Sleep Hygiene

Convenience offered in accessing the Internet makes students very fond of using it, until sometimes not able to set the time to sleep well. This study aims to determine the relationship between internet addiction and sleep hygiene behavior at UNM’s students who is completing a thesis. The method used is quantitative research. Samples were obtained by using incidental sampling technique. Totaling 360 samples (N = 360) were obtained from nine faculty at UNM, with details of 201 male students and 159 female students (age 19-25 years). This study used analysis techniques Spearman Rank correlation test, then processed by the Statistic Package Service Solution (SPSS) 21 for windows. The results showed that the correlation between Internet addiction and sleep hygiene behavior that was equal to -0.487 (r = -0.487) with significant value was 0.000 (p <0.01). The value and significance of the correlation coefficient indicates that there was a negative relationship and very significant between internet addiction and sleep hygiene behavior at UNM’s students who is completing a thesis.

Keywords: Students, internet addiction, sleep hygiene behavior

Since ancient times, mankind has sought the elixir of youth and vitality. At the moment, when COVID-19 seizes our smile and saddens our lives, medical specialists
are looking for alternatives for people’s health to return to normal. This article highlights the benefits of melatonin, a scientifically proven diet recommended for the endogenous production of this polyvalent hormone with access to all cells of the human body. The article also contains practical advice on sleep hygiene, the melatonin program for vitality and the sleep quality assessment questionnaire. Melatonin represents the royal way of restoring the body in convalescence, boosting immunity and preventing premature aging. Let’s give it this chance every night, through an intelligent effort of will.

Keywords: melatonin, lifestyle, tryptophan, sleep hygiene, immunity

This research was conducted to investigate sleep hygiene levels of some university students with some socio-demographic information and to determine the factors affecting sleep hygiene. The descriptive type of this research was composed of 814 students in health departments of a university and 678 students who accepted to participate in the research study and who were missing or error in their forms. The students who participated in the study 69.9% were female and 30.1% were male. The mean sleep hygiene index score (SSHI) was 31.98±6.51 for female students, 34.49±7.38 for male students, and 32.74±6.87 for all students. It has been found that sleeping hygiene is adversely affected by the fact that sleeping hygiene is generally bad for students, especially for male students, and that living away from supervision by their parents, poor quality of life perceptions, smoking-alcohol abuse, excessive internet use and sleeping hours inconsistencies. It has come to the conclusion that students should be conscious about sleep hygiene.

Purpose

Due to lack of awareness and knowledge among the physicians sleep disorders are under diagnosed causing high morbidity. We aimed to assess the behavior, attitude and knowledge of sleep medicine among resident doctors.

Methods

Questionnaire based study: Med Sleep Survey questionnaires were distributed among 300 resident and intern doctors of University Hospital of Central India. Out of which 278 agreed to respond. Questionnaire consist of 10 questions assessing behavior and attitude each, also 30 questions assessing basic sleep knowledge. Data analysis was done by using Statistical Software Analyze it. Software Ltd. Version 2.03, 2007. The distribution of score for attitude and knowledge, t-test and one-way ANOVA were applied to mean values. Spearman's correlation was applied for determination of correlation between attitude & knowledge.

Results

Out of 300 subjects, 278 responded. 57.55% of respondents have 6 to 7.5 hours of sleep. 37.77% needed more than three cups of caffeinated products per day to maintain alertness (5.03% needed more than 6 cups per day). 9.35% often get trouble to sleep or stay asleep. 15.11% often fall asleep in class while studying. 6.12% get drowsy while driving. 58.63% agreed having interest in sleep medicine. 62.94% agreed to have sleep medicine in curriculum. 53.23% agreed to enroll in sleep medicine courses if available. Mean and mode scores of basic sleep knowledge were 12.51 ± 5.08 and 15 respectively. There was no correlation between attitude & knowledge among respondents (Resident - P=0.0858; Interns - P=0.8032; Interns plus residents - P = 0.3175).

Conclusion

Sleep behavior was accepted by majority of responders. Others were having responses suggestive of sleep disorders. Most of the responders have positive attitude to learn. The level of basic sleep knowledge implies that there is intense need to include sleep medicine in curriculum.

Study objectives: No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of sleep problems among the general population, healthcare workers, or COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the impact and prevalence of sleep problems among those categories.

