Semantic Web

Asian countries with Confucian heritage culture (CHC) such as China,
Vietnam, Singapore, Korea and Japan have been proven to share characteristics of a collectivist society. Researchers agree that this collectivist mentality strongly supports cooperation that CHC’s learners/workers best perform in groups.

However, little is known about the other side of the coin. Whilst applying a method born in one culture to another, cultural differences have been forgotten. The so-called global application has led to a situation in which a Western model is forced to launch in a completely new and different context. This new context and the existing cultural values are not always incorporated into the implementation of a Western concept of cooperative learning. Consequently, it does not necessarily follow that all forms of cooperative learning will surely succeed within a CHC environment.

As a result of ignoring, stereotyping and underestimating cultural and educational characteristics, in CHC countries, the implementation of constructivism and one of its applications—cooperative learning—has ended up in failures, suspicion or resistance.

The authors would like to question (1) the fixed assumption that “groupwork
surely works in CHC countries” and (2) the domination of developmentalism
in education nowadays and its mismatch with cultural assets. With this paper, the authors contribute to the recent call for culturally appropriate pedagogy

This paper presents a way to develop a modern assessment system on the Semantic Web. The system is based on the IMS QTI standard (question and test interoperability) and designed by applying the model driven architecture software engineering standards. It uses the XML meta-data interchange specification and ontologies. We propose the framework for assessment systems that is reusable, extensible, and that facilitates interoperability between its component systems. The central idea here is using description logic reasoning techniques for intelligent analysis of students’ solutions of the problems they are working on during assessment sessions with the system, in order to process open-ended questions. This innovative approach can be applied in the IMS QTI standard.

Yaygın gelişimsel bozukluklar arasında yer alan Asperger Sendromu (AS) 1944‟de Avusturyalı hekim Hans Asperger tarafından yaşıt ilişkilerinde sorunlar yaşayan dört olgu ile “otistik psikopati” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sonraki dönemde gelişerek günümüze gelen Asperger Sendromu tanı ölçütlerinde önemli iki özellik: bu çocukların klasik olarak sessiz ve kapalı çocuk olarak tanımlanmalarına yol açan karşılıklı iletişim ve sosyal etkileşim alanlarında yetersizlikleri ile yoğun dil sorunlarıdır (Ghaziuddin ve Butler, 1998; Iwanaga ve ark., 2000).
