Plantas aromaticas y medicinales

Context: In some extreme environments such as dune cordon in the region of Djelfa, the ability of species to adapt to extreme conditions, especially climatic stresses, appears to be highly developed. Notwithstanding this importance from an ecophysiological point of view, the plant genetic resources of the Algerian steppe are very little known and especially poorly valued. Aims: To inventorying the spontaneous species in an extreme "dune cordon" environment of the Algerian steppe and to collect information on the ancestral know-how of the local populations in terms of therapeutic use of these species. Methods: Foremost, a herbarium has been made which includes all species inventoried in dune cordon, then an ethnobotanical survey materialized by a direct questionnaire was conducted with different actors involved in the field of medicinal plants. It concerns the traditional use of these species. Results: Seventeen plants (20%) of the listed plant species have been recognized and identified as medicinal species. These plants belong to 13 families of which the Lamiaceae family is the most represented, followed by Asteraceae and Poaceae. Several diseases are treated by these species by local populations, some have a definite therapeutic use while others are used in the treatment of several diseases. The most incriminated pathologies concern rheumatism, diabetes, dental pain, fever and renal function. Leaves are most used with decoction as the most used mode. Conclusions: Results of the study showed that dune cordon contains a wide variety of spontaneous plants, which have a beneficial interest. It also indicated the link between natural resources and humans and the therapeutic use of these species for profit by local population. The rich ethno-pharmacological knowledge of this population must be preserved and valued. A phytochemical screening and biological investigation are needed to test this ancestral know-how.

This creative nonfiction essay describes a personal oddessy of training in the therapeutic use of essential oils, going in one year from knowing absolutely zero on this topic to 'expert' level. Personal anecdotes are interspersed with technical information, and a case is made for 'aromatic medicine' being the 'medicine of the future'. Includes a discussion of the differences between the 'aromatherapy' of the English-speaking world and the 'aromatic medicine' of France, as practiced by medical doctors as a specialty of medicine.

Sin duda, la conquista de América por parte de España durante el siglo XVI fue un período violento y de gran cambio político y social para las civilizaciones de este continente, que culminó en la imposición de una forma de gobierno totalmente nueva, así como una jerarquía racial que desplazó a los indígenas al peldaño más bajo junto con los esclavos africanos traídos por los conquistadores. Como es bien sabido, las autoridades católicas enviadas a América se dieron a la tarea principalmente de estudiar el lenguaje y las creencias de cada civilización con el fin de convertir al catolicismo a todos los indígenas; como era de esperarse, existió resistencia por parte de los nativos americanos, por lo que los encomendados católicos comenzaron a destruir documentos y monolitos que hicieran alusión a las deidades adoradas. Esto trajo consigo la pérdida significativa de los conocimientos que las civilizaciones prehispánicas ya tenían respecto a las ciencias. No obstante, a pesar de los esfuerzos de las autoridades eclesiásticas españolas, el conocimiento de los indígenas fue heredado de generación en generación, incluyendo la experiencia en medicina tradicional. A pesar de lo anterior, existieron documentos elaborados en el período poscontacto, cuyos contenidos abarcan conocimientos ancestrales de las civilizaciones antiguas de América. Entre ellos destaca el Libellus de medicinalibus indorum herbis, mejor conocido como el Códice Martín de la Cruz.

En el valle de Tumbaco debido a su ubicación geográfica y a la diversidad de climas mantiene una variedad de plantas aromáticas, que ha facilitado al consumo de sus habitantes, y gracias a sus propiedades algunas de ellas han ayudado para curaciones.
Este presente proyecto de titulación tiene como objetivo principal dar a conocer postres helados alternativos con plantas aromática Cedrón ( Aloaysiatriphylla L), la Lima (Citrus aurantifolia L), la Ortiga ( Urtica L) . Con técnicas y métodos culinarios, normas de calidad e higiene, aprovechara el valor nutricional de cada uno de sus ingredientes.