Methods: APA PsycINFO; Cochrane; Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL); EBSCOhost; EMBASE; Google Scholar; MEDLINE; ProQuest Medical; ScienceDirect; Scopus; and Web of Science from 01 November 2019 to 05 July 2020. Additionally, four preprints servers (medRxiv.org; Preprints.org; psyarxiv.com; arXiv.org; biorxiv.org) were also searched for papers accepted after peer-review but not yet published and indexed. There was no language restriction. The random-effect models meta-analysis model were used with the DerSimonian and Laird methodology.

Results: Forty-four papers, involving a total of 54,231 participants from 13 countries, were judged relevant and contributed to the systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep problems during COVID-19. The global pooled prevalence rate of sleep problems among all populations was 35.7% [95%CI 29.4-42.4%]. COVID-19 patients appeared to be the most affected group, with a pooled rate of 74.8% [95%CI 28.7-95.6%]. Healthcare workers and the general population had comparative rates of sleep problems with rates of 36.0% [95%CI 21.1-54.2%] and 32.3% [95%CI 25.3-40.2%], respectively.

Conclusions: The prevalence of sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic is high and approximately affect 40% of people from the general and healthcare populations. COVID-19 active patients appeared to have higher prevalence rates of sleep problems.

This paper explores the content of the somniloquies of Dion McGregor, the most extensive sleep talker ever recorded, and compares these with dream content from normative male dreams on the Hall and van de Castle Content Scales (1966) and Hobson (et al., 1987) Bizarreness Scales. On the Hall and van de Castle Scales, the somniloquies contained significantly more female characters relative to males than for the norms, more familiar characters and friends, but fewer family members. The dreamer-as-character was much likelier to be either a befriender or an aggressor than in the normative dreams but much less likely to engage in physical aggression specifically.  There was less aggression, friendliness, or sex per character in McGregor’s narratives, as well as less of all three of these types of interaction total than for the norms, but much more self negativity.  There was a lower percentage of negative emotions, good fortune, and success, but the somniloquies were similar to the norms in their levels of misfortune and failure.    On the Hobson Bizarreness Scales, the McGregor somniloquies were not differentiated from dreams on 3 of 6 scales—having similar levels of discontinuity of plot, characters, object, or actions but had slightly fewer incongruities of plot, and many fewer instances of incongruity or  uncertainly of thought. These findings are discussed in terms of presumed brain activation differences—more frontal activation--and also in terms of McGregor’s (1964) personal idiosyncrasies.

[AMAZON LINK BELOW TO BOOK ITSELF -- TOC and book intro in downloadable .pdf]  Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams: The Evolution, Function, Nature, and Mysteries of Slumber explores the evolution, nature, and functions of sleep and dreams. The encyclopedia is divided into two volumes and is arranged alphabetically by entry. Topics include nightmares and their treatment, how sleep and dreams change across the lifetime, and the new field of evolution of sleep and dream. While this book includes ample material on the science of sleep and dreams, content is drawn from a broad range of disciplinary contexts, including history and anthropology.

Objective: This study investigated reliability, validity, and clinical relevance of the Adolescent Sleep
Hygiene Scale (ASHS) in Dutch adolescents.
Methods: The Dutch translation of the ASHS was administered to 186 normal-sleeping adolescents and
112 adolescents with insomnia. Their sleep variables were measured using sleep logs and questionnaires.
From the insomnia group, scores were also obtained after six weeks of cognitive behavioral therapy for
insomnia (n = 58) or waiting list (n = 22).
Results: The full scale of the ASHS had acceptable internal consistency. The results showed moderate to
strong correlations of the ASHS (domains) with sleep quality, sleep duration and chronic sleep reduction.
Furthermore, the Dutch ASHS was able to discriminate between normal sleepers and adolescents with
insomnia, and scores of adolescents with insomnia improved after treatment.
Conclusions: These findings confirm the importance of sleep hygiene in adolescent sleep, and contribute
to the validity of the ASHS and its applicability in research and clinical practice.

