Spies

Las novelas de espionaje son un género acreditado que concitan la atención de numerosos lectores (entre los cuales se encuentra servidor, aunque solo por períodos). Las historias de espías son posiblemente más antiguas, pero no solían formar parte de la Gran Historia. Con las dos guerras mundiales la situación cambió radicalmente. Todavía recuerdo cómo, cuando me estrenaba de modesto aprendiz de historiador, tuve que lidiar con un tema que sigue dando vueltas, ahora más bien por los meandros de la subhistoria.

Gracias a Sorge y a su frenética actividad Stalin pudo jugar al póker con los japoneses y retirar potentes fuerzas armadas de Siberia. Con ellas trató de contrarrestar la ofensiva nazi en su frente occidental. Así, sin colmar de bendiciones a su espía alemán pudo incidir decisivamente en la marcha del ya declarado segundo conflicto mundial. En el curso de este, y por una serie de canales, los soviéticos llegaron a enterarse de que los anglo-norteamericanos estaban trabajando en lo que terminaría siendo un artefacto de nuevo tipo en el arte de la guerra: la bomba atómica. Con su empleo sobre Hiroshima y Nagasaki en el verano de 1945 se abrió una nueva etapa en las relaciones internacionales de seguridad y, de hecho, en la historia política, económica, social y cultural de nuestro planeta.

Spanish Abstract: En su teoría sobre la interacción estratégica, Erving Goffman muestra cómo las dinámicas de control de la información y de la infiltración de informantes en las líneas enemigas no son únicamente una cuestión de espionaje internacional o de servicios secretos. La vida cotidiana, tal como nos la desvela el análisis de Goffman, es una especie de guerra fría, y nuestras parejas, familiares, amigos y allegados son objeto de nuestra infiltración — como nosotros los somos de la suya. La autoinfiltración, el espionaje a uno mismo, es la culminación lógica y corolario de esta perspectiva sobre la interacción estratégica. Extraemos asimismo algunos aspectos útiles para la teorización del dominio perspectivístico en una narratología cognitiva.

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English Abstract: Goffman's theory of strategic interaction shows how the dynamics of information control and the infiltration of informants behind the enemy lines are not solely a matter of international espionage or secret services. Everyday life, as unveiled by Goffman's analysis, is akin to cold war, and our partners in a couple, our next of kin, friends and neighbours are the object of our infiltration — as we are, likewise, of theirs. Self-infiltration, espionage on oneself, is the logical culmination and corollary of this perspective on strategic interaction. Some aspects which may be useful for the theorization of topsight and perspectival dominion within a cognitivist narratology are also emphasized.

This book tells the history of Cambridge from the earliest Roman and Anglo Saxon inhabitants through to the notorious Cambridge Spies, who actively spied for the Soviet Union in the 1950s. Told in an accessible manner, and illustrated throughout, the contents are:
1. Etheldreda: Born a Princess, Died a Saint
2. Vanquished by the Vikings: the sacking of Cambridge
3. Fire, Death and Murder at the Fairs: Stourbridge and Midsummer Fairs
4. Jousting Tournaments: history of jousts at Cambridge
5. The Black Death: death in Cambridge
6. Peasants' Revolt: attacks on Cambridge colleges during the revolt
7. Bloody Mary's Revenge on Cambridge
8. Burnt at the Stake: John Hullier, the Protestant Martyr
9. Bear-Baiting: cruel sport in Cambridge
10. Witches and Witchcraft: women killed for being witches
11. Bull-Baiting: more cruel Cambridge sports
12. The English Civil War: the fortification of Cambridge
13. Oliver Cromwell's Missing Head
14. Pressed for an Answer: Peine Forte et Dure
15. One in the Eye for Sir Isaac Newton
16. Highway Robbery: highway men in Cambridge
17. Branding: punishment for crimes
18. Bloody Burwell Fire: the death of 70 innocent people
19. Dick Turpin: his time hiding in Cambridge
20. Cockfighting: history of cockfighting at Cambridge
21. The Resurrection of Tristram Shandy - death of Laurence Stearne: grave robbers steal his body for dissection in the university
22. Cambridge Gallows: the tragedy of those hung at Cambridge
23. The Tragical Death of the Revd Samuel Reeve
24. The Chimneysweep Burglars: thefts from colleges
25. Elizabeth Woodcock and the Curse of the Three Tuns Inn
26. General Tom Thumb Causes a Riot
27. Sister Act: The Cambridge Arsenic Poisoners
28. The Three Tuns Inn: Den of Thieves
29. Burned Alive
30. Bloody Students: The Battle of Town and Gown
31. Fatal Bumps: death on the river Cam
32. Suffragette's Protest
33. The Great War: the role the university played in WWI
34. The Judases Who Betrayed from Within: the story of the Cambridge spies: Blunt, Burgess, Philby, MacLean, and others
35. The Enigma of the Second World War: the role Cambridge played in cracking the German enigma codes at Bletchley Park

Also attached are reviews of the book in the Cambridge News by Emma Higginbotham and a piece about Oliver Cromwell's Head, taken from the book.

