This study was aimed at the application of keratin-modified-urea-formaldehyde (KMUF) resin adhesive for bonding particleboard. The keratin extract was used in developing the urea- formaldehyde resin. The physicochemical properties of the... more
This study was aimed at the application of keratin-modified-urea-formaldehyde (KMUF) resin adhesive for bonding particleboard. The keratin extract was used in developing the urea- formaldehyde resin. The physicochemical properties of the resins which included viscosity, gel time, specific gravity, pH and total solid content of the modified resins were determined. The application of the resin adhesives was done by formulating and forming particle board whose compositions were 80% wood chips, 11% resins and moisture content of approximately 9%.The boards were evaluated for their mechanochemical and water resistance properties. These properties of KMUF boards were compared with that of neat urea-formaldehyde (NUF) board. The results of the characteristics properties of the particleboards showed that KMUF gave improved strengths and better water resistance properties than the NUF board. Key word: Keratin,application, bonding resin,adhesive, particleboard.
The purpose of present study was to fabricate particleboard using almond shell. This might help to overcome the raw material shortage that the panel industry is facing now days. Particleboards containing different almond shell particle... more
The purpose of present study was to fabricate particleboard using almond shell. This might help to overcome the raw material shortage that the panel industry is facing now days. Particleboards containing different almond shell particle ratios were made using epoxy resin. Tensile properties of almond shell particleboards were determined in this research paper. The addition of almond shell particles greatly affected the tensile property of the panels. Hardness is very important property for the particle board. In the present, investigation tensile strength of fabricated particle board decreases with increase in the almond shell particles.
This study was aimed at the application of keratin-modified-urea-formaldehyde (KMUF) resin adhesive for bonding particleboard. The keratin extract was used in developing the ureaformaldehyde resin. The physicochemical properties of the... more
This study was aimed at the application of keratin-modified-urea-formaldehyde (KMUF) resin adhesive for bonding particleboard. The keratin extract was used in developing the ureaformaldehyde resin. The physicochemical properties of the resins which included viscosity, gel time, specific gravity, pH and total solid content of the modified resins were determined. The application of the resin adhesives was done by formulating and forming particle board whose compositions were 80 % wood chips, 11 % resins and moisture content of approximately 9%.The boards were evaluated for their mechanochemical and water resistance properties. These properties of KMUF boards were compared with that of neat urea-formaldehyde (NUF) board. The results of the characteristics properties of the particleboards showed that KMUF gave improved strengths and better water resistance properties than the NUF board.
The traditional preparation of spinifex resin for use as an adhesive by Indigenous Australians involves the application of limited heat as a source of energy for processing though overheating may cause permanent degradation of the... more
The traditional preparation of spinifex resin for use as an adhesive by Indigenous Australians involves the application of limited heat as a source of energy for processing though overheating may cause permanent degradation of the material. This paper investigates the physico-thermal properties of spinifex resin and its traditional manufactured composite materials to manipulate morphologies and properties during handling and performance. The pure resin was found to display a low glass transition temperature (Tg), and the Tg was found to increase when it was heat-treated due to the thermally induced reaction of resin functional groups. The glass transition temperature further increased when soil minerals were incorporated within the resin matrix according to the conventional theory of hindrance of molecular motion of the polymer chains. The pure resin (metabolic compounds) contained some inorganic elements (Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, etc.) because of the micro-nutrients taken up by spinifex plants during their life span. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the pure resin displayed the lowest thermal stability. However, the thermal stability improved for resin samples that had been extracted by solvent and subsequently heat treated. This enhanced thermal stability was most likely due to the thermally induced reaction of resin functional groups to form a crosslinked network structure.
In this paper three different samples of reinforced carbon fibre carried out with different weight percentage composition of seaweed. This composite sandwich made from the above materials with suitable and sufficient epoxy resin.. The... more
In this paper three different samples of reinforced carbon fibre carried out with different weight percentage composition of seaweed. This composite sandwich made from the above materials with suitable and sufficient epoxy resin.. The sandwich composite materials undergone through non-destructive test like as vibration analysis and destructive tests such as tensile test, hardness survey and impact test. In this study predict the quality of the above composite material using by destructive and non-destructive testing methods. These test results are compared of the three compositions of composite materials then determined the good quality samples among the three.
