Scientific Literature

Author Mira Grant takes her readers on a mad scientist and his creature horror adventure in this modern take on how science can go too far. But, what elements of this ring true to the themes of the classic Frankenstein by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly and how does Grant take her story to further depths of reality?

Biodiesel, derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. In spite of having some application problems, recently it is being considered as one of the most promising alternative fuels in internal combustion engine. From scientific literatures, this paper has collected and analyzed the data on both advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel over conventional diesel. Since the aim of this study is to evaluate the biodiesel feasibility in automobiles, the first section is dedicated to materials compatibility in biodiesel as compared to that in diesel. The highest consensus is related to enhanced corrosion of automotive parts due to its compositional differences. In the subsequent sections, data on performance, emission and engine durability have been analyzed and compared. In this case, the highest consensus is found in reducing emissions as well as in increasing moving parts sticking, injector coking and filter plugging. This paper has also summarized the factors of biodiesel in contributing these technical performances. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032110003448 
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1364032110003448/1-s2.0-S1364032110003448-main.pdf?_tid=f75f6c24-a9c5-11e3-b251-00000aab0f01&acdnat=1394615527_684db9fd3c64f8d8c14da52223233a79

Questa tesi si sviluppa intorno all'immagine di tre scrittrici della Fin de siècle, le cui figure richiamano alla mente tre dei più comuni stereotipi che la cultura patriarcale ha elaborato allo scopo di "contenere" il concetto sfuggete di femminilità. Il fascino dell'androginia, la minaccia dell'isteria e il mistero della profezia sono atteggiamenti che hanno a lungo colorato e di frequente sostituito la complessità della "woman's question," un problema che, nelle ultime decadi del XIX secolo, aveva dominato la stampa britannica e francese segnando la nascita del movimento femminista. A partire dall’osservazione della studiosa della Fin de siècle, Sally Ledger, secondo la quale in quel periodo storico il concetto di “degenerazione” non era mai invocato senza richiamare anche il concetto gemello di “rigenerazione,” questa tesi trasforma la relazione degenerazione/rigenerazione in uno schema euristico che consente di creare significative connessioni sia fra le autrici oggetto di studio, la francese Rachilde (1860-1953) e le britanniche Sarah Grand (1854-1943) e Mona Caird (1954-1932) che all’interno delle loro opere narrative. Più nello specifico la tesi è strutturata in cinque capitoli: il primo, La New Woman tra ansie di degenerazione e profezie di rinascita, introduce comparativamente da un punto di vista storico-sociologico le figure della New Woman e della femme nouvelle, nelle loro diverse varianti, disegnando così il quadro delle nuove tipologie femminili sull’una e l’altra sponda della Manica. I tre capitoli successivi sono invece dedicati a ciascuna delle scrittrici in oggetto, con particolare attenzione ad uno dei loro romanzi che diventa argomento di specifica e approfondita analisi: Rachilde e il suo Monsieur Vénus (1884) in Chi ha paura di Rachilde? Veneri maschili e decadentismo femminile in Monsieur Vénus (1884), Sarah Grand e The Heavenly Twins (1893) in “The Strange Case of Sarah Grand:” Restraining Diagnoses and Exploding Narratives in The Heavenly Twins (1893), Mona Caird e The Daughters of Danaus (1894) in “The priestess of revolt.” La rivoluzione di Mona Caird tra mimesi del presente, derive scientifiche e teosofia. Nell’applicare l’ipotesi di base della tesi, quella che individua una tensione produttiva fra le vecchie discipline scientifiche (il “discorso medico” positivista di stampo darwiniano e le derive pseudoscientifiche dell'eugenetica) e le nuove scienze (la nascente psicoanalisi, la sessuologia e le ricerche nel campo della teosofia) ovvero fra “degenerazione” della specie (femminile) e sua rigenerazione (New Woman), questo studio mette in luce in modo originale aspetti fino ad ora poco considerati, se non del tutto ignorati, dei romanzi e della poetica delle tre scrittrici. L’ultimo capitolo, New Women di ieri, nuove donne di oggi, oltre a riprendere le fila dei discorsi intessuti nei capitoli precedenti, mettendo in relazione da un punto di vista critico le questioni estetiche relative alle tre scrittrici, rilancia teoricamente il discorso sul femminismo mostrando come questioni e tematiche presenti nella scrittura delle autrici in oggetto siano non solo leggibili e interpretabili alla luce delle categorie più aggiornate del pensiero femminile contemporaneo, ma anzi le abbiamo per certi versi anticipate.