AS olgularında ilk tanımlandığı dönemden itibaren çeşitli alanlarla aşırı uğraşıların varlığı özellikle vurgulanmıştır. Bu belirtileri yapısında bulunduran AS, DSM-IV ve ICD–10 sınıflama sistemlerinde “Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluklar” ana başlığı altında tanımlanmıştır (APA, 1994; WHO, 1992).Diğer yaygın gelişimsel bozukluğa sahip bireylerde olduğu gibi AS‟de de, erken çocukluk dönemindeki eğitimleri ve yetişkinlik dönemindeki iş ve mesleki eğitimleri de, bu bireylerdeki bozukluğun, derecesine, yaşına, özelliklerine, ihtiyaçlarına göre planlanmış özel eğitim programları ile desteklenmelidir. Bu eğitim programları uygun şekilde planlandığında, bireysel becerilerin edinilmesi ve toplumsal entegrasyon bağlamında önemli ilerlemeler kaydedilmektedir. Bu bireylerin erken yaştan itibaren, bu eğitim programlarına katılması yoluyla bağımsız yaşam becerilerini geliştirmeleri, davranış problemlerinin azaltılarak gereksinimleri olan beceriler kazanabilmeleri mümkün olabilmektedir (İlgi, Otistik Çocukları Koruma Derneği).
Günümüzde, yaygın gelişimsel bozukluğa sahip bireylerin topluma kazandırılması ile ilgilenen kurumlar veya uzman eğitim kadrosu, uzun araştırmalar sonunda titizlikle seçtikleri eğitsel metotlar ile yaşanılan sıkıntıları aza indirgemeye çalışmaktadırlar. Ancak, pek çok nedenden ötürü, bu kuruluşlara gidemeyen birey yakınları, uygun eğitimi evde vermeye çalışmaktadır. Bu eğitimler sırasında, kullanabilecekleri eğitsel metodu (faaliyet/oyun/aktivite) seçerken, Internet veya ilgili yazılımlar en sık başvurdukları yöntemlerdendir. Ne var ki şu an statik tabanda sözdizimsel arama yapabilen günümüz Internet veya ilgili yazılımlar, bireyin ihtiyacına yönelik anlamsal tabanda hizmet/eğitsel aktivite taramalarında istenilen sonucu vermekte yetersiz kalabilmektedir. Günümüzün gelişmiş Internet teknolojilerinden olan 'Semantic Web' (Anlamsal Web); anlamsal tabanda arama yapabilme olanağını sağlayıp, böylece kişinin ihtiyacını algılamayı ve sonucunda kişiye uygun eğitsel aktiviteyi tespit edebilmeyi mümkün kılmaktadır. Anlamsal Web altyapısına dayanan ihtiyaca yönelik eğitsel metotları bularak tespit edebilecek bir sistem, hem yaygın gelişimsel bozukluğa sahip olan bireylerin gelişimlerine katkıda bulunabilecek, hem eğitim uzmanlarına bu süreçte destek olabilecek, hem de bu bireylerin ailelerinin çocuklarının gelişimsel süreçlerini izleyebilmeleri açısından fayda sağlayabilecektir. Bu projede,anlamsal tabanda çalışabilen ve anne-babaların/diğer aile üyelerinin, okul öncesi eğitimcilerin, ilköğretim okulları, özel eğitim kurumları ve rehberlik ve araştırma merkezleri gibi kurumlarda çalışan uzman eğitmenlerin veya ilgili alanlarda öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin ya da konuyla ilgilenen tüm bireylerin yararlanmaları için tasarlanmış eğitsel metot (faaliyet/oyun/aktivite) önermesi yapabilen, yaygın gelişimsel bozukluğu olan bireylerin gelişimine uygun Etmen-tabanlı Eğitsel Etkinlik Keşif Sistemi (EEEKS) mimarisinintemel taşı olan Ontoloji Bilgi Tabanının (OBT) nasıl hazırlanması gerektiği sunulmaktadır.Bu sistemin bilgi tabanı OWL dili kullanılarak geliştirilmiş, yaygın gelişimsel bozukluklar alanına yönelik tüm kavramlar, özellikler ve bunlar arasındaki anlamsal bağlamdaki ilişkileri ontoloji yoluyla tanımlandırılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluk, Otizm, Asperger Sendromu, Ontoloji, Anlamsal Web, Anlamsal Arama Sistemleri.