Sleep disturbances are the most commonly
reported psychological symptoms
in Britain.1 Prevalence estimates of
chronic symptoms accompanied by daytime
consequences range from 8–12% of
the adult population.2 Age-specific rates,
however, show a steady rise in prevalence
across the lifespan, from 3–5% at age
18–25 to 25–30% age 65 and over.2 At all
ages, women generally report higher
(though sometimes only marginally)
rates of insomnia than men. Insomnia
risk is also greatly elevated among those
with long-term health conditions.
Analyses controlling for age and gender,
for example, indicate that heart disease,
memory problems, depression and pain
are all independently associated with an
80–150% increased odds of insomnia
symptoms.3 Caring environments also
jeopardise sleep quality. Insomnia risk is
significantly increased among those providing
care at home for a dependent relative
or spouse.4 Hospitals (through, for
example, noise, unfamiliarity, patient
anxiety, association with acute illness
episodes, side effects of treatment regimens)
remain a robust and complex
cause of inpatient sleep disturbances.5
Incidence data are scarce but the General
Practice Research Database suggests an
incidence of all sleep disorder diagnoses of
12.5/1,000 patient years.6 Excluding noninsomnia
sleep disorders (eg obstructive
sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy),
insomnia diagnoses probably
account for at least half of these cases.

Bedtime procrastination is a prevalent cause of sleep deprivation, but little is known about why people delay their bedtimes. In the present research, we conducted a qualitative study with bedtime procrastinators to classify their self-reported reasons for later-than-intended bedtime. Participants (N = 17) were selected who frequently engaged in bedtime procrastination, but whose sleep was not otherwise affected by diagnosed sleep disorders or shift work. We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews and used thematic analysis to identify commonly recurring themes in the interviews. Three emerging themes were identified: deliberate procrastination, mindless procrastination, and strategic delay. For the form of procrastination we classified as deliberate procrastination, participants typically reported wilfully delaying their bedtime because they felt they deserved some time for themselves. For the category of mindless procrastination, a paradigmatic aspect was that participants l...

Sleep in childhood and adolescence is crucial for mental and physical health; however several researches reported an increasing trend towards a sleep deprivation in this age. Due to the lack of recent epidemiological studies in Italy, the aim of our study was to depict sleep habits and patterns in Italian children aged 1-14 years and to evaluate their relationships with video devices use (TV, tablet, smartphone, PC) and evening/night child activities. A structured interview was conducted during 2015 by 72 Family Pediatricians in 2030 healthy children aged 1-14 years by a cross-sectional survey named &quot;Ci piace sognare&quot;. Total sleep duration was calculated, 2015 National Sleep Foundation Recommendations were used as reference. Optimal sleepers were defined children sleeping in own bed all night without awakenings. Multivariable median regression was performed to identify predictors of sleep duration and multivariable logistic regression for predictors of optimal sleep. Total...

The aim: the sleep quality and physical performance play a vital role in older adults' well-being to maintain good overall health. Therefore, the parameters that have a role in sleep and physical capacity are crucial to achieve a healthy aging outcome. In this study, we aimed at comparing the quality of sleep and physical activity state of the elderly living in 5 nursing homes. Methods: the 181 elderly individuals living in 5 nursing homes were included in this cross-sectional study. Physical activity, sleep hygiene index and demographics were analysed using SPPS 23.0. Results: overall, 68.5 % of the participants were male, and 31.5 % were female. There was no significant correlation between the sleep hygiene scores and physical activity states (p > 0.05). Those who were divorced, those who were on at least one type of medication, those who smoked and those with poor perception of health had statistically significant difference in terms of the Sleep Hygiene Index (p < 0.05). Conclusion: other than findings of the presented study that influence sleep and physical activity, the many other factors in different geographical areas or cultures could be a reason that is interrelated with sleep quality and physical performance of older adults. In this study, for primary care and family physicians to boost the sleep quality of the elderly, we recommend improving their health perception, quitting smoking, discontinuing unnecessary medications, and increasing their social interactions.

Exploding head syndrome (EHS) is an under-recognized parasomnia characterized by a complaint of sudden loud noise or a sense of explosion in the head that usually occurs at sleep onset. This paper is a report of 6 patients diagnosed with EHS through a structured clinical interview and video-polysomnography (vPSG) recordings. We also reviewed the available literature that addressed the presentation and clinical and PSG characteristics of EHS. The case series included 4 men and 2 women of a mean age of 44.2 years (between 13 and 77 years). Their episodes were variable in expression, between a sudden firecracker-like explosion to a gun-shot sound, mostly as if happening inside the head. EHS is always associated with distress but never with pain. Five out of 6 patients had other sleep-related problems with a close relationship of EHS symptoms to comorbid sleep disorder manifestations and exacerbations. The vPSG recordings of 5 patients were unremarkable. An attack of EHS was documented ...

