Stanley Fish

Matt 1:17 indicates that Jesus' genealogy is formed by three series of fourteen generations; however, this total number of generations does not match the preceding list in Matt 1:2-16. Interpreters have proposed multiple ways to understand this inconsistency which have yet to be collected and evaluated. A double literature review displays the limitations of this seemingly insoluble biblical conundrum. This article presents the tension between verse 17 and verses 2-17 of Matthew's gospel as a puzzling reading experience that can best be described, in line with Stanley Fish, as a self-consuming artifact: an experience of incongruity in which the text and the reader are transformed through a process of negation. This approach also highlights other potential reversals in Matthew 1, such as Davidic traditions, that can yield a renewed outlook on this gospel.

This book review is for Essays on the Medieval and the Renaissance: Things Old and New co-edited by Ágnes Matuska and Larisa Kocic-Zámbó. The volume is a fresh rethinking of things old and new in both Medieval and Renaissance literatures and scholarships. It covers a wide range of texts starting from Tudor drama, plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries, and eventually Milton. Transdisciplinary in its approach, the volume re-examines old paradigms of criticism from within to bring to the fore new readings and findings and to contribute to English studies in Hungary. The essays rely upon different approaches including digital humanities, film and drama studies, and social and cultural criticism.

Academic writing classes typically focus on "real world" content.  A model essay of a particular type (e.g., cause & effect) is introduced, analyzed and then "applied" to a particular real world topic (e.g., climate change).  While such an approach is certainly necessary in order to place writing into a meaningful context, the focus on "real world" content can become a distraction, as students to learn to grasp meaning but fail to acquire the linguistic competence necessary to produce meaning on their own.  Studies in stylistics suggest that language acquisition requires a recurrent focus on form.  Widdowson (2003), for example, recommends the use of literary texts, such as poems, which are disconnected from contexts and thus draw attention to their own form.  Fish (2011) goes even further, suggesting the use of "nonsense" texts which force students to focus on form and create meaning for themselves.  This presentation aims to promote the use of non-academic texts, such as poem, jokes and nonsense, as a necessary supplement to academic writing classes.

The aim of this essay is to illustrate the concept of reader-response criticism as presented by Stanley Fish in Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics. I shall define the main ideas that this type of interpretation has brought to literary criticism, point out the essential oppositions to new criticism and try to display its strong points as well as its weak points.

The aim of this thesis is to clarify the role that female interpreters in Britain played at an early stage in the canonisation of William Shakespeare. Shakespeare, one of the popular playwrights in English Renaissance theatre, became increasingly famous during the first half of the eighteenth century, and the Shakespeare Jubilee in 1769 marked the climax of the popularisation of his works. It is said that since then, he has maintained his position as the ‘national poet’ of England (or Britain). Although women had supported Shakespeare even before his works had established their canonical status, the extent to which female interpreters contributed to the canonisation of Shakespeare, how they participated in the process, and why they played the roles that they did have not yet been sufficiently visible. In this thesis, I illustrate women’s engagement in the process of the popularisation of Shakespeare by examining the early reception of his works, and to document how individual women’s pleasure of reading and playgoing relates to their intellectual activities. I adopt three approaches to provide answers to my research questions in this thesis: reading critical and fictional works by women; analysing the descriptions of female readers and playgoers by male writers; and conducting a large-scale survey of the ownership history of pre-mid-eighteenth-century printed books of Shakespeare’s plays.
      This thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, I analyse women’s engagement with theatre in Renaissance England, and consider Shakespeare’s popularity amongst them based on records about female audiences. The second chapter discusses female readers and writers in Renaissance England and their responses to Shakespeare’s works. Chapter 3 focuses on Restoration Shakespeare and female interpreters from 1642 to 1714. The fourth chapter discusses women’s playgoing, play-reading, writings, and their participation from the early eighteenth century to the Shakespeare Jubilee in 1769.

Die hier vorgelegte Arbeit versucht im Wesentlichen zwei Forschungs-desiderate aufzuarbeiten und Asymmetrien in der bisherigen Auseinander-setzung mit diesen Bereichen auszugleichen:
- Es lässt sich ein markanter Kontrast beobachten zwischen (a) den Be-mühungen, Rezeptionsforschung und -theorie als wissenschaftlichen Ansatz theoretisch zu fundieren, und (b) der Situation, dass bis heute kein grundsätzlicher Versuch unternommen wurde, die aus diesen Po-sitionen (und nahezu allen anderen literaturtheoretischen Positionen) hervorgehenden Lesermodelle systematisch zu erfassen und hinsicht-lich Vergleichbarkeit herstellender Kategorien in Relation zueinander zu setzen.
- Darüber hinaus zeigt sich ein nicht geringeres Ungleichgewicht zwi-schen (a) dem Aufwand, mit dem die Editionsphilologie eine metho-disch standardisierte oder zumindest explizit reflektierte Sicherung von Primärtexten als Vorbereitung der Textinterpretation betreibt, und (b) der philologischen und editionsphilologischen Aufmerksam-keit, die Sekundärtexten eingeräumt wird, wenn es sich um einen ebensolchen Umgang mit ihnen handelt.
Während im Kernbereich dieser Dissertation Lesermodelle verglichen und hinsichtlich ihrer Funktionalisierbarkeit für eine historisierende Literatur-wissenschaft geprüft werden, formuliert der diesen Kern umschließende Teil der Arbeit eine theoretische Begründung und einen methodischen Entwurf der historisierenden Rezeptionsanalyse selbst. Diese soll als sys-tematische Quellensichtung, -sicherung und -reflexion verstanden werden und Rezeptionszeugnisse realer Leser für hermeneutische, aber auch im weitesten Sinne empirische Ansätze der historisierend ausgerichteten Lite-raturwissenschaft vorbereiten und fruchtbar machen.

Esta contribución, empezando con la confrontación de Is There a Text in This Class? de Stanley Fish, aspira a reproponer la relevancia de la experiencia estética del texto literario como una premisa de la interpretación y la modalidad de construcción de la literariedad del texto. Una teoría de la literariedad que, a través de teorías como las de Iser, Jauss, Eco y la estética propuesta por Genette, se cuestiona sobre los problemas de la validez de la interpretación desde el punto de vista del llamado Efecto Literatura (M. Charles). Si tiene sentido, como propone Genette en Figures IV, volcar el eslogan barthesiano Desde la obra al texto, se debe distinguir entre el efecto del texto y la apertura de la obra, pensando también en las tres lecturas de Jauss en Ästhetische Erfahrung und literarische Hermeneutik en el marco de su hermenéutica de la alteridad. Haciendo así, se puede afirmar que la pregunta ¿Qué cosa hace la literatura?, ya ambigua de por sí, pueda hacerse depender de las características formales del texto, como texto de ficción y texto de estilo, así como también de las condiciones de recepción contextuales, subjetivas o colectivas, retomando la propuesta genettiana de una combinación de literariedad constitutiva y literariedad condicional presente en su Ficción y Dicción. Esto significará mantener una distinción metodológica entre la teoría de la lectura y la teoría de la interpretación, revaluando la experiencia estética sui generis de la lectura, criticando en parte la teoría de las comunidades interpretativas de Fish, y reproponiendo aquella calibrada reunión entre hermenéutica y análisis estructural.

Can we think of a Benedictine cloister around the year 1000 as reminiscent of a modern prison or a mental asylum? Was the monastery a medieval type of Erving Goffman's 'total institution' or Benthanian panopticon thoroughly structuring the thoughts and practices of its inmates? What did the power relations between the groups of monks in medieval St Gall look like? Wojtek Jezierski's thesis explores and expands the connection between the medieval forms of monastic life and modern social theories. It investigates the patterns of persecution and exclusion, the exercise of power and surveillance, as well as violent conflicts between the conventuals and their abbots. It analyzes also the social components of monastic habitus and subjectivity in the monasteries of St Gall, Fulda, Bury St Edmunds and others. Finally, the study examines the strategies monks used to cope with the demands made on them by the external lay world, i.e. the political, social, and cultural liaisons between claustrum and saeculum. Wojtek Jezierski (b. 1979) studied history and social anthropology the University of Warsaw. He conducts research at the Department of History and the centre for Medieval Studies, Stockholm University. This book is his PhD thesis.