We study ALCKm and ALCS4m, which extend the description logic ALC by adding modal operators of the basic multi-modal logics Km and S4m. We develop a sound and complete tableau algorithm ΛK for answering ALCKm queries w.r.t. an ALCKm knowledge base with an acyclic TBox. Defining tableau expansion rules in the presence of acyclic definitions by considering only the concept names on the left-hand side of TBox definitions or their negations, we are able to give a PSpace implementa- tion for ΛK. We then consider answering ALCS4m queries w.r.t. an ALCS4m knowl- edge base (with an acyclic TBox) in which the epistemic operators correspond to those of classical multi-modal logic S4m. The expansion rules in the tableau algorithm ΛS4 are designed to syntactically incorporate the epistemic properties. Blocking is corpo-rated into the tableau expansion rules to ensure termination. We also provide a PSpace implementation for ΛS4. In light of the fact that the satisfiability problem for ALCKm with general TBox and no epistemic properties (i.e., KALC) is NEXPTIME-complete, we conclude that both ALCKm and ALCS4m offer computationally manageable and practically useful fragments of KALC.

Attention Mark Zuckerberg
Al-Farabi: biography, works and publications - The tango of Plato and Al-Farabi - unpublished by Ghassan Tarabey


INTRODUCTION

My research rather my compilation titled "WHAT COULD BE AL-FARABI “founder of Islamic Neoplatonism” ADDED VALUE?" is a demonstration that Al farabi deserved the title of second master because of his projection in space and time. I was 18 when I adopted the "love-religion-politics" triptych. Today, after having discovered Farabi's thought and after having written my essay published in its 1st version on mlfcham "Stochastic Model and Worldwide Conflict Resolution", in particular the unfinished paragraph "TANGENTIAL BORDERLINE BETWEEN FIRST INTELLECT AND DIVINE INTELLECT", I think that the highest scenario in a "top-down" approach is the one that brings together the three components of this triptych in Al Farabi's political project where religion and philosophy lead us to the path of the "first intellect", I I said in chapter "IV-7 Proposed Scenario for LHC (Large Hadron Collider) of this essay " Except God “infinity” Each essence could be realized in existence (sentence said by Al-Farabi). By analogy (what I think), each produced particle could be realized in existence before it decays."
See also the project: https://www.academia.edu/26057106/Projet_sur_les_r%C3%A9seaux_de_connaissances_
et_la_reconstruction_des_Cit%C3%A9s_Vertueuses_-_Colloque_participatif_Mondialisation_et_Editorialisation_-_MSH_Paris_Nord
&
https://www.academia.edu/25204851/Engine_for_Virtual_Learning_including_tools_standards_and_new_learning_approach_according_to_Predictable_and_Unpredictable_Events

NB: if there is a difficulty in reaching one of the articles use the following association in a search on Google:

Amin Elsaleh Academia Al Farabi

Aktuelle Entwicklungen in den digitalen Methoden der Archäologie suchen nach Lösungen für eine fachspezifisch adäquate Repräsentation chronologischer Konzepte, sowie deren persistente Adressierbarkeit. In diesem Paper wird ein konzeptioneller Vorschlag zur Lösung des archäologisch-relativchronologischen Problems mittels digitaler Methoden vorgestellt. Einerseits werden Zeitkonzepte und ihr relativchronologisches Verhältnis zueinander digital aufgearbeitet und im Semantic Web zur Verfügung gestellt. Neben Geodia, ein online-Portal für die Visualisierung von zeitlichen, geographischen und materiellen Aspekten antiker Kulturen im Mittelmeerraum und PeriodO, das als online-Gazetteer Zeitbegriffe als Linked Open Data anbietet, entwickeln das i3mainz und das DAI im Rahmen des Projekts ChronOntology eine regelbasierte Software-Architektur, die auch komplexe Zeitbegriffe in ihren Abhängigkeiten und räumlichem Kontext repräsentiert. Andererseits entstehen relativchronologische Materialzeitst...

Vinos HRIS Human Resources Information Systems Terbaik Di Indonesia. Sebuah Human Resource information system menjadikan sebuah bisnis mempersingkat administrasi.Sebuah sistem dengan sedikit tenaga kerja, menghemat waktu dan uang sebuah organisasi/ perusahaan.Varp menyediakan Vinos HRIS Terbaik Di Indonesia software HRIS baik costumize maupun siap pakai,jika berminat silahkan www.varptech.com

Objectives• Describe the use of rules in Geospatial Semantic Web application• Discuss language requirements for expressing geospatial inference rules• Discuss tools requirements for processing geospatial inference rules• Highlight open questions ...

A Knowledge Management System developed for supporting creation, capture, storage and dissemination of information about Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures is presented. We present an Ontology on Epilepsy and a Web-based prototype that together create the KMS.

Abstract. This paper describes the design of and the deployment options for the Federal Enterprise Architecture Reference Model Ontology (FEA-RMO). The goal of any reference model is to provide a basis or starting point for some de-sign process. While this is a laudable goal, it poses ...

Lack of data/input validation and is a critical challenge because it might cause failures in the software, and can also break the security upon web applications such as an unauthorized access to data. Traditional security solutions do not properly address this problem. For example, Firewalls and SSL are not adequate security for a web application. One the most common web application vulnerabilities that are known to date is SQL injection. In this paper, a new data validation service which is based upon semantic web technologies has been developed to prevent the security vulnerabilities at the application level and to secure the web system even if the input validation modules are bypassed. Our semanitc architecture consists of the following components: RDFa annotation for elements of web pages, interceptor, RDF extractor, RDF parser, and data validator. Principally, The prototype of the proposued service indicate that the proposed data validation service might provide a detection, an...