The aim of this study is to assess the sleep quality and sleep disorders (prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness) among occupational drivers in Iran and to determine which demographic factors and occupational habits are linked to road traffic accidents. In this analytic cross-sectional study 556 occupational road drivers from Shahroud city (in the northeast of Iran) participated, upon a prior verbal informed consent, during 2013-2014. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) standard questionnaire that scored on 7 point scale, the 8-item Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire and the 8-question STOP-Bang questionnaire along with demographic information and occupational data were used. To explore the independent factors associated with odds of poor sleep quality and road accident, multiple logistic regression models were used. Prevalence of previous road accidents, sleepiness while driving, and obstructive sleep apnea scored ≥ 3 in the study, and drivers accounte...

To compare cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) + antidepressant medication (AD) against treatments that target solely depression or solely insomnia. A blinded, randomized split-plot experimental study. Two urban academic clinical centers. 107 participants (68% female, mean age 42 ± 11) with major depressive disorder and insomnia. Randomization was to one of three groups: antidepressant (AD; escitalopram) + CBT-I (4 sessions), CBT-I + placebo pill, or AD + 4-session sleep hygiene control (SH). Subjective sleep was assessed via 2 weeks of daily sleep diaries (use of medication was covaried in all analyses); although there were no statistically significant group differences detected, all groups improved from baseline to posttreatment on subjective sleep efficiency (SE) and total wake time (TWT) and the effect sizes were large. Objective sleep was assessed via overnight polysomnographic monitoring at baseline and posttreatment; analyses revealed both CBT groups improved on...

We sleep for about a third of our lives. It is something we do in addition to work and other activities. The impression remains that sleep is simply inactivity of the body, a simple rest. However, studies in recent decades have shown that sleep is very active and involved in numerous benefits for physical and mental health. Chronobiology, a field closely related to sleep medicine, helps us understand the relevance of the subject. The article considers the sleep stages and how polysomnography objectively accesses them and other parameters. The sleep architecture is described. Emphasis is given to sleep apnea, its repercussions on overall health, and CPAP treatment. Sleep hygiene, as a method for providing good sleep, and pharmacological treatment, especially for insomnia, are discussed. There is no doubt that we must sleep and sleep well.
Keywords: sleep; chronobiology; polysomnography; sleep architecture; sleep hygiene.

Dormimos cerca de um terço de nossas vidas. É algo que fazemos além do trabalho e de outras tantas atividades. Resta a impressão de que dormir seria uma inatividade do organismo, simples repouso. Estudos das últimas décadas, no entanto, demonstraram que o sono é bastante ativo e envolvido em inúmeros benefícios para a saúde física e mental. A cronobiologia, campo intimamente relacionado à medicina do sono, auxilia-nos a compreender a relevância do tema. O artigo aborda as fases do sono e como a polissonografia as acessa objetivamente e a outros parâmetros. A arquitetura do sono é descrita. Ênfase é dada à apneia do sono, a suas repercussões para a saúde em geral e ao tratamento com CPAP. A higiene do sono, enquanto método para um bom sono, e o tratamento farmacológico, em especial para a insônia, são abordados. Não restam dúvidas quanto a termos que dormir, e bem. Palavras-chave: sono; cronobiologia; polissonografia; arquitetura do sono; higiene do sono.

2020, Vol: 7, Issue: 2
7 / 2 Current Issue Online First Archive Aims ans Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles
   
Applied Medical Research. 2020; 7(2):(81-94)
doi: 10.5455/amr.20201013


Applied investigation at Life Science, Hygiene, Biomedical Research in Medieval Islamic Civilization

Mohammadreza Shahidipak

Abstract
There is a hypothesis in history of medicine that is based on human heritage of medieval civilization and today in postmodern period it is referred to as medievalism or a return to medieval teachings for reconstruction of societies. A large part of this historical capital belongs to Islamic civilization in field of, hygiene, environmental protection and life sciences, which has a practical application in changing behaviors of individual and society. The subject of science of life and health is man and city as place of his creation, which is an international issue and belongs to the human race in all places and times. One of medieval events is emergence and movement of Islamic urban planning based on changes in lifestyle and health and environmental protection, The Islamic city was formed in an atmosphere of connection between preserving spiritual character of Man and preserving its material character, Part of social theology of Islam is teachings of life sciences and health, and in Islamic civilization, several specialized texts were compiled in this field. Islamic scientist as Avicenna, Averroes in medieval did a lot of research on biological which led to the emergence of hygiene, life science and nutrition. History of science have been attributed to Islamic scholars, many biological studies the most important of which are: Invisible microorganisms As a factor in transmission of disease and pathological issues in recognizing blood components and controlling its disruptive systems, toxicology and its applications, exercise and nutrition and bath therapy and explaining the medical properties of food, the environmental effects of climate and embryology and finding models an animal biology that resemble and the causes and ways of treating epidemics, etc. In Islamic civilization, from advent of Islam to end of medieval, there is an evolving and evolving collection of research in field of health and life sciences which started from health teachings of Prophet of Islam and after six centuries of development has been compiled by Averroes (1198). As medical encyclopedia that is universal root of biological and health knowledge until twentieth century. special quarantine facilities and exclusive hospital for special life of some patients such as leprosy first appeared in Islamic civilization in north africa called;”AL- Demneh." paper applied finding is that a kind of individual and social hygiene theology was formed in medieval which still ensures individual and society health.

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases that severely affects the patients' quality of sleep Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and positive psychotherapy on sleep quality in women with MS Materials & Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. The study population included all women with MS referred to the Guilan MS Association in the summer and fall of 2019 who were selected by purposive sampling method. They were randomly assigned in three groups of 15 people for reality therapy training, positive psychotherapy, and control group. Both experimental groups received eight 90-minute sessions of psychotherapy interventions, but the control group received no training. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS version 22. Results: Both reality therapy and positive psychotherapy significantly improved sleep quality in women with MS (P<0.01). Also, based on the results, the sleep quality of the reality therapy group showed a greater and more significant improvement compared to the positive treatment (F=19.43, P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, both methods have good practical capabilities for clinical interventions to improve sleep quality in patients with MS. Reality therapy is more effective than positive psychotherapy on the quality of sleep in women with MS.

Previous research has demonstrated that digital CBT (dCBT), delivered via the Internet, is a scalable and effective intervention for treating insomnia in otherwise healthy adults and leads to significant improvements in primary outcomes relating to sleep. The majority of people with insomnia, however, seek help because of the functional impact and daytime consequences of poor sleep, not because of sleep discontinuity per se. Although some secondary analyses suggest that dCBT may have wider health benefits, no adequately powered study has investigated these as a primary endpoint. This study specifically aims to investigate the impact of dCBT for insomnia upon health and well-being, and will investigate sleep-related changes as mediating factors. We propose a pragmatic, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of 1000 community participants meeting criteria for insomnia disorder. In the DIALS trial (Digital Insomnia therapy to Assist your Life as well as your Sleep), participants w...

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Sleep is referred a regular, recurring and easily
revocable state of organism which is characterized by relative
immobility and significant increase in response threshold to
environmental stimuli sleep disorders are common among
haemodialysis patients.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sleep
hygiene education on sleep quality in haemodialysis patients.
Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized controlled
clinical trial. The participants of this study were 60 haemodialysis
patients admitted to the Dialysis Center of Shahid Ayatollah
Madani Hospital of Khoy, affiliated with the Urmia University
of Medical Sciences. Sampling was done randomly and the
partcipants were randomly divided into intervention group
(30 patients) and control group (30 patients). Sleep quality of
participants was measured before and after the intervention by
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Training process for sleep
hygiene behaviours was presented to the participants face-toface. The data were analysed using SPSS 16.
Results: A significant difference in the mean (standard
deviation) score for PSQI (p<0.001) was observed before and
after intervention in the intervention group, while in the control
group, the difference was not significant (p=0.704), In addition,
a significant difference was observed in the mean (standard
deviation) score for PSQI between the two intervention and
control groups after the educational intervention (p=0.034).
Conclusion: Sleep hygiene education, alongside other approaches, is a low-cost, accessible, and practical method which
can be implemented within a short period of time.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of educational strategies on sleep quality and its relation to diabetes-related distress and glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Materials and methods: Randomized clinical trial involving two groups. Group 1 (G1, n = 45) received verbal guidance and leaflets on sleep hygiene strategies and group 2 (G2, n = 46) received usual health care guidelines on self-care with the feet. Sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory and diabetes-related distress by the Diabetes Distress Scale. Linear mixed-effects models and linear regression model were used for the statistical analysis. Results: At the end of the follow-up, sleep quality improvement (p = 0.02) was verified in G1. Low diabetes-related distress score (p = 0.03), being male (p = 0.02), belonging to G1 (p = 0.002), and age (p = 0.04) contributed to better sleep quality. Conclusion: Educational guidelines on sleep hygiene in patients with DM2 were effective...

Background: The effect of individual sleep hygiene education on sleep quality components remains largely unknown during pregnancy. This study aimed to assess the effect of a short-term sleep hygiene education during prenatal care visits on pregnant women with poor sleep quality. Methods: A quasi-experimental study, designed as a preand post-test with a single group, was conducted on 32 pregnant woman with poor sleep quality. All the participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The women with good sleep quality and symptoms of severe depression and high stress were excluded from the study. Sleep hygiene education was presented face to face within 25 minutes. A Persian educational booklet, according to the routines of prenatal care visits during the first trimester of pregnancy, was also provided. PSQI, as the primary outcome, and sleep hygiene index (SHI), as the secondary outcome, were measured a...

Introduction: Sleep deficiency among adolescents has been recognized as a serious Public Health concern globally. This study aimed to evaluate relationship between age, gender, ESS, sleep hygiene practice and myths/concepts about sleep among Indian adolescents. Material and methods: After obtaining permission from schools and guardians, a cross-sectional study using an online survey questionnaire was conducted among school-going adolescents in class 8 to 10, between 13-17 years of age, in Mumbai region of India. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using Epworth Sleepiness Scale for children and adolescents (ESS-CHAD). Sleep myths were converted in questions to check awareness about sleep myths/concepts. The data obtained was computed and was analysed using SPSS software. Results: 5041 students were included, of which 2174 were female (43.1%) and 2867 (56.9%) were male. Majority of the students were in Class 10 (n=2237, 44.4%). The mean age of the participants was 14.98 ± 0.913 years. Significant correlation between age, ESS score (p=0.00), sleep concept score (p=0.001) and sleep practice (p <0.01) was noted. Gender did not affect ESS, sleep concept score and sleep hygiene practice. Conclusion: Significant correlation was observed between the ESS score, sleep concepts and sleep hygiene practice. Gender had no co-relation with ESS, sleep concept score and sleep hygiene practice.

Have you ever had a nightmare in which you scream out and no matter how hard you try, no sound comes out? You can really feel the effort you are putting into that scream and that is because your voice box is actually making the micro-movements of a scream whilst you are asleep. The same applies when you speak words in dreams. Scientists are now decoding what you say in dreams by translating these silent voice box micro-movements into speech.

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sitä, miten nukkumista ohjeistettiin 1800-luvun lopun ja 1900-luvun alkukymmenten suomalaisessa terveysvalistuksessa ja mitä hyvän unen avulla tavoiteltiin. Artikkelissa kysytään myös, ketkä nukkumisohjeita laativat, kenelle ne oli suunnattu ja millaisesta ajattelutavasta ne kumpusivat. Unihygienia eli nukkumiseen ja liittyvät ohjeistukset olivat osa kansainvälistä hygienialiikettä, joka oli vahvimmillaan juuri 1800-luvun loppupuolella. Ne liittyvät myös suomalaiseen sivistyneistön kasvatusprojektiin, jonka tavoitteena oli vahva, terve ja siveellinen kansa. Artikkelin tutkimuslähteinä ovat terveysoppaat, terveydenhoitoalan lehdet ja nukkumiseen liittyvät ohjeistukset sanoma-ja aikakauslehdistä 1800-luvun puolivälistä 1930-luvulle. Nukkumista koskevissa ohjeissa näkyvät ajankohdan terveydenhoitokeskustelulle tyypilliset ihanteet: kohtuullisuus, säännöllisyys, siveellisyys ja puhtaus. Puhtaudella lähteissä tarkoitetaan sekä konkreettista puhtautta, kuten raitista ilmaa makuuhuoneessa tai säännöllisesti vaihdettavia vuodevaatteita, että henkistä puhtautta. Ohjeistuksella pyrittiin valistuksen kautta ohjaamaan suomalaisia kohti terveyttä ja hyvänä ja oikeanlaisena pidettyä elämää. Artikkelissa todetaan, että nukkuminen on kulttuurisesti, historiallisesti ja sosiaalisesti määrittynyttä.