Traditionally, plants have been used as a source of medicine in India by indigenous people inhabiting various terrains for the control of different ailments afflicting human. An ethno botanical survey was undertaken in Nawarangpur District, Odisha, India. The plants and their traditional use are part of the natural and cultural heritage of the region. The study was carried out regarding the medicinal plants used by the local peoples during 2000 to 2004. Finally, the data were assessed to which extent plants are vulnerable due to collection and habitat destruction. An ethno botanical survey was undertaken in the Nawarangpur District, Odisha, India. Data were collected through field assessments from traditional healers and locals by means of personal interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Voucher specimens were collected following standard methods, identified with the help of pertinent floras and taxonomic experts and deposited in the Herbarium, RRL-B, India for future references. A total of 69 plant species belonging to 43 families are reported during the study. The major life forms were herbs, trees, shrubs, climbers, small tree and creeper. Several medicinal plants recognized for the treatment of various diseases were collected. The root parts were widely used, followed by leaf, bark, seed and stem. This study reveals that medicinal plants still play a vital role in the primary healthcare of this local community. Traditional medicines also have the potential to form the basis of pharmaceutical drugs for the treatment of a range of diseases. Further, the information requires validation for further clinical usage.

Con el convencimiento de que la memoria es una herramienta para la pervivencia y para la construcción de paz desde las concepciones de los territorios, el convenio «Construyendo paz con equidad desde Nariño» ha compartido experiencias y palabras en torno a las plantas aromáticas y medicinales con los hombres y mujeres quillacingas del corregimiento de Gualmatán. El resultado es esta cartilla donde se registran los saberes ancestrales sobre estas plantas, como parte del ejercicio de compilación y memoria, que muestra los usos principales que se les dan tradicionalmente.

Rate of germination of seed of Withania somnifera, is usually different in different species varieties or members of Withania somnifera L. Dunal (Ashwagandha) (Sharma, et.al., 2015). The mycoflora percentage of seed is also about different in different species of Ashwagandha. (Ingle & Kareppa, 2009). Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) is generally reproduced by seeds. The percentage of germination is low, because of the presence of some inhibitory substances in the fruit. Among all the local and Indian cultivars, the pharmaceutical industries mostly give preference to the Indian cultivars as their roots have starchy nature. The local cultivars are preferred as threatened plant. In the recent studies, W. somnifera was mass propagated in vitro in a successful manner, habituated and compared with seed raised plants (De Silva, & Senarath, 2009).
Key words- Germination, Ashwagandha, mycoflora, solanaceae, inhibitors, in vitro propagation, local cultivars etc.

In this study, the primary phytochemical and biological screeningof the aerial parts of Trichodesma ehernbergii Schweinf. ex Boiss. (Family; Boraginaceae)has been done. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and sugars in different extracts of the aerial partsof T. ehernbergii .The concentration of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins and saponinswere foundin the range 138±0.8mg/g (as gallic acid equivalent), 123±0.6mg/g (as rutin equivalent), 1.3±0.6mg/g, 2.7±0.2mg/g and 6.7±0.2mg/g, respectively.Combined and free amino acidsanalysis showed the presence of 17 amino acids asfree and protein amino acids. Glutamic acid (29.919ppm) and lysine (72.640ppm) represented as the major components of free and protein amino acids, respectively.The antimicrobial activity ofmethanolextractof the aerial parts of T. ehernbergiiagainst 6 bacterial strainsand 5 fungal strainsby a pour plate technique method was determined.
Keywords: Trichodesma ehernbergii, Gebel Elba, Phytochemical screening, Primary and Secondary metabolites, Eco-physiological analysis, Amino acids, Antimicrobial Activity.