We present in this paper a novel ontological theory of events whose central tenet is the Aristotelian distinction between the object that changes and the actual subject of change, which is what we call an individual quality. While in the Kimian tradition events are individuated by a triple ho, P, ti, where o is an object, P a property, and t an interval of time, for us the simplest events are qualitative changes, individuated by a triple ho, q, ti, where q is an individual quality inhering in o or in one of its parts. Detaching the individuation of events from the property they exemplify results in a fine-grained theory that keeps metaphysics and semantics clearly separate, and lies between the multiplicative and the unitarian approaches. We discuss then the way language refers to events, observing that, in most cases, event descriptions refer to complex, cognitively relevant clusters of co-occurring qualitative changes, which exhibit a synchronic structure depending on the way they are described. Contra Bennett, who famously argued that the semantics of event names ultimately depends on “local context and unprincipled intuitions”, we show how the lexicon provides systematic principles for individuating such clusters and classifying them into kinds. Finally, we address some open challenges in the semantics of locative and manner modifiers.

Abstract. This paper details the design, implementation and evaluation of an ontology-based knowledge sharing tool. The system, “Squidz”, automatically classifies browsed web pages against an ontology, and allows users to share comments made about those pages to members of a community. As the user browses web pages, recommendations of relevant documents which have already been shared are produced, based upon both the user’s social network as well as the semantic content of the page currently in view. Key to the design of the system has been the requirement, evidenced by earlier studies, that sharing should be easily effected as a side-effect of browsing rather than comprising a separate and distracting task. Another feature of the system is the linkage of a formal ontology with user-provided tags of shared information, thus combining the proven popularity of folksonomy-based systems with the shared and formal domain model provided by an ontology.

In recent years gazetteers based on semantic web technologies were discussed as an effective way to describe, formalize and standardize place data by using contextual information as a method to structure and distinguish places from each other. While research concerning semantic gazetteers with regard to historical places has pointed out the importance of enabling the creation of a global and epoch-spanning gazetteer, we want to emphasize the importance of taking a domain oriented approach as well – in our case, focusing on places set in medieval and early modern times. By discussing the topic from the historians’ perspective, we will be able to identify a number of challenges that are specific to the semantic representation of places set in these time periods. We will then do a survey of existing gazetteer projects that are taking historical places into account. This will enable us to find out which technologies and practices already exist, that can meet the demands of a gazetteer t...

Adaptive Hypermedia constitutes a large portion of the Web nowadays. Issues of personalization and adaptation become crucial for the efficient handling of the information on the Internet. However, current hypertext reference architectures still lack appropriate modularization and expressiveness in order to meet all the challenges of Web dynamics. In the same time, standards and technologies resulting from the field of Semantic Web and Web Engineering offer flexible solutions, applicable also to the needs of Adaptive ...

— Collaborative image annotation is a useful strategy for assigning a set of labels, or keywords to an image, taking into account its content. While existing collaborative image annotation frameworks facilitate sharing, indexing, and understanding of huge number of images, newly-developed methods let group of users manage dynamically-updating data. Conflict-free Replicated Data Type method, used in several collaborative systems, offers to distributed participants through the web a real support to concurrently annotate copies of shared image file regardless of their order. A major benefit of this method, therefore, is to provide a good framework for representing semantic stores and a good mechanism for solving the concurrent updating problem without complex control in collaborative image annotation process. In this paper, we propose a novel optimistic replication approach for collaborative replicated image annotation stores that ensures eventual consistency. We describe how Open Annotation Collaboration can be extended to further support real collaboration between users allowing them to work together effectively to achieve common goals.

— Nowadays, there are increasing interests in developing methods for synchronizing distributed triple-stores by ensuring eventual data consistency in distributed architecture. The most well-known of them have been designed to serve as a common replicated data type (CRDT), where all concurrent operations commute independently of the centralized control. In this context, CRDT has been proposed for semantic stores, such as SWOOKI, C-Set and SU-Set. However none of the exiting synchronization solutions mention how to ensure Causality, Consistency and Intention preservation criteria of CCI model. This paper proposes B-Set, a new CRDT for the synchronization of semantic stores. B-Set is designed not only to ensure convergence of triples replicas but also to preserve user's intentions integrated in distributed architecture. The sets of operations are also defined in order to allow concurrent editing of the same shared triple-stores.

