes at high resolution, live, at all stages of male Drosophila meiosis. Homologous chromosomes pair throughout the euchromatic regions in spermatogonia and during the early phases of spermatocyte development. Extensive separation of homologs and sister chromatids along the chromosome arms occurs in mid-G2, several hours before the first meiotic division, and before the G2/M transition. Centromeres, on the other hand, show complex association patterns, with specific homolog pairing taking place in mid-G2. These changes in chromosome pairing parallel changes in large-scale chromosome organization.Conclusions: Our results suggest that widespread interactions along the euchromatin are required for the initiation, but not the maintenance, of meiotic pairing of autosomes in male Drosophila. We propose that heterochromatic associations, or chromatid entanglement, may be responsible for the maintenance of homolog association during late G2. Our data also suggest that the formation of chromosome territories in the spermatocyte nucleus may play an active role in ensuring the specificity of meiotic pairing in late prophase by disrupting interactions between nonhomologous chromosomes.