En la monografía se desarrolla una propuesta de ordenamiento y actividades productivas agropecuarias de una chacra de 2 hectáreas en el noroeste de la Patagonia  con un enfoque agroecológico y dentro del cual  el cultivo de plantas aromáticas y medicinales es un subsistema dentro del sistema. Luego de hacer una descripción ambiental del sitio, se plantea el ordenamiento con la definición de los lotes y las actividades para cada uno de ellos, una breve descripción de cada actividad, una seria de diagramas y tablas de manera que se puedan visualizar la diversidad de actividades, la conexión entre ellas, los diferentes productos finales e intermedios y finalmente se desarrolla en profundidad el cultivo de caléndula, mostaza y orégano.

com/blog/assa-peixe-flor-planta-medicinal Assa Peixe (Vernonia) Planta daninha mais frequente e temida nas pastagens, é também apícola por excelência. É uma das 71 plantas medicinais recomendadas pelo Ministério da Saúde para serem utilizadas e receitadas pelo SUS. antiasmática e antigripal. O Assa Peixe Vernonia Também é indicada para bronquite, litíase, tosses rebeldes, gripes fortes, pneumonia, contusões, afecções do útero, cálculos renais e o uso externo é indicado para combater afecções cutâneas. O decocto da raiz é utilizado, em banhos, para hemorroidas, pontadas nas costas e no peito, contusões e infecções do útero. As folhas, fritadas à milanesa, são comestíveis. A casca da raiz, quando extraída na escuridão, é fosforescente. Origem Assa Peixe (Vernonia) Assa Peixe (Vernonia spp) tem sua origem no Brasil, sendo encontrada comumente no cerrado, onde sua árvore pode alcançar até 3m de altura, e suas folhas são de cor verde-escura na parte de cima e verde-claro na parte inferior. 2/3 Essa planta, cientificamente conhecida como Vernonia polysphaera, é frequentemente encontrada em terrenos baldios e pastagens, sendo muitas vezes considerada ervadaninha, e multiplica-se rapidamente em solos pouco férteis. Princípio Ativo do Assa Peixe Flor Entre seus princípios ativos estão alcaloides, glicosídeos, flavonoides, óleo essencial e sais minerais. Seus benefícios envolvem ação antiasmática, antigripal, anti-hemorroidária, antilítica, balsâmica, béquica, diurética, expectorante, hemostática e tônico pulmonar. Benefícios do Assa-Peixe Rica em sais minerais, a erva é indicada para tratamento de afecções da pele e do útero, asma, bronquite, cálculos renais, contusões, diabetes, dores musculares, gripe pulmonar, hemorroidas, litíase, pneumonia, pontadas nas costas e no peito, resfriados, reumatismo, problemas nos rins, tosse, traqueobronquites e outras afecções do trato respiratório.

Aroma and aroma-active compounds of Iranian saffron (Crocus sativus L.) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry. The saffron aromatic extracts were obtained by four different extraction techniques including solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE), liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and
compared to achieve a representative aromatic extract from saffron. According to sensory analysis, the aromatic extract obtained by SAFE was the most representative of saffron odour. A total of 28 aroma compounds were identified in saffron. Ketones were quantitatively the most dominant volatiles in saffron, followed by aldehydes and acids. Aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) was used for the determination of aroma-active compounds of saffron. A total of nine aroma-active compounds were detected in the
aromatic extract. On the basis of the flavour dilution (FD) factor, the most powerful aroma active compounds were safranal (FD = 512), 4-ketoisophorone (FD = 256) and dihydrooxophorone (FD = 128).

RESUMEN El artículo presenta los resultados de investigación sobre el trabajo femenino de siembra en espacios domésticos y el papel de las plantas en el proceso de reterritorialización de una comunidad afrocolombiana, desplazada y reubi-cada a causa de la masacre de Bojayá en el 2002. A través de observación participante, entrevistas y relatos de vida, examino la experiencia de seis mujeres que reconstruyen una miscelánea de plantas en el nuevo asentamiento. Sus conocimientos y prácticas demuestran cómo las mujeres activan sus capacidades y revitalizan el cultivo de plantas de uso común para reconfigurar y resignificar la vida en este nuevo territorio dispuesto institucionalmente.