In “Responding to Religious Patients: Why Physicians Have No Business Doing Theology,” Jake Greenblum and Ryan Hubbard draw from John Rawls’s Political Liberalism and its central concept of “public reason” to argue that physicians have a duty to avoid engaging the religious grounds cited by patients in medical decision making conversations. “Public reason” is an empty but prestigious concept that allows medical professionals to smuggle their own substantive  judgments as public reasons while dismissing the ethical judgments of outsiders as “sectarian.” The rhetoric of “public reason” insulates medical institutions from the disruptive forces of pluralism while providing a face-saving way of managing physician burnout and trauma by authorizing disengagement from distressed religious patients.

Although Wolfgang Iser is one of the most influential literary theorists of the twentieth century, there is no authoritative study about his oeuvre. The present work remedies that problem by analysing Iser’s German and English writings in detail. Apart from being the first comprehensive account of his work, this study also modifies the established view of Iser’s theory. In contrast to the idea that his only contribution to literary studies is the reception theory of the 1970s, this account demonstrates the importance of Iser’s work on history and anthropology from the 1950s and 1990s. Instead of exclusively focusing on familiar terms such as ‘indeterminacy’, this analysis also discusses Iser’s view of modernity, fiction and culture. As this discussion shows, his writings develop a consistent theory of the novel and the way in which it allows its readers to articulate new views of reality. To situate this theory, Iser’s institutional and intellectual background is described as well, paying special attention to the Poetik und Hermeneutik-circle and thinkers like Blumenberg and Kermode. The continued relevance of his theory is demonstrated via comparisons with recent research on the novel and memory as well as examples from contemporary novelists like Juli Zeh and Hilary Mantel.

The First is an intervention into the present-day free speech controversies that begs for our attention. Unfortunately, Fish’s new book does little to clarify the issues and in fact only compounds them by introducing a parade of specious homologies and straw man arguments. With his characteristic slipperiness, Fish is a sophisticated postmodern leftist who contrives convoluted arguments for proscribing expression that he doesn’t like.

If liberalism is premised on inclusion, pluralism, and religious neutrality, can the separation of church and state be said to have a unitary and rational foundation? If we accept that there are no self-evident principles of morality or politics, then doesn't any belief in a rational society become a sort of faith? And how can liberalism mediate impartially between various faiths—as it aims to do—if liberalism itself is one of the competing faiths? J. Judd Owen answers these questions with a remarkable critical analysis of four twentieth-century liberal and postliberal thinkers: John Dewey, John Rawls and, most extensively, Richard Rorty and Stanley Fish. His unique readings of these theorists and their approaches to religion lead him to conclusions that are meticulously constructed and surprising, arguing against the perception of liberalism as simple moral or religious neutrality, calling into question the prevailing justifications for separation of church and state, and challenging the way we think about the very basis of constitutional government.

Er(r)go,
czym jest druga strona dyskursu? Oczywistością, oczekującą odkrycia, czy po-dwójną, bo konstruowaną, nieoczywistością metafory i entymemy? Świat jako stabilny, choć ciągle odległy cel poznania, czy jako hipotetyczny projekt nomadycznej i niepewnej myśli? Historia jako makro-narracja czy konglomerat mini-opowieści, epistemologia czy retoryka, prawda oczywista czy relatywna? (Artykułem Grzegorza Dziamskiego wybiegamy już tematycznie do numeru trzeciego "Er(r)go"). Panracjonalizm czy adogmatyzm? Rze(czy)wistość = o(czy)wistość? Jak widać, obydwie wątpią w siebie zawoalowanyini morfemami.