In this study, natural fibre composite made of banana and coir has been selected as reinforcing material to study the mechanical properties. The natural fibre has excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength... more
In this study, natural fibre composite made of banana and coir has been selected as reinforcing material to study the mechanical properties. The natural fibre has excellent mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength and less weight. The composite plate is prepared with epoxy resin (EP187). The composite plate is formed in 4 mm and 5mm thickness. The objective of the study is to compare and analyse the tensile and flexural properties of banana-coirreinforced composite material. It is found that the tensile and flexural strength increases with the decrease in the thickness.
The purpose of present study was to fabricate particleboard using almond shell. This might help to overcome the raw material shortage that the panel industry is facing now days. Particleboards containing different almond shell particle... more
The purpose of present study was to fabricate particleboard using almond shell. This might help to overcome the raw material shortage that the panel industry is facing now days. Particleboards containing different almond shell particle ratios were made using epoxy resin. Tensile properties of almond shell particleboards were determined in this research paper. The addition of almond shell particles greatly affected the tensile property of the panels. Hardness is very important property for the particle board. In the present, investigation tensile strength of fabricated particle board decreases with increase in the almond shell particles.
Oleoresin has a very important place among the non-wood forest products throughout the world. In this study, oleoresin production from Pinus brutia Ten. was performed in KahramanmaraĢ, Türkiye according to the borehole method between... more
Oleoresin has a very important place among the non-wood forest products throughout the world. In this study, oleoresin production from Pinus brutia Ten. was performed in KahramanmaraĢ, Türkiye according to the borehole method between July-October in 2014. Two different diameter classes were choosen, breast height 28-31 cm (Class I) and 32-35 cm (Class II). In each tree one hole on south aspect of stem was drilled. Different concentration of ethephon [2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid; (CEPA); (C)] (%3, %5, w/w), sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 [S]) (%10, %15, w/w) and a mixture of them (%3C+%10S, %3C+%15S, %5C+%10S, %5C+%15S) were sprayed in the boreholes to improve the resin flow. The highest resin yield was achieved with treatment of 5C+10S (%125.4) in diameter class I and with %15 sulphuric acid (%155.8) in class II as compared to nonstimulated trees. The effect of stimulant chemicals on resin yield was more evident in the trees of diameter class I.
Non-timber forest products are the major source of income for mountainous countries like Nepal. This article attempts to explore a case of traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Jajarkot district and its contribution to the economy.... more
Non-timber forest products are the major source of income for mountainous countries like Nepal. This article attempts to explore a case of traded non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Jajarkot district and its contribution to the economy. Collection of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) and resin tapping are some of the major sources of employment for a large number of rural people. 53 different types of NTFPs are traded from the Jajarkot district. Local people collect these NTFPs from the forest and export them within and outside the district mainly to India and China. Jajarkot district on average exported 1,590,681.72 kg NTFPs worth NRs. 3,819,271.6 (equivalent to USD 32,081.88) from the year 2015 to 2020 to the national economy through royalty. NRs. 2,246,719.4 (equivalent to USD 18,872.44) per year came from MAPs and NRs. 1,572,552.2 (equivalent to USD 13,209.4) from resin during the years 2015 to 2020. If this district could produce all the commonly available NTFPs in a large scale, then there would be a high possibility of transforming the current unviable economy into a practical and vibrant economy. A proper inventory, identification and sustainable harvesting, are essential to promote and conserve these NTFPs.
La résine XAD2 dans la séparation des composés phénoliques On a séparé les acides hydroxy cinnamyl tartriques, les acides phénoliques libres, les catéchines, les proanthocyanidines et les pigments libres et polymérisés du vin par... more
La résine XAD2 dans la séparation des composés phénoliques On a séparé les acides hydroxy cinnamyl tartriques, les acides phénoliques libres, les catéchines, les proanthocyanidines et les pigments libres et polymérisés du vin par adsorption sur la résine XAD2 suivie par l'élution avec des solvents organiques inertes. Les fractions ainsi obtenues sont analysées par CLHP.