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of an investigation on the feminine work of sowing in domestic spaces and the role of plants in the reterritorialization process of an Afro-Colombian community, displaced and relocated due to the Bojayá massacre in 2002. Through participant observation, interviews and life stories, I examine the experience of six women who reconstruct a miscellany of plants in the new settlement. Their knowledge and practices demonstrate how women activate their capacities and revitalize the cultivation of commonly used plants to reconfigure and resignify life in this new territory institutionally arranged.

Editorial.
Homenaje musical en la Casa de Cultura: Anita Larraz y Rafaela Royo. Jesús Cardona, Guadalupe Longás, Mª Teresa Carbonel, Mª Pilar Celemín.
X Jornadas sobre Historia de Tauste.
Amigos del Humedal y la Balsa el Alcaraván. Mª Pilar Montolar.
Presentación de la guía de aves de las Cinco Villas.
Plantas medicinales en nuestro entorno: la Salvia. José Antonio Cardona.
Visita guiada a la Zaragoza de los Sitios.
Resumen de actividades del año 2008 Asociación Cultural “El Patiaz”
Noticias de la biblioteca: Localización topográfica de documentación sobre Tauste conservada en archivos del Ministerio de Cultura. Jesús Alegre.
IX Beca de Investigación Januario Uberte.

Context: Cancer is a complex disease involving numerous changes in cell physiology and abnormal cell growth, which lead to malignant tumors. Many investigations are still carrying on in different areas including, natural products, to find a possible break point to this pathology.

Aims: To evaluate the cytotoxic activity on different polar extracts from Vismia baccifera and Vismia macrophylla collected in two locations of the Venezuelan Andes.

Methods: Cytotoxic activity assay was carried out following the colorimetric (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) MTT assay. Human tumor cell Lines from breast carcinoma without gene over-expression (MCF-7), breast carcinoma with overexpressed gene (SKBr3), prostate carcinoma (PC3) and cervix epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) were tested with different polarity solvent extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol, water) from the two species under investigation. Human dermis fibroblasts were used as control cells. Mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated.

Results: Extracts from V. macrophylla showed significant inhibition of cervix epithelial carcinoma with values ranging from 6.09 µg/mL to 17.51 µg/mL; breast carcinoma with an overexpressed gene with values from 12.14 µg/mL to 16.90 µg/mL and prostate carcinoma from 10.91 µg/mL to 17.70 µg/mL. V. baccifera extracts showed the strongest activity against prostate carcinoma with an IC50 value of 2.92 µg/mL.

Conclusions: The present study showed evidence for the anticancer activity of Vismia baccifera and Vismia macrophylla extracts since caused growth inhibition in different cell lines at low concentrations, thus, it is considered not only an important contribution to the natural products research but bring supportive data for further investigations on cancer research.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate in vitro antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic activities of crude extracts of 20 traditionally used medicinal plants of Tanzania. A total of 40 extracts (dichloromethane and methanol) were screened for antiproliferative activity of bloodstream form of T. b. brucei and human leukaemia HL-60 cell. Inhibition of cell proliferation was assessed using resazurin as vital stain. Of the 40 extracts tested, the dichloromethane extract from bark of Warburgia salutaris (Canellaceae) exhibited the ...

This study aims to determine the botanical composition of different pastures in a semiarid region of Algeria and investigate the aromatic profile of the characteristic plant species grazed by goats and sheep. At three pastures (1: montane area with spontaneous vegetation ‘never cultivated before’, 2: previously cultivated but set at rest, 3: cultivated, under cereal production), plants were sampled twice during April–May to determine plant composition. Based on dominance of fresh aerial biomass of each plant per pasture and consumption by dairy goats, 10 species (Atractylis humilis, Calendula arvensis, Filago pygmaea, Globularia alypum, Hordeum vulgare, Malva sylvestris, Plantago sp., Scolymus hispanicus, Sonchus asper and Thymus algeriensis.) were selected and sampled once at flowering stage to characterize their aromatic profile. The odour‐active compounds (OACs) of the selected species were extracted using steam distillation, then detected and identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC/MS/O). The analysis of botanical composition revealed the presence of 70 species (29 in mountain, 40 in set at rest, 11 in cultivated pasture) belonging to 62 genera and 22 families, with dominance of Asteraceae species. A total of 86 different OACs were identified, including mainly terpenes (21) and aldehydes (18). Among the OACs, 19 different compounds have various odour notes including herbaceous, floral, sweet spicy, fried, mint, cooked, fruity, sulphur, sweet and unpleasant notes. The number of OACs and individual chemical classes differed significantly between selected species. Atractylis humilis contained more OACs than Scolymus hispanicus and Plantago sp., whereas Globularia alypum had higher number of OACs compared to Plantago sp. This study gave a general overview on plant aroma profile of semiarid pastures in Algeria and suggests that the aromatic profile of grazed plants in the pasture is determinant of the aromatic quality of dairy‐derived foods which depends also on animal feed selection.