Reviews Mark A. Bradley's _A Very Principled Boy: The Life of Duncan Lee, Red Spy and Cold Warrior_ in the  _American Communist History_ (Volume 14, Issue 2), peer-reviewed journal of the academic association Historians of American Communism (HOAC)
ID: 1013716 DOI:10.1080/14743892.2015.1013716

ID: 1013716 DOI:10.1080/14743892.2015.1013716
Reviews Mark A. Bradley's _A Very Principled Boy: The Life of Duncan Lee, Red Spy and Cold Warrior_ in the  _American Communist History_ (Volume 14, Issue 2), peer-reviewed journal of the academic association Historians of American Communism (HOAC)

The UK January 1910 general election was fought against a background unique in British history. A constitutional crisis had been caused by the House of Lords' rejection of the Budget, with the threat of the creation of many new Liberal peers to ensure its passage if it should be rejected a second time in the event of a Liberal victory at the polls. In addition, the Government was fighting to retain its position after the landslide victory of 1906. The size of the 1906 Liberal victory meant that a swing to the Unionist opposition was almost inevitable in 1910, meaning that any gains by the Liberals would be likely to be the result of local factors. Darlington in the North of England's County Durham was one of the seats which the Unionist had held in 1906 (albeit against a Labour Party candidate with Liberal support) but it is unlikely they could have foreseen their candidate's defeat. At first sight the Unionist candidate had all the advantages on his side. He was a member of the Pease family which had given the town its MPs since 1885. The family had supplied many MPs for surrounding constituencies, and had been involved in the development of much of the North East's industry, starting with the Stockton & Darlington Railway in 1825. The Pease family was based in Darlington and many in the town were either directly employed by them or owed their jobs to the industries the family had brought to the town. This is the background I. T. T Lincoln found when he arrived in Darlington as the Prospective Liberal Candidate. A most unlikely candidate who within nine months was the town's MP. Lincoln was a Hungarian Jew, still a national of that country when adopted as the candidate, with a past including such diverse occupations as journalism, religious preaching and evangelizing, and social researcher, and he was still only 30 years old. This dissertation provides an explanation of how Lincoln could defeat a sitting MP who seemed to have all the advantages on his side, including belonging to a party which made sweeping gains at that election. Chapter 1 summarizes Lincoln's life. Chapter 2 deals with the Pease family and its influence on Darlington's economic, social and political life. Chapter 3 deals with the election campaign, the result, and reactions to it. The concluding chapter tries to explain Lincoln's surprising victory.

Mit diesem Buch legt Laura di Fiore, eine der ausgewiesensten Historikerinnen der süditalienschen Risorgimentogeschichte, eine anregende Studie zum politischen Überwachungsapparat des bourbonischen Königsreichs vor. Die Grundlage bietet eine ganz hervorragende Quellenüberlieferung in staatlichen und privaten Archiven. Im Zentrum steht der Nexus von Polizei und Politik. Der Ursprung der politischen Polizei ist im revolutionären Frankreich zu verorten. Mit der Eroberung Süditaliens durch die napoleonischen Truppen und der Schaffung des Königreichs Neapels wurde das von Napoleon neu organisierte Polizeiwesen importiert. 2017 hat Jacques-Olivier Boudon zu diesem Thema mit seinem Buch "L'Empire des polices. Comment Napoléon faisait régner l'ordre" eine grundlegende Studie vorgelegt, in der er sich vor allem auf die Organisation und die Akteure konzentriert. Laura De Fiore wählt einen ganz anderen Ansatz, sie interessiert vielmehr die Seite der Betroffenen, der Umgang mit ihnen und ihre Verunglimpfung, dabei bedient sie sich des neueren Forschungsansatzes der Surveillance Studies. Völlig zu Recht, verweist sie auf eine bestehende Forschungslücke. Während zu dieser Materie vergleichsweise viele Studien zum Ancien Régime und zum 20. Jahrhundert vorliegen, gibt es deutlich weniger Arbeiten zum langen 19. Jahrhundert. Die Monographie besteht aus zwei Teilen. In den ersten Kapiteln geht Di Fiore der Entstehung der politischen Polizei zu Zeiten der Könige Joseph und Murat (1806-1815) und den sich anschließenden Diskussionen während der ersten Restauration über dieses System nach. Im zweiten Teil des Buches stehen die konkreten Überwachungsmaßnahmen nach der Revolution von 1848-1849 und die letzten zehn Jahre der bourbonischen Herrschaft im Zentrum, in denen eine deutliche Verschärfung und Verbesserung der polizeilichen Maßnahmen zu verzeichnen ist. Die Einführung des französischen Polizeimodells 1806 bedeutet einen wirklichen Wendepunkt, zuvor bestand ein Zuständigkeitsdschungel von Verwaltungen, Institutionen und Personen, in der napoleonischen Zeit wird das Polizeiwesen zentralisiert und alle Aufgaben werden einer staatlichen Institution anvertraut. Nach der Wiederkehr der

