Suburbia

This paper aims to study the conflicts that arise from the ever-present need for housing and urban expansion, with a primary focus on creating an identity for these communities on the edge. It studies the shifting paradigm of the suburban community and proposes to reimagine the image of suburbia to balance out urban encroachment on rural landscapes through foodscaping the architecture. Concepts of communal living and communal food growing are explored spatially using design as a research tool to better understand how foodscaping can create a sense of place and social cohesion. The capacity of design to bring people together and increase social cohesion is explored through architecture that encourages communal food growing. These ideas form a preface to help broaden views of sustainable suburban living. These hypotheses are explored at different scales: from the urban scale to the building fabric scale. This study reflects on how to make in-between spaces into places; thereby giving them an identity and further exploring the way people would interact within these places using food production as a mediator. Thereby reflecting on how design at the urban scale affects the architecture of a building and vice versa. Conclusively, communal living could provide the necessary platform where the boundaries between the urban form and the building create opportune spaces to harmoniously manoeuvre the hierarchy of the private-semi-public-communal spaces while addressing food security of its citizens. INTRODUCTION While this study is not primarily focused on urban design and the form of settlements per se; it still attempts to understand the wider city context and the dynamics of its relation to the way people live in communities on the edge and the reciprocal impact it makes as a whole on the city itself. Focusing on suburban farming in semi-public spaces ranging from urban design to architectural design level, the spatial definitions of social relations, identity and quality of life of citizens within those spaces are analysed. Thereby using food production as a mediator, the Research Question to be explored is as follows: How can Communal food growing increase social cohesion and help to reimagine the image of 'Suburbia'?

http://placesjournal.org/article/swingsites-for-singles/  The singles apartment complex originated in Southern California in the late ’50s and by the ’70s had spread nationwide, attracting attention with magazine stories illustrated with images of wet young flesh. Today they can seem a tawdry relic of a vanished era, yet the “swingsites” were a creative form of housing — and even a force for social progress.

In the periphery, arrays of self-storage facilities are part of the light industrial landscape of warehouses and ex-urban alienation. Within the urban fabric, storage buildings represent both container and camouflage architecture, and are perfect examples of what Professor Crawford calls " background buildings. " 1 Self-storage facilities are an architectural typology worthy of study, and not only for their growing impact on the city and suburban sprawl, or for the uncanny ability to mimic other design typolo-gies and adapt to the target market. They can be examined in terms of building type and construction methods. From the economic point of view, storage facilities are compelling: they are a by-product of shopping/goods architecture, consumerism and planned obsolescence. They embody currently popular issues of surplus and clutter/hoarding. The issue of " material excess " becomes an (ex) urban pathology , endemic to a culture of wholesale commerce and warehouse buying experiences. The clutter culture can be mapped and becomes tangible in the form of the " country of storage facilities " , a veritable document to " stuff obesity ". The current rise of self-storage facilities is also a physical reminder of the consequence of changes in social and living conditions. How do we, as architects and urban designers, confront the typology of the self-storage facility and the new urban/exurban enclaves that these commercial containers of space have created? How can we better understand the nature of the singularly camouflaged " housing of stuff " often found in the downtowns of second-tier U.S cities? The content of these buildings, the " user " if you wish, is constituted entirely of stuff we cannot or do not wish to fit in our homes. What is it that we store, and why?

Australia is the most suburbanised country on earth. The ' Australian Dream' of a house in the suburbs has long reflected the sense of entitlement that urban Australians have to the financial security, private space and amenity that the Dream promises. Since around the turn of the century, governments at every level have been attempting to arrest suburban sprawl for its negative social, environmental and economic impacts. However, neoliberal economic and planning environments have exacerbated regulatory failure, so attempts to create compact cities have done little to provide genuine alternatives to suburban life or address low-quality sprawl in newly built outer suburbs. Unrestrained house price inflation, assisted by an investor-friendly taxation regime, has led to a situation where the housing outcome, the Dream, enjoyed by previous generations is becoming impossible. Overlaying this is an ideological environment that pits the suburbs against the inner city as a battle in the 'culture wars' and serves to obliterate any nuance, diversity or possibility for progressive change into the public debate. Fig. 1: New outer suburban development under construction in Springfield Queensland.

The international standard ISO 140-5 for the measurement of the sound insulation
of building façades will be replaced by the new standard ISO 16283-3 soon.
Together with solving a few limits of the existing standard, the review is going
to introduce the procedures for measurements at low frequencies. This paper
investigates the uncertainties related to the position of the instruments in sound
insulation measurements of building façades. The positions proposed by the international
standard ISO 140-5 are compared with those proposed in other standards
and with the draft standard prISO 16283-3. The limits of measurement
of the sound pressure level in front of the façade are investigated by comparing
different placements both of the external source and the receiver. This shows that
the average among different measurements is necessary in order to reduce the
effect of interferences. The average of the sound pressure levels in different
microphone positions is easier than the average obtained by movements of the
loudspeaker. Later, different placements of the receiver inside the rooms are
compared. In particular, corner and center room positions are assessed and their
energy-average values according to the ISO 16283-1 are considered. Finally, the
uncertainties related to equipment positions are discussed and suggestions to
improve the future ISO 16283-3 are reported.

Early 20th century birthed a radical phenomenon across several cultures and nations- the demarcating of certain public space for primarily leisure purposes. From India to the United States, urban parks became a symbol of democracy, openness, and freedom as they emerged from a protracted struggle to shift from the hands of the State or imperial power to that of the masses. There was much euphoria about their unregulated and public character, reflecting a new age of modernization and civilization. Yet, over time, it has been revealed how contentious the process of shaping, regulating, and sustaining of public parks can be as well as its pluralistic and transcultural nature. Interestingly, the 21st century is celebrating the birth of another leisure space that shares this rhetoric of being open, free, universal, non-utilitarian, and democratic: social network sites. As the Net shifted from the hands of the State to that of the user, its leisure spaces have been looked upon as sites where regardless of gender, age, and/or culture, people can commune, browse aimlessly, socialize and share their views openly. Yet, important concerns are emerging on what constitