Primate

NB:  Lots of editorial mistakes not corrected by MNJ and galley proof was never sent to the authors.

MNJ banyak pula kesilapan editorial, tata bahasa, rujukan yg sangat ketara tidak dibetulkan; sama yg pernah berlaku pd papers Jayaraj Vijaya Kumaran Isham Azhar; sangat malang sya tidak dpt galley proof.

Cerebral auditory areas were delineated in the awake, passively listening, rhesus monkey by comparing the rates of glucose utilization in an intact hemisphere and in an acoustically isolated contralateral hemisphere of the same animal. The auditory system defined in this way occupied large portions of cerebral tissue, an extent probably second only to that of the visual system. Cortically, the activated areas included the entire superior temporal gyrus and large portions of the parietal, prefrontal, and limbic lobes. Several auditory areas overlapped with previously identified visual areas, suggesting that the auditory system, like the visual system, contains separate pathways for processing stimulus quality, location, and motion.

Our study reports on contrasts in prey items from African Crowned Eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus) nesting in forest (n = 1) and savanna (n = 2) biomes in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. At least 12 taxa were identified at a forest nest, of which 92.1 % were neonate/juvenile. Bovids and procaviids represented 73.7% and 19.6 % of the diet respectively whilst Samango Monkey (Cercopithecus albogularis), a common forest species, represented only 1.7 % of prey items. Other species made up 5.0 % and included a range of species not found in the forest (e.g. Ourebia ourebi, Lepus sp., Ovis capra). At the savanna nests at least four taxa were identified, of which 73.1 % of prey items were adult. The majority of prey items were identified as procaviids (87.0%) with 5.6 % and 7.4 % of prey items represented by C. albogularis/pygerythrus and other remains (e.g. Capra hircus, Philantomba monticola) respectively. In South Africa, where total forest area is reduced compared to regions further north, t...

From mouse to primate, there is a striking discontinuity in our current understanding of the neural coding of motion direction. In non-primate mammals, directionally selective cell types and circuits are a signature feature of the retina, situated at the earliest stage of the visual process1,2. In primates, by contrast, direction selectivity is a hallmark of motion processing areas in visual cortex3,4, but has not been found in the retina, despite significant effort5,6. Here we combined functional recordings of light-evoked responses and connectomic reconstruction to identify diverse direction-selective cell types in the macaque monkey retina with distinctive physiological properties and synaptic motifs. This circuitry includes an ON-OFF ganglion cell type, a spiking, ON-OFF poly-axonal amacrine cell and the starburst amacrine cell, all of which show direction selectivity. Moreover, we found unexpectedly that macaque starburst cells possess a strong, non-GABAergic, antagonistic surr...