The Study of 18th-century European Freemasonry – New directions

Freemasonry was a major component of European political, cultural, social and intellectual life throughout the eighteenth century. The objective of this volume is to familiarize Hungarian readers with current trends, methods and problems concerning the study of eighteenth century European Freemasonry. There is clearly a need for such a volume since the history of Hungarian Freemasonry has not yet been integrated into European scholarship. Prior to the 1980s, the study of Freemasonry remained largely the province of conspiracy theorists, sensationalist authors and masonic amateurhistorians. Since then, many long-established masonic myths and speculations have been repeated and remain unquestioned even in academic scholarship.
The first historiographical paper in the volume highlights the current scholarly debates and problems related to research in eighteenth-century European Freemasonry and points out areas for further research. Márton Szentpéteri analyses the early modern roots of masonic temple symbolism. Jan A. M. Snoek introduces and illustrates the allusive method based on the poly-interpretability of texts,
which is used in almost all masonic rituals. Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire’s paper provides a novel impetus to research concerning the relationship between Freemasonry and Judaism during the Enlightenment. Róbert Péter explores the gender aspects of 18th-century English masonic writings and practice as well as examining the first adoption lodges and their rituals in England. Réka Lengyel gives an introduction to the status of the copies of the 19th-century Dég archives stored in the National Archives of Hungary, which contains invaluable and unexplored sources about the history of Freemasonry and other fraternal orders in Central and Eastern Europe. Olga Granasztói investigates the hitherto overlooked controversial activities of spies in Hungarian masonic lodges in the late 18th century. The editors of this issue are Róbert Péter and Márton Szentpéteri, the copy editor is Réka Lengyel. We are most grateful to Jan A. M. Snoek and Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire for granting us permission to publish the translations of their articles. We owe special thanks to the Grand Orient of Hungary for its contribution to the translation costs.

You can download the entire issue at the following link:
https://iti.btk.mta.hu/images/kiadvanyok/helikon/Helikon_2016_4.pdf

In the months following the bombiing of Pearl Harbor, a Japanese Sub bombed the coast of Santa Barbara, California during a raid in the early evening on a February night in the early 1940's. The Japanese Commander had delivered oil to a refinery at Ellwood Oil Field a few years earlier, to which he fell down and was acosted by several of the oil field employees. A minister reported seeing the sub and said it went South towards Los Angeles, but in fact, the sub went West back to Japan. What ensued the following day was entitled 'The Battle fo Los Angeles' and was in the news for several days across the country, as the Army set up barricades from Pomona to Santa Monica and a barrage of gunfire towards a set of lights that flew in the sky across the entire county that evening and 'The Battle of Los Angeles' went into the archives as a sort of UFO experiment and no Japanese fighters were actually found, although they were reported beforehand. This is a Draft Script of part of the First Act of a Film Script pertaining this instance in history

This paper offers an overview of my PhD Thesis, outlining chapters that will be covered, as well as considering the methodology that will be utilised when addressing matters of Visual History and Visual Humour. Two key resources are used throughout which are the collection of cartoons by 'Poy' (Percy Fearson) and details from the London Mail both of 1914-15.

The UK January 1910 general election was fought against a background unique in British history. A constitutional crisis had been caused by the House of Lords' rejection of the Budget, with the threat of the creation of many new Liberal peers to ensure its passage if it should be rejected a second time in the event of a Liberal victory at the polls. In addition, the Government was fighting to retain its position after the landslide victory of 1906. The size of the 1906 Liberal victory meant that a swing to the Unionist opposition was almost inevitable in 1910, meaning that any gains by the Liberals would be likely to be the result of local factors. Darlington in the North of England's County Durham was one of the seats which the Unionist had held in 1906 (albeit against a Labour Party candidate with Liberal support) but it is unlikely they could have foreseen their candidate's defeat. At first sight the Unionist candidate had all the advantages on his side. He was a member of the Pease family which had given the town its MPs since 1885. The family had supplied many MPs for surrounding constituencies, and had been involved in the development of much of the North East's industry, starting with the Stockton & Darlington Railway in 1825. The Pease family was based in Darlington and many in the town were either directly employed by them or owed their jobs to the industries the family had brought to the town. This is the background I. T. T Lincoln found when he arrived in Darlington as the Prospective Liberal Candidate. A most unlikely candidate who within nine months was the town's MP. Lincoln was a Hungarian Jew, still a national of that country when adopted as the candidate, with a past including such diverse occupations as journalism, religious preaching and evangelizing, and social researcher, and he was still only 30 years old. This dissertation provides an explanation of how Lincoln could defeat a sitting MP who seemed to have all the advantages on his side, including belonging to a party which made sweeping gains at that election. Chapter 1 summarizes Lincoln's life. Chapter 2 deals with the Pease family and its influence on Darlington's economic, social and political life. Chapter 3 deals with the election campaign, the result, and reactions to it. The concluding chapter tries to explain Lincoln's surprising victory.