RStudio

Biostatistics is a critical skill to physicians in an evidence-based medicine era, but teaching basic statistical concepts is challenging. Students often experience anxiety caused by the complexity of statistics and might express negative attitudes toward the subject. We aimed to analyze the effect of an introductory biostatistics course using RStudio on attitude toward statistics and assess its acceptance among medical students. Forty-three 1st-year medical students were included. Pre- and post-course attitudes toward statistics were assessed using the Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS-28) scale and technology acceptance was assessed by a Technology Acceptance Model scale at the end of the course. There was a statistically discernible (significant) gain in the scores of three of the four SATS dimensions: affection (p = 0.006, Cohen’s d = 0.442), cognitive competence (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.605), and difficulty (p = 0.008, Cohen’s d = 0.421). Acceptance of RStudio was moderate to high in 93% of the participants, without statistical differences between genders. RStudio can be useful in the teaching of statistics to medical students, being well accepted and positively associated with students’attitude toward statistics. Supplementary files for this article are available online.

Professional Social Workers often engage in practice-based research. While researching human subjects, it is imperative to consider research ethics. Reasons it is okay to conduct research using human subjects would be to understand who we are helping.

Este trabajo intenta comprender el funcionamiento de las voces autorizadas en Twitter durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su interacción con los usuarios ordinarios. Se define a las voces autorizadas como usuarios de perfil público que poseen gran cantidad de seguidores, y cuyos mensajes son diseminados masivamente en la plataforma por los usuarios ordinarios. Para ello se recolectó un conjunto de tuits a lo largo de dos meses a través de la API de Twitter, y luego se formó un subconjunto de datos con los tuits replicados más de 100 veces. A este subconjunto se le aplicaron técnicas de etiquetado, minería de datos y análisis de sentimientos. Se observa que el marco interpretativo de la pandemia se encuentra modelado por los medios de comunicación, aunque existen percepciones propias de los usuarios ordinarios acerca de la pandemia como un momento de crisis económica, de salud, política y personal que no se encuentran presentes en las voces autorizadas. Se concluye que los medios de comunicación y los funcionarios de gobierno de primeras líneas son los que lograron mayor adhesión y amplificación de la palabra por parte de los usuarios ordinarios, aunque se observa una brecha de género importante entre las voces de los hombres y las de las mujeres.

Acute diarrhea is one of the most frequent causes of doctor visits and hospital admissions for children. Our objective was to evaluate the association between probiotics administration and reduction of acute infectious diarrhea duration in children dwelling in developed countries. Bibliographic databases, gray literature, and reference lists were searched up to September 29, 2019. Double-blind, randomized controlled trials that examined probiotics efficacy in children with acute infectious diarrhea residing in developed countries were included. Data were synthesized by generic inverse variance method using fixed- and random-effects model. Twenty trials met the eligibility criteria (n = 3469 patients) and were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 19 studies in meta-analysis. Twelve trials (n = 840) were assessed as high/unclear risk of bias and eight (n = 2629) as low risk of bias. Comparisons revealed a moderate effectiveness of probiotics in low risk of bias studies (MD = − 13.45 h; 95% CI − 24.26, − 2.62; p = 0.02, Bayesian meta-analysis pooled effect MD = − 0.38, 95% CrI − 2.3, 1.58) and a notable effect in studies with high/unclear risk for bias (MD = − 19.70 h; 95% CI − 28.09, − 11.31; p = 0.0004). In trials of optimal methodological quality (n = 1989), probiotics effect was absent (MD = − 3.32 h; 95% CI − 8.78, 2.13, p = 0.23).
Conclusion: Outcomes suggest that probiotics do not demonstrate sufficient clinical impact in reducing diarrhea duration in children in the developed countries.

According to the 2018 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen), the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage in the U.S. increased from 48.6% to 51.1%.[1] Certain factors contribute to disparity between teenagers receiving HPV vaccination.[1]The factors are geography, race, gender, education level, household income, and etc. Within these factors, household income and income inequality were chosen to be the focus of this study. The relationship between HPV vaccination coverage in the U.S., the household income of interviewed individuals, and the Gini index in the U.S. have been studied in RStudio [2]. By merging the NIS-Teen data of vaccination rate and Gini index data in RStudio, charts and graphs are formed to illustrate the relationship between HPV vaccination rate and income inequality. There seem to be limited correlations between vaccination rate and Gini index, but unexpected connections between vaccination rate and household income have been found.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to use scientometric analysis to identify the current state of the academic literature regarding Digital humanities(DH) and analyze its knowledge base such as highly contributing researchers, countries, organizations, sources, keyword analysis and subject areas. Design/methodology/approach-This study carried out a scientometric study on DH literature, 2909 records were retrieved from Scopus database, time span chosen as 2005-2020 as 15 years of study in DH research area. Retrieved data can be analyzed by using VOSviewer,Bibliometrix R package scientometric tools. Findings-The findings suggested the enormous proliferation of DH research during last 15 years, social sciences scores highest position in subject category with (30.3%) publications. Hyvonen, Eero is the higly contributing author. USA is the most productive country. The King's College London tops as the highly productive institutions in the DH research area. This study also shows strong co-authorship pattern between authors, countries and institutions. The most frequently used keyword in DH research is "Digital humanities". Originality/value-This study on scientometric analysis in DH literature may inform researchers and scholars of current trends and development in DH research area. .