Współczesne spory metodologiczne podziały na postmodernistów i tradycjonalistów, na wątpiących i pewnych, metaforystów i scjentystów, konstruktywistów i esencjalistów zawierąją się w postawie wobec oczywistości. Dla jednych oczywiste jest oczywiste, nawet, jeżeli trzeba drążyć, by je poznać; dla drugich oczywiste jest nieoczywiste, nawet jeżeli samo narzuca się wiedzy. Ale i tu desakralizacja fundamentów poznania staje się swoistym pogańskm sacrum, wpędzającym nas w kolejną serię dualizmów. Wielka narracja o unicestwieniu wielkich narracji. Anty-anty-anty-...-realizm.

Otaczamy czułą podejrzliwością dyskurs własny i dyskurs innego. Z dobrotliwą przemocą wytyczamy granice nawiasu (nie-)oczywistości. Poszukujemy nietrwałej i opalizującej przestrzeni między le dit a le dire. Nie ustajemy w wysiłku tłumacza, stale przekładając dualizmy na pluralizm, nierzadko powracając do punktu wyjścia, teraz już paradoksalnego. Każda dwoistość zawiera/otwiera jednak szczelinę, jedynie z pozoru pustą. Pozornie skazani na dualizmy, zapominamy czasem dopuścić do głosu Trzeciego.

Wojciech Kalaga

In the face of the growing influence of postmodern culture, the Christian Church is wrestling with new ideas which relativize meanings of texts, sometimes in alarming ways. This thesis is an effort to reconcile relativity of meaning in interpretation by synthesizing a few tenets of reader-response theory with Ludwig Wittgenstein’s theory of meaning as expressed in his work on aspect perception. The result is a model of meaning which acknowledges reader experience as the primary engine for interpretation, although not to the neglect of authorial intent, appropriate methodology, and universal truth. The model ultimately offers a framework and language for understanding the mechanics of interpretation as well as a paradigm for evaluating one’s own attitude, or hermeneutical disposition, toward authors, readers, texts, and interpretation.

This paper uses the example of an extra-curricular Graphic Novel Reading Group in order to explore the institutional critical reading practices that take place in English classrooms in the senior years of secondary school. Drawing on Stanley Fish’s theory of interpretive communities, it questions the restrictive interpretive strategies applied to literary texts in curriculum English. By looking closely at the interpretive strategies pupils apply to a different kind of text (graphic novels) in an alternative context (an extra-curricular space), the paper suggests that there may be other ways of engaging with text that pupils find less alienating, more pleasurable and less reminiscent of ‘work’.

Este trabalho analisa se, no Brasil, pode haver uma relação entre o quanto a liberdade de expressão é valorizada e o quanto a liberdade política é exercida, especialmente considerando a pervasividade contemporânea da internet. O World Values Survey (WVS) é mobilizado para possibilitar uma abordagem estatística da questão. Teorias da liberdade são discutidas, em especial os conceitos negativo, positivo e republicano de liberdade. A seguir a liberdade de expressão é explorada, com referência à legislação, ao conceito como formulado por Mill e expandido por autores como Haiman, Baker, Sunstein e Fish, e à fundação teórica da ligação entre a valorização da liberdade de expressão e a participação política encontrada em Dahl. O conceito de participação política é então discutido, com foco no surgimento do conceito na tradição intelectual ocidental e nas formas de participação categorizadas pela teoria política contemporânea. Os dados providenciados pelo WVS são analisados, e dão suporte apenas a uma fraca correlação positiva entre a valorização da liberdade de expressão e a participação política. Conclui-se com uma avaliação da relação entre as ideias de participação e expressão.

Palavras-chave: Liberdade. Liberdade de expressão. Participação política. World Values Survey.

L’Affaire est la suivante : tout commence par une « catastrophe de la fortune », ou plutôt une avalanche de « catastrophes de la fortune ». C’est le beau nom que Lamartine donne aux terribles déboires financiers qui l’étranglent et, au début de l’année 1856, l’étau se resserre, il faut, il faut trouver de l’argent, coûte que coûte, pour éviter la faillite publique. « Cherchez des scribes. Ne perdez pas une heure. Cela doit se faire à un sou la lettre au plus. Vite, à l’œuvre, et réponse. Il faut le faire à peu près confidentiellement . »  De quoi s’agit-il ? D’une entreprise éditoriale d’ordre peu commun : une publication périodique dont Lamartine sera « l’unique rédacteur » et qui doit paraître une fois par mois, à partir de mars 1856 .