Sin duda, la conquista de America por parte de Espana durante el siglo XVI fue un periodo violento y de gran cambio politico y social para las civilizaciones de este continente, que culmino en la imposicion de una forma de gobierno totalmente nueva, asi como una jerarquia racial que desplazo a los indigenas al peldano mas bajo junto con los esclavos africanos traidos por los conquistadores. Como es bien sabido, las autoridades catolicas enviadas a America se dieron a la tarea principalmente de estudiar el lenguaje y las creencias de cada civilizacion con el fin de convertir al catolicismo a todos los indigenas; como era de esperarse, existio resistencia por parte de los nativos americanos, por lo que los encomendados catolicos comenzaron a destruir documentos y monolitos que hicieran alusion a las deidades adoradas. Esto trajo consigo la perdida significativa de los conocimientos que las civilizaciones prehispanicas ya tenian respecto a las ciencias. Palabras clave: Codice; De La Cr...

Aerial parts of Artemisia arborescens were collected from different sites of the Mediterranean area (south-western Algeria and southern Italy) and the chemical composition of its essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation was studied by both gas chromatography (GC) equipped with an enantioselective capillary column and GC-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The EOs obtained were tested against several Lysteria monocytogenes strains. By means of GC and GC/MS, 41 compounds were identified, accounting for 96.0-98.8% of the total EO. All EOs showed a similar terpene profile, which was rich in chamazulene, β-thujone, and camphor. However, the concentration of such compounds varied among the EOs. A. arborescens EO inhibited up to 83.3% of the L. monocytogenes strains, but the inhibitory spectrum varied among the EOs, with those from Algeria showing a higher inhibition degree than the Italian EOs. Such effect likely depended on the ketone (β-thujone + camphor) content of the EO. The differen...

The strawberry market in Cundinamarca (Colombia)
is mainly size driven with no consideration for its
maturation state and nutritional quality, wasting
therefore, its organoleptic and nutritional potential.
For that reason, the physicochemical differences
among seven strawberry varieties (Albión, Dulce
Ana, Lucía, Monterrey, Ruby June, Sabrina and
Ventana) cultivated in the municipality of Sibaté
(Cundinamarca) were established. Fruits collected
from a productive plot with homogeneous cultivation
management conditions were analyzed in six
maturity states, establishing the degree of red
pigmentation according to the Colombian Standard
ntc 4103. Fresh weight, size, color, firmness, total
soluble solids (tss), total titratable acidity (tta),
maturity and respiration indices were evaluated.
Fruits in stages 4, 2 and 3 developed their largest
size and weight, where the variety Dulce Ana stands
out. The highest color index values were found in the
maturity stage 5 in the variety Ventana. Moreover,
the highest firmness values were recorded in stages
4 and 5 in the varieties Monterrey and Ventana.
The varieties Sabrina, Dulce Ana and Monterrey
accumulated the highest tss concentration and
the last two showed the best maturity relations.
Respiration rates increased with maturation,
especially from stage 3. The results suggest that
the optimum commercialization and consumption
points are stages 3 and 4, namely because these
stages exhibit the highest maturity index and fruit
weight. Among the varieties studied, Monterrey
stands out due to its firmness and maturity index.