En la gestión de los volúmenes de regulación del recurso hídrico proyectados para una variedad de beneficios (aprovechamientos hidroeléctricos, riego, agua potable, entre otros), es imprescindible calcular las variables morfométricas de los embalses para anticipar cambios en su morfología y predecir cómo estos cambios podrían afectar el aprovechamiento proyectado. En este documento, tomando en consideración los conceptos fundamentales del Cálculo Integral, se presenta el desarrollo de una metodología innovadora para obtener las curvas Cota-Volumen y Cota-Área en embalses; la metodología fue formulada en lenguaje de programación R con la ayuda de herramientas de información geográfica. Se ha logrado una optimización computacional para el procesamiento de las variables de nivel, área y volumen de un cuerpo de regulación con respecto a la utilización de metodologías tradicionales. Para validar la herramienta desarrollada se obtuvieron las curvas de capacidad del volumen de regulación del embalse Minas - San Francisco ubicado al sur de la republica del Ecuador. Este embalse fue diseñado para desalojar sus sedimentos con procesos de lavado. Este hecho ha motivado el monitoreo continuo de las condiciones morfológicas del embalse para planificar los procesos de mantenimiento por la pérdida del volumen asociado a los depósitos de partículas provenientes de sus tributarios. Además, se aplicó un análisis basado en curvas wavelets a los modelos digitales de elevación obtenidos con técnicas LiDAR y ecosonda batimétrica, para evidenciar los procesos de sedimentación que ocurren en este cuerpo de regulación.

El artículo aborda el análisis computacio-nal de varios textos clave de la modernidad filosófica, especialmente autores que tratan la voluntad y el deseo: Spinoza, Hegel, Schopenhauer y Nietzsche. A través de un estudio comparativo de medidas de frecuencia de términos, redes de relaciones entre palabras, modelado de tópicos y análisis de sentimientos, se visualizan afinidades y tensiones entre estos textos, explicitando la importancia que en ellos tienen los conceptos menos vinculados a la razón y al conocimiento. Al mismo tiempo, el artículo reflexiona sobre la pertinencia de los métodos computacionales y cómo pueden servir positivamente para la investigación filosófica. ABSTRACT The article performs a computational analysis of several major texts of the so-called philosophical modernity, specially authors who deal with will and desire: Spinoza, Hegel, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche. Through a comparative study of frequency of terms, relationships between words, topic modelling and sentiment analysis, affinities and tensions between these works are visualized, explaining the importance of concepts less linked to reason and knowledge. At the same time, the article reflects on the relevance of computational methods and how they can serve positively for philosophical research.

Im Rahmen des größtenteils digitalen "Corona-Semesters" entstand am Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Hochschule Harz diese kurze Einführung in R und RStudio für die Studierenden im berufsbegleitenden Bachelor-Studiengang Betriebswirtschaftslehre.

This thesis analyzes crash frequency and crash patterns using comprehensive datasets of traffic data at fine aggregation levels and detailed crash records, targeting some of the limitations related to using Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) for safety analysis. Being the most aggregated form of traffic volume, AADT does not capture variations of traffic volumes at different times of day but allows for developing crash frequency models and provides valuable information to understand the overall effect of conflicting demands, which in turn can be used to devise countermeasures and achieve safety improvements. However, AADT or even approach-level demands do not provide a clear picture of vehicle interactions, particularly for left-turn (LT) movements, where conflicting movements specifically relate to left-turning and opposing demands. In this research, high-resolution movement-level demands disaggregated up to 5-minute periods were collected on UDOT (Utah Department of Transportation) intersections over extended time periods. This high-resolution dataset was used to analyze conflict levels at the moment crashes occurred, and this information together with the overall exposure to such conditions was used to develop a measure of true left-turn crash risk. This unique method of estimating the risk (crash rates) in the intersections is used to quantify the effect of increasing left-turning and opposing volumes, develop a risk model, and estimate risk levels for a given approach throughout the day. Analysis shows a clear trend of increasing risk with increasing volumes, with a defined sharper increase in risk for an increase in left-turn volume versus a similar increase in through volume. This method can be used with online data streams to continuously monitor risk changes in real-time and proactively identify candidate locations for safety improvements even before an increase in crash frequency is observed.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh 'trust' atau rasa saling percaya terhadap pengambilan keputusan dalam penggunaan hak pilih pada pemilihan kepala daerah. Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  metode kuantitatif  dengan  varian analisis data sekunder. Teknik analisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan R-Studio. Variabel penelitian ini menggunakan variabel dummy. Responden penelitian ini ada 34.663 orang yang tersebar pada 23 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel independen berprengaruh signifikan. Variabel dummy sikap memilih pemimpin seagama dan sikap memilih pemimpin yang seagama dengan mempertimbangkan ketataatan kandidat; dan dihasilkan nilai estimate berturut-turut sebesar 0,011055 dan 0,014628. Hasil tersebut mempunyai arti bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut berpengaruh positif terhadap variabel dependen dan dapat meningkatkan angka partisipasi politik. Kemudian pada variabel sikap memilih pemimpin yang berbeda agama dengan mempertimbangkan ketaatan kandidat calon justru menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda yaitu terdapat nilai estimate sebesar -0,017370. Hal ini menunjukkan arah pengaruh  yang negatif terhadap variabel dependen yang artinya dapat menurunkan angka partisipasi politik.