Many web applications represented as Electronic-Learning Management Systems (EMLS), such as Moodle, e-Front, etc. are used to remote the educational courses. The educational resources will be available for users which can be accessed through the web anytime and anywhere. Thus, using EMLS will make the information available for the learners through the web. World Wide Web known as web 2.0 is used to create many sites such as blogs, wikis, and web applications. In addition to this, web 2.0 is used in many E-learning Systems (ELSs). However, due to the limitations of web 2.0 nowadays, web 3.0 is used in ELMS. The term Semantic Web (SW) was coined by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium ("W3C"), who oversaw the development of proposed Semantic Web (SW) standards. The SW promised to enable a new generation of intelligent applications by providing programs and software agents with rich and effective ways to share information and knowledge. Hence, using SW in e-learning will make the information be understandable by machines and the communication between human and machine agents will be based semantically. One of the main purposes of using SW is to create ELMSs that provide a relationship between user information and the ELS-content. Consequently, the next generation of ELS will be based on SW. This paper represents an overview of the SW technologies Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Ontology Web Language(OWL) applied on ELMSs. A general comparison between traditional ELMSs and Sematic-ELMSs (S-ELMSs) is made. Then a detailed comparison among different previous researches about S-ELMSs is addressed to extract and conclude the significant features. The depended concepts of comparison include: ELMS elements, SW technologies, Framework contents, and SW applications.

Web Engineering is going through several major changes. New promising application fields related to the Web such as the Semantic Web and Web Services, and its combination, Semantic Web Services, are transforming the Web from a mere repository of information into a new vehicle for business transactions and information exchange. However, the lack of integration among different Web Applications such as Web Portals and web services is hindering the potential leverage of the Web. In this paper, we present a novel approach for integration in Web engineering based on Semantic Web Services. Our approach enables the combination in a Tetrahedron of a fully-fledged architecture consisting of three layers. An application integration layer, a second layer based on goal-oriented and intelligent user-interaction and finally, a common middleware platform for Semantic Web Services. We describe the implementation of our architecture and its benefits by achieving full integration all over Web applications.

Abstrak Ontologi sebagai tulang punggung web semantik diperlukan pada berbagai domain. Ontologi yang didedain secara khusus untuk menangani pencarian informasi kendaraan bermotor sejauh ini belum ditemukan. Paper ini membahas pengembangan ontologi pencarian informasi kendaraan bermotor (OntoMotif). Selain menjelaskan spesifikasi kendaraan, OntoMotif juga mengakomodasi kepentingan penyedia jasa penjualan dan persewaan kendaraan bermotor dalam mempromosikan produknya. Metode pengembangan OntoMotif mengacu pada Ontology Development 101. Dari hasil pengujian, dapat dibuktikan bahwa OntoMotif mampu menjawab kebutuhan pencari informasi yang menggunakan berbagai macam kalimat tanya. Selain itu, dengan OntoMotif, query yang dibutuhkan untuk mendapatkan informasi relatif lebih sederhana. Diharapkan, OntoMotif akan menjadi acuan dalam rangka penyediaan data kendaraan bermotor dan propertinya yang sering kali ditanyakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Abstract Ontologi as semantic web backbone is required in all domains. Automotive information search ontology has not been found so far. This research discussed about development of automotive information search ontologi (OntoMotif). beside describing vehicles specification, this ontologi accomodate service providers (dealers or rental agency) needs in promoting their products. Step by step of development method of OntoMotif refers to the Ontology Development 101. The testing result prove that OntoMotif is capable to address the needs of information seeker using various interrogative sentences. Furthermore, by using OntoMotif, query required to get information is relatively simple. OntoMotif is expected to be a reference in providing data of vehicle and its properties that are often asked in daily life.

Semantic web service technology has a high potential for integrating heterogeneous applications. Web service capabilities are impossible to be used without having a precise service discovery mechanism. The increase in the precision of this mechanism depends upon taking QoS specification of services in service discovery process into account. Since using linguistic quantities in non-functional attribute description is popular, fuzzy logic is appropriate for being used in representation of non-functional attribute description. In this paper, a fuzzy logic-based framework is proposed which allows publication and subscription of semantic web services alongside with maintaining its consistency with standard UDDI and application of fuzzy synthetic evaluation and multi-objective decision-making algorithms. This framework allows increasing the consistency of interpreting request and service by natural language process (NLP) and thesaurus approaches on one hand and deferring interpretation time of non-functional aspects of published service on the other hand. Moreover, the proposed framework does not try to decrease subjectivity of discovery/publication request and attempts to find the most matched service to consumer's subjective request by separately taking individual consumer's preferences into account.