A total of 49 Late Ptolemaic-Roman Period mummies excavated from Kellis-1 cemetery at Ismant el-Kharab in Egypt's Dakhleh Oasis were examined by gross dissection in 1993 and 1998. Of these, 35 were sufficiently intact to reconstruct... more
A total of 49 Late Ptolemaic-Roman Period mummies excavated from Kellis-1 cemetery at Ismant el-Kharab in Egypt's Dakhleh Oasis were examined by gross dissection in 1993 and 1998. Of these, 35 were sufficiently intact to reconstruct their mummification methodology. Most of these bodies had been looted at least once in antiquity with consequent damage to their integrity. The bodies of three bundles were found to be completely skeletonized. In the remaining 32, twenty had become mummified spontaneously secondary to environmental conditions. In these, some desiccated viscera were found within the body cavities. The remaining 12 had been mummified anthropogenically. These had been eviscerated, usually via an abdominal incision, and resin had been applied liberally, both internally and externally to these bodies. No evidence of natron desiccation was evident in either group. In many of each group, ancient efforts to reconstruct looted, fragmented bodies were encountered, both with a...
This study was aimed at the application of keratin-modified-urea-formaldehyde (KMUF) resin adhesive for bonding particleboard. The keratin extract was used in developing the ureaformaldehyde resin. The physicochemical properties of the... more
This study was aimed at the application of keratin-modified-urea-formaldehyde (KMUF) resin adhesive for bonding particleboard. The keratin extract was used in developing the ureaformaldehyde resin. The physicochemical properties of the resins which included viscosity, gel time, specific gravity, pH and total solid content of the modified resins were determined. The application of the resin adhesives was done by formulating and forming particle board whose compositions were 80 % wood chips, 11 % resins and moisture content of approximately 9%.The boards were evaluated for their mechanochemical and water resistance properties. These properties of KMUF boards were compared with that of neat urea-formaldehyde (NUF) board. The results of the characteristics properties of the particleboards showed that KMUF gave improved strengths and better water resistance properties than the NUF board.
The influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of treated chicken feather fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (TCFF-UPR) composites was studied in this research. Redundant portions of chicken from poultry farms... more
The influence of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties of treated chicken feather fibre-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (TCFF-UPR) composites was studied in this research. Redundant portions of chicken from poultry farms are comprehensively contaminating the environment. To minimize environmental pollution, these redundant portions need to use for the production of other materials. In this study, we used chicken feather for the preparation of useful composites combining with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) to reduce environmental pollution. The composites were prepared successfully by conventional hand lay up technique using modified chicken feather as the reinforcing phase of composites. For preparing composites different percentages (2, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15% by weight) of fibre were used. Attained tensile test results expressed significant enhancement in the tensile properties of composites, with the optimum combination of tensile strength presented by 5 wt% , tensile modulus presented by 10 wt% untreated chicken feather bio-fibre reinforcement and bending strength by 5 wt% chicken feather bio-fibre reinforcement.
For more than one hundred years, Krui forest-farmers in southern Sumatra have cultivated agroforests rich in the rainforest tree damar, to harvest its valuable resin. Along the way, Krui's damar forests have become one of the most... more
For more than one hundred years, Krui forest-farmers in southern Sumatra have cultivated agroforests rich in the rainforest tree damar, to harvest its valuable resin. Along the way, Krui's damar forests have become one of the most widely-known, and well-researched, examples of the benefits of agroforestry for livelihoods and the environment. This research report integrates a short period of fieldwork in Krui in 2016 with analysis of satellite data on deforestation and smallholder oil palm expansion 2000-14, to find that roughly one-fifth of the Krui damar agroforests standing in 1997 have since fallen. By way of explanation, I find that a 'capitalist squeeze' has forced Krui's forest-farmers to turn away from damar agroforestry as livelihood. In a complex process, state support of logging and agribusiness, El Niño induced drought, and emergent inequalities amongst Krui's smallholders have all contributed to this capitalist squeeze.
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