Subtraction

This study examined the effects on math performance of the use of the rekenrek, a manipulative developed by Adrian Treffers. The rekenrek looks like an abacus, but differs in that it is based on a five-structure and not a ten-structure system. It is comprised of two rows of 10 beads, each broken into two sets of 5 by color (i.e., in each row the first 5 beads are red and the next 5 are white). Forty-five students with learning disabilities were divided into three equivalent groups based on their pretest scores: Group 1 received instruction using rekenrek, Group 2 received instruction without rekenrek, and Group 3 received no instruction. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Scheffe post-hoc test. Results indicated that students in Group 1 scored significantly higher on an addition and subtraction test with numbers from zero to 20 than did students in either Group 2 or 3. Use of multiple-regression analysis confirmed that the results were significant and meaningful....

Abstract: We find the applications of complex numbers in almost all fields of modern science and engineering. Due to its much application a lot of research work is underway to reduce the computation requirements for the Complex binary numbers. Recent research indicates ...

Abstract: We find the applications of complex numbers in almost all fields of modern science and engineering. Due to its much application a lot of research work is underway to reduce the computation requirements for the Complex binary numbers. Recent research indicates ...

Recent analysis in computer vision has more and mor e targeted on building systems for observant humans and understanding their look, activities, and behavior providing advanced interfaces for interacting with humans, and making smart models of humans for numerous functions. In o rder for any of these systems to function, they req uir methods for detecting people from a given input image or a vide o. Visual analysis of human motion is currently one f the most active research topics in computer vision. In which the moving human body discovery is the mos t critical piece of the human body movement examina tio , the design is to recognize the moving human body fr om the foundation picture in feature successions, a d for the subsequent treatment, for example, the objective or der, the human body following and conduct understan ding, its compelling location assumes an essential part. Huma n ovement investigation concerns the discovery, fo llowing and acknowledgment of individuals practic...

ABSTRACT Before starting school, many children reason logically about concepts that are basic to their later mathematical learning. We describe a measure of quantitative reasoning that was administered to children at school entry (mean age 5.8 years) and accounted for more variance in a mathematical attainment test than general cognitive ability 16 months later. We present the test’s subscales, its test-retest reliability and its specific relationship to a more advanced mathematical reasoning test, used to assess children aged seven to nine years, which predicts mathematical achievement at 11 and 14 years, after controlling for IQ and working memory. The use of this test as an assessment for mathematics learning in preschool or at the start of primary school could help teachers of young children identify those who might benefit from specific instruction on quantitative reasoning in order to prevent difficulties in mathematics learning.

ABSTRACT This study was designed to investigate the cognitive level of development and mathematical fluency of first grade children. Piaget's conservation-of-liquid task was administered to 97 6-and 7-year-old children from two low-socioeconomic-level elementary schools. Using a counterbalanced design, conserving and non-conserving children completed separately timed lists of addition and subtraction problems. Two one-way analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) were conducted to evaluate the fixed-factor of conservation level (con-serving and non-conserving) and the two dependent variables (addition and subtraction fluency); age was a covariate. After controlling for the effect of age, the results suggest that conserving children were signifi-cantly more fluent in completing addition and subtraction problems than non-conserving children. Overall, children in the same grade and of the same age were at different levels of cognitive development; these levels had an effect on both addition and subtraction fluencies.

The effect of a mathematic flashcard application on a hand-held computing device was examined across three individual second grade students with learning and behavioral disabilities. All of the students improved their subtraction scores by an average of 17% as measured by the district-created, curriculum-based assessment. The results of this study suggest that practice on a mobile computing device with a mathematic flashcard application can improve subtraction skills in second grade students with disabilities.

Young Filipino children are expected to solve mathematical word problems in English, a task which they typically encounter only in schools. In this exploratory study, task-based interviews were conducted with seven Filipino children from a public school. The children were asked to read and solve addition and subtraction word problems in English or Filipino. Analysis focused on how language influences problem solution, and on the reading and mathematical strategies used. Results showed that children (a) were better able to comprehend and solve problems given in Filipino, (b) rarely used reading strategies, (c) were not familiar with using drawings or objects to represent word problems, and (d) employed unitary counting procedures for problems involving multi-digit numbers.

We present a research report on addition and subtraction conducted with Down syndrome students between the ages of 12 and 31. We interviewed a group of students with Down syndrome who executed algorithms and solved problems using specific materials and ...

Abstract: This two-volume teacher's guide is to be used with a first-semester, third-grade mathematics program. The program is in large part the outgrowth of involvement with children and was influenced by information gathered in an extended pilot project ...

Page 1. COGNITIVE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND MATHEMATICAL FLUENCY OF FIRST GRADE CHILDREN THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of Texas State University-San Marcos in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of ARTS by ...

This article gives a comparative analysis of the way in which Lacanian psychoanalysis and Alain Badiou's mathematical ontology understand the category of the real, respectively, as the foundation of individual subjectivity or the name of being-as-being. A number of shifts in focus arise from the fundamental difference in the location of the void: from the individual act to the collective event; from death drive to immortal truth; from subjective destitution and cathartic purification to transformative interventions and constitutive thought. These shifts are exemplified, elaborated and analysed through a close reading of the thinkers' respective commentaries on Sophocles' Antigone. Foregrounding what is philosophically at stake in these differences, the article defends Badiou against Lacanian critics (most notably Slavoj Žižek and Eleanor Kaufman) by examining the ethical and political force of his innovation.

... Birch b , E-mail The Corresponding Author , Erica Fanning b , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Deborah Jaspen b ... a result, it is recommended that schools incorporate empirically supported instructional programs and interventions into the curriculum (Stoiber & Kratochwill ...

The deletion of specific genomic sequences is believed to influence the pathogenesis of certain diseases such as cancer. Identification of these sequences could provide novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of disease. Here, we describe a simple and robust method called cloning of deleted sequences (CODE), which allows the selective cloning of deleted sequences from complex human genomes. Briefly, genomic DNA from two sources (human normal and tumor samples) was digested with restriction enzymes (e.g., BamHI, BglII, and BclI), then ligated to special linkers, and amplified by PCR. Tester (normal) DNA was amplified using a biotinylated primer and dNTPs. Driver (tumor) DNA was amplified using a non-biotinylated primer, but with dUTP instead of d7TP After denaturation and hybridization, all the driver DNA was destroyed with uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG), and all imperfect hybrids were digested with mung bean nuclease. Sequences deleted from the driver DNA but present in the tester...