Berna Köseoğlu – Metin Toprak, Kocaeli Öz 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren edebiyat alanında önemli bir paradigma değişikliğinin gerçekleştiği söylenebilir. Bu değişiklik genel olarak edebiyat kuram ve eleştirilerinin o güne kadar ihmal ettiği ancak en başından itibaren edebiyatın en önemli parçası olan okurun yeni bir yönüyle keşfedilmesi ve yeniden tanımlanmasıyla gerçekleşir. Yazar ve onun yazdığı metin karşısında o güne kadar edilgen bir rol biçilen okur, dönemin koşullarının da elverişli olması nedeniyle aşama aşama etken bir role büründürülür. 1970'li yıllardan itibaren ise okurun bu özelliğini ele alan bir dizi yeni bakış açısı ve yaklaşım ortaya çıkar. Özellikle Almanya, Amerika ve Fransa'da ortaya çıkan bu yaklaşımların her birisi beslendikleri felsefi geleneğin etkisi altında farklı bir okur modeli geliştirirler. Bu çalışmada bu farklı okur modellerinden üç tanesi incelenerek okur kavramı ile neyi veya kimi kastettikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu üç farklı yaklaşımın ele alınmasındaki amaç ise, günümüzde edebiyat metnini anlamlandırmada etken bir rol üstlenen okuru tanımlamak üzere kullanılan " postmodern okur " modeline katkılarının olup olmadığını sorgulamaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Okur, anlam, yorum, okuma, boş alan, okurun bilinçaltı, öngörülmüş okur, bilgi sahibi okur, Iser, Fish, Holland. Abstract The Postmodern Reflections of Modern Theories: The Role of the Reader in the Reader Response Literary Theory From the second half of the 20 th century, it can be expressed that a paradigmatic change took place in the field of literature. This change came into view when the new role of the reader was discovered and when a new definition was put forward about the reader, who was generally ignored by the literary theorists and critics until that time but in fact who has played the most important role in literature from the very beginning. The reader, who had a passive status in front of the author and the literary work s/he produced, has gradually acquired an active position since the circumstances of the period were appropriate. From 1970s, a vast number of new perspectives and philosophical understandings dealing with the reader's new role came to the fore. Each of these perspectives, particularly those emerging in Germany, America and France, under the effect of the philosophical traditions leading them to emerge, introduced a different reader model. In this study, three of these different reader models have been analysed in order to discuss how they describe and define the concept related to the reader. By dwelling on these three different perspectives, what is questioned in this article is whether or not these understandings have contributed to the " postmodern reader " model which has been employed to define the position of the reader, who has a significant role nowadays in identifying the literary texts.

Lecteur modèle, lecteurs empiriques et tensions interprétatives dans l'oeuvre de Michel Houellebecq / Raphaël Baroni, in journée d'études "Le lecteurs et ses autres (2)" organisée, sous la responsabilité scientifique de Marie-Josée Fourtanier, par le laboratoire "Lettres, Langages et Arts : Création, Recherche, Émergence, en Arts, Textes, Images, Spectacles" (LLA CREATIS) en collaboration avec l'Équipe de Recherche sur les Rationalités Philosophiques et les Savoirs (ERRAPHIS), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès-campus Mirail, 20 juin 2014.

Dans le prolongement des travaux sur la lecture subjective menés autour du "Texte du lecteur" et du séminaire "Réception des oeuvres et créativité des lecteurs-auditeurs-spectateurs", les différents intervenants de la seconde saison ont interrogé, sans souci d'inventaire, les autres du lecteur. Par ce vocable, dont l'emploi peut sembler énigmatique, nous entendons, entre autres, les souvenirs enfouis issus de l'histoire personnelle du lecteur, les scénarios fantasmatiques tissés par son inconscient et activés par les oeuvres de fiction, le bruissement des diverses communautés interprétatives auxquelles il participe, le frayage des langages et des langages qui médiatisent son apport aux autres et au monde.

On his New York Times "Think Again" blog, Stanley Fish has added new fuel to an old debate on the relevance of the humanities for moral improvement and for the cultivation of the citizen virtues. Fish, to some extent the liberal academy's very own Rush Limbaugh, unmasks ...

SUMMARY The aim of this chapter is to employ the concept of " interpretive communities " as developed by Stanley Fish, a noted contemporary literary critic, as a tool for accounting for the patriarchal biases in selected Qur'anic exegetical works of the verse 4:34 , both past and present, primarily in socio-historical terms. I divide elements contributing to the patriarchal nature of community of interpretation as follows: i. personal opinion of the exegete regarding the nature of masculinity and femininity coupled with shared socio-cultural norms and mores regarding the nature of masculinity and femininity ii. approach to gender based beliefs and customs in normative texts iii. lack of integration of gender1 as an analytical category employed for purposes of interpretation. By focusing on the sociological, historical (and to a lesser extent textual aspects of interpretative communities insofar as how they interacted with the other two) characterized and held together by patriarchy, I argued that when conceptualized through the concept of Fish's " interpretive communities " the patriarchal exegesis of Qur'ān 4:34 can be explained as a result of adoption of patriarchy as a " reading strategy " which trapped and compelled the (neo-) traditional exegetes in espousing patriarchal interpretation of the text in question. As a corollary, Fish's theory predicts that a continued subscription to patriarchal values and ethics.

Kiedy w ostatnim rozdziale powieści Gwiazda daleka Roberta Bolaño pojawia się Bruno Schulz, utwór na chwilę zyskuje znamiona opisywanej przez Todorova niezwykłości. Krótki fragment, w którym bohater czyta dzieła zebrane drohobyckiego autora, może więc przyczynić się do wzmożenia aktywnego współdziałania czytelnika w ustalaniu sensu utworu.
Elementy teorii i krytyki literaturoznawczych stanowią jeden z głównych składników twórczości Bolaño, niekiedy ukryte w aluzjach, innym razem na samej powierzchni tekstu. Tropienie (poniekąd derridiańskich) śladów pozostawionych przez Schulza w Gwieździe dalekiej ma na celu zobrazowanie mechanizmu działania nie tylko potencjalnego odbiorcy Bolaño, lecz także postępowania samego pisarza jako autora, czytelnika i krytyka (a zwłaszcza krytyk krytyków). Ponadto, umożliwia ukazanie specyficznej teorii literatury wyłaniającej się z samego tekstu.
Według Bolaño, działanie krytyka zasadniczo powinno być formą głębokiej, kreatywnej lektury z aspiracjami egzegetycznymi lub diatrybicznymi. W niniejszych rozważaniach, przyjąwszy uprzednio postawę proponowaną przez pisarza (zmodyfikowaną przez wpływ Richarda Rorty’ego), opiszemy, jak skupienie uwagi narratora na oczach Schulza i wrażeniu bycia obserwowanym prowokuje refleksję na temat fokalizacji w powieści Bolaño, relacji łączącej mówiącego i patrzącego, a także nad bachtinowską koncepcją bohatera jako punktu widzenia.
Proponujemy lekturę Gwiazdy dalekiej przez filtr twórczości Schulza, asocjacyjne tworzenie narracji nadbudowanej nad treścią utworu. Nawiązując do wniosków i metafor współczesnych krytyków Bolaño, a także do idei przenośności Enrique Vila-Matasa, ukażemy twórczość chilijskiego autora jako perpetuum mobile stymulacji poszerzania osobistych słowników lub encyklopedii.

The short version is this - reader response theories are essential to explaining what Christians have called 'the clarity of Scripture' although the idea is threatening to most.

When we speak of Scripture’s clarity we refer to the relationship of the text and the readers; we confess that the text’s relationship with Christian readers and Christian readers’ relationship with the text is described in terms of the light of the text and the enlightenment of the readers. We seek to occupy the landscape of the text’s vision—to live as those whose way in the world is created by the text itself. In this respect Christians have been interested in the ethics of the interpreter, not just the ethics of interpretation.

