Skew

Abstract Document analysis is done to analyze entire forms (eg intelligent form analysis, table detection) or to describe the layout/structure of a document. In this paper document analysis is applied to snippets of torn documents to calculate features that can be used for ...

Speech disorders are very complicated in individuals suffering from Apraxia of Speech-AOS. In this paper , the pathological cases of speech disabled children affected with AOS are analyzed. The speech signal samples of children of age between three to eight years are considered for the present study. These speech signals are digitized and enhanced using the using the Speech Pause Index, Jitter,Skew ,Kurtosis analysis This analysis is conducted on speech data samples which are concerned with both place of articulation and manner of articulation. The speech disability of pathological subjects was estimated using results of above analysis.

A novel method for two-dimensional curve normalization with respect to affine transformations is presented in this paper, allowing an affine-invariant curve representation to be obtained without any actual loss of information on the original curve. It can be applied as a pre-processing step to any shape representation, classification, recognition or retrieval technique, since it effectively decouples the problem of affine-invariant description from feature extraction and pattern matching. Curves estimated from object contours are first modeled by cubic B-splines and then normalized in several steps in order to eliminate translation, scaling, skew, starting point, rotation and reflection transformations, based on a combination of curve features including moments and Fourier descriptors.

Video summarization methods attempt to abstract the main occurrences, scenes, or objects in a clip in order to provide an easily interpreted synopsis. The main aim of Video summarization is to provide clear analysis of video by removing duplications and extracting key frames from the video. Video Summarization will divide the frames of the video into blocks and calculating the mean, variance, skew, kurtosis histogram of every block and comparing the same with the corresponding blocks of the next frame. There are many different methods used for Key frame extraction in video Summarization. Some important methods are compared. The frame with highest mean is selected as the key frame. The best method is selected based on the color distribution.

Using a laboratory experiment we investigate how skew inuences choices under risk. We find that subjects make significantly riskier choices when the distribution of payoffs is positively skewed, these choices being driven in part by the shape of the utility function but also by subjective distortion of probabilities. A utility model with probability distortion calibrated on laboratory data is able to explain why most gamblers in public lotteries buy only a small number of tickets.

In this paper, we study skew constacyclic codes over the ring $\mathbb{Z}_{q}R$ where $R=\mathbb{Z}_{q}+u\mathbb{Z}_{q}$, $q=p^{s}$ for a prime $p$ and $u^{2}=0.$ We give the definition of these codes as subsets of the ring $\mathbb{Z}_{q}^{\alpha}R^{\beta}$. Some structural properties of the skew polynomial ring $ R[x,\Theta]$ are discussed, where $ \Theta$ is an automorphism of $R.$ We describe the generator polynomials of skew constacyclic codes over $\mathbb{Z}_{q}R,$ also we determine their minimal spanning sets and their sizes. Further, by using the Gray images of skew constacyclic codes over $\mathbb{Z}_{q}R$ we obtained some new linear codes over $\mathbb{Z}_{4}$. Finally, we have generalized these codes to double skew constacyclic codes over $\mathbb{Z}_{q}R$.

Let $R$ be a ring, $(S,\leq)$ a strictly ordered monoid and $\omega: S\rightarrow End(R)$ a monoid homomorphism. In this paper we study the ascending chain conditions on principal left (resp. right) ideals of the skew generalized power series ring $R[[S,\omega ]]$. Among other results, it is shown that $R[[S,\omega ]]$ is a right archimedean reduced ring if $S$ is an Artinian strictly totally ordered monoid, $R$ is a right archimedean and $S$-rigid ring which satisfies the ACC on annihilators and $\omega_s$ preserves nonunits of $R$ for each $s\in S$. As a consequence we deduce that the power series rings, Laurent series rings, skew power series rings, skew Laurent series rings and generalized power series rings are reduced satisfying the ascending chain condition on principal left (or right) ideals. It is also proved that, the skew Laurent polynomial ring $R[x,x^{-1};\alpha]$ satisfies \emph{ACCPL(R)}, if $R$ is $\alpha$-rigid and satisfies \emph{ACCPL(R)} and the $ACC$ on left(resp. right) annihilators. Examples are provided to illustrate and delimit our results.

Soil-abutment-structure interaction could affect the seismic response of bridges considerably. Skew angle might significantly influence the mobilized passive resistance of the backfill soil and the behavior of soil-abutment system due to the large induced in-plane rotations and translation of the superstructure, coupled with variations in stiffness and strength of backfill soil in skewed abutments. The current Seismic Design Criteria of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) does not include any special consideration for the skew angle effect on the passive capacity of soil-abutment systems. Previous experiments on skewed abutments were undertaken on abutments that were restrained against rotation with prescribed uniform displacements tested by gradually increasing lateral loads under static conditions, with no dynamic effect simulated. The effects of abutment rotation, impact on the abutment wall and dynamic earthquake forces were not studied. The overall objective ...

Understanding the behavior of skew bridges under the action of earthquakes is quite challenging due to the combined transverse and longitudinal responses even under unidirectional hit. The main goal of this research is to assess the response of skew bridges when subjected to longitudinal and transversal earthquake loading. The effect of skew on the response considering two- and three- span bridges with skew angles varying from 0 to 60 degrees is illustrated. Various pier fixities (and hence stiffness) and cross-section shapes, as well as different abutment