Introduction: Scientific studies and their publication have always been messengers for future advances in medicine, as the primary tool for technological and scholarly advances in the field. They are an integral part of the professional life of specialists working in a university. Creating your own scientific publication of any kind is often an undervalued activity whose procedural stages and significance remain insufficiently known. The path to the final publication can be a monotonous and extensive process. While the road to a final draft could be tortuous and monotonous, the pace and mood of walking it are heavily determined by the researcher’s motivation. Postgraduate scientific work in academia is an area less preferred to a clinical career, and not favorite for medical graduation students. The main goal of higher education is to prepare students for work, so the introduction to scientific thinking is an important factor for better results in the professional field. During thei...

Scientific studies and their publication are precursors to future prosperity in medicine. They are an integral part of the professional life of specialists working in a university. Creating an own scientific publication of any kind is often underestimated, and not enough activity, not necessarily preferred, and the path to the final publication can be monotonous and extensive. The main goal of higher education is to prepare students for life in the real world and in the principles of creating scientific work as an important factor for better science. During their studies, they must learn how to properly work with scientific literature and create their own scientific work. The project developed and described here is related to the methodology of scientific research in medicine and healthcare as well as to the development of critical creative thinking in the field of science. It aims is to undergraduate and graduate students in medicine, in order to bring out the highlights of the best scientific work in accordance with modern requirements. As a result, are systematically summarized modern good practices for creating and publishing scientific information, a program of a discipline on scientific writing, related to the methodology of the research work is being developed. This leads to an increase in the quality of scientific work according to the new technologies and requirements of ISO 9001: 2000.

During last decades several techniques were proposed for the measurement of odours in environmental field but until now no one was applied and diffused between worldwide countries. These due to the presence of a large number of variables correlated to fast and continuous variability of odours, their low concentration in environment, the meteorological conditions, the difficulty to sampling a representative volume of air. In Europe the dynamic olfactometry method was standardized in 2003 by EN 13725 and was proposed for the measurement of odour emissions. At same time several Countries have specific guidelines that norm in different way the assessment of odours. The scope of this study is to compare and evaluate the principal odour measurement methods (GC-MS, dynamic olfactometry, and electronic nose), nowadays applied in technical practices and reported in current scientific literature, used to identify and characterize the odour emissions from a wastewater treatment plant, with the...

O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o problema da autoria em ciência, postulando que não só a imagem de ciência mudou nas últimas décadas, mas também o conceito de autoria. Ninguém negaria hoje, por exemplo, que a ciência é uma empreitada coletiva que circula e se modifica no processo, e que implica uma literatura científica cada vez mais colaborativa. No entanto, quando o número de atores da prática científica se multiplica e tantas vozes participam dessa cena para
além dos cientistas, como definir a autoria em ciência? Como pensar em avaliação com base na literatura científica, considerando a emergência desse novo tipo de autor? Analisar o problema da autoria é importante por conta das demandas para reconhecer, responsabilizar e dar crédito em ciência, sobretudo em tempos de produtivismo baseado em bibliometria.

This paper intends to analyze the problem of scientific authorship. I suppose that not only the image of Science has changed in the last decades, but the concept of authorship as well. For example, nobody would deny that Science is a collective practice which circulates and is changed in the process. However, when the number of actors in the
scientific practice multiplies and so many voices join the scene besides the scientists, how to define authorship in Science? How to think evaluation based on scientific literature, considering the emergence of this new kind of actor? Researching this problem is important because acknowledgment, accountability and credit are demanded in Science, specially in face of the big fast Science which is based in bibliometrics.

While Tropical Medicine developed as a new discipline at the turn of the 20th century, Rio de Janeiro’s Instituto Oswaldo Cruz was the only major center not directly linked with neocolonialism, although through a program of multilingual study, personnel exchange and an avant-garde translation policy in its journal Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, it parlayed with the science of the colonial powers and made important discoveries. However, political developments led to increasing isolation for the Institute and increasing monolingualism in its journal. By the late 1970s, Memórias had suspended publication and the Institute was on the verge of collapse. Nevertheless, new leadership and a drive towards globalized English helped form Memórias into the most-cited scientific journal in Latin America. This narrative holds important lessons for Translation Studies, the first of which is that the international scientific community, which has historically depended on translation, is worth more careful consideration as an object of study. In this peripheral institute, translation effected international self-projection, which consolidated national prestige through recognition from authorities abroad. Moreover, the questions of power involved in the literature’s current English-language hegemony, faced even by former European colonizers, are removed only circumstantially from those dealt with in the periphery a century ago.
Keywords: Colonialism, Scientific literature, Latin America, Lingua Franca, Language Policy.