This book explores the nature of artistic and literary imagination, creativity, aesthetic experience, and genius, while offering a critique of the post-structuralist assault on transcendent values.  This involves distinguishing between the aesthetics of art and the sociology of art, a subject addressed in Part 1.  In Part 2, the principal arguments by major thinkers, such as Pierre Bourdieu, Norman Bryson, Jacques Derrida, Terry Eagleton, Stanley Fish, Michel Foucault, Paul de Man, Edward Said, Barbara Herrnstein Smith, and Hayden White, are subjected to an analytical critique.

Sözlü iletişim ortamında vukû bulan dinleme alışkanlıklarından okuma pratiğine geçerken, bir dinleyiciden okura evrilen her okur, Kafka’nın ünlü hikâyesinin adı değiştirilerek söylenecek olursa artık yazının önündedir. Okuma tecrübesi içinde okur, başkası değil yalnızca kendisi için açılacak bir kapının önünde durur. Yine de okurun yazı önünde olmaklığı vurgusu, bir metni anlama ve yorumlama tarihinde Platon’dan Derrida’ya değin süregelen yazı/ses karşıtlığında yazıyı merkeze alan bir tavır olarak görülmemelidir. Okurun anlam üretmesinde yazının açmış olduğu imkân alanı kadar, tamamen yazı içine hapsolarak metnin söyleyen, konuşan dünyasından uzaklaşmanın yol açacağı sorunlar mevcuttur. Okurun edebî metin karşısında anlam üretmesi yazı önünde, ancak metnin söyleyen dünyası eşliğinde gerçekleşebilir.
Yazının Önünde: Edebî Metnin Anlamının Teşekkülünde Okurun Rolü, sahip olduğu hermenötik perspektif eşliğinde, okurun yazı önündeki anlam arayışını, Batılı teorik tartışmaları dışarıda bırakmadan ve son dönem Osmanlı edebiyatında dönüşen okuma ve anlama ortamını dikkate alarak irdeliyor. Çalışmada, yazılı kültüre aşina okurun inşasında Ahmet Mithat Efendi metinlerinin üstlenmiş olduğu role, Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil ve Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın’ın okurluk tarihinde söz konusu olan dönüşüm üzerinden yer açılırken, Türk Edebiyatında modern okur sorunu Ahmet Mithat Efendi okumalarında görülen fenomenolojik boyut üzerinden tartışılıyor.

The Biblical World is a comprehensive guide to the contents, historical settings, and social context of the Bible. This new edition is updated with several new chapters as well as a new section on biblical interpretation.

Contributions from leading scholars in the field present wide-ranging views not just of biblical materials and their literary and linguistic context, but also of the social institutions, history and archaeology, and religious concepts. New chapters cover topics such as the priesthood and festivals, creation and covenant, ethics, and family life, while a new section on biblical interpretation discusses Jewish and Christian bible translation and key thematic emphases, and modern reader-response and cultural approaches.

This revised edition of The Biblical World offers an up-to-date and thorough survey of the Bible and its world, and will continue to be an invaluable resource for students and scholars of the Hebrew Bible and New Testament and their history and interpretation, as well as anyone working on the societies, religions, and political and cultural institutions that created and influenced these texts.

Stanley Fish is the major American theorist of post-structuralist reader-response criticism, and contributed to the extension to literary studies of the pragmalinguistic theory of speech acts. His critique of formalist linguistics has also been influential. This paper criticises Fish's theories on the arbitrariness of literary meaning, starting from the shortcomings of his linguistic theory, and more specifically of his notion of the structure of the speech act. This critique includes a discussion of the concepts developed by Austin and Searle in their theories of speech acts.
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Stanley Fish es el máximo exponente norteamericano de la estética de la recepción postestructuralista, y se cuenta entre quienes extendieron a la literatura la teoría pragmalingüística de los actos de habla. También es célebre su crítica de la lingüística formalista. Este artículo critica sus teorías sobre la arbitrariedad del significado literario tomando como punto de partida las insuficiencias de su teoría del lenguaje, y más en particular la interpretación que hace Fish de la estructura del acto de habla, en una discusión de los conceptos desarrollados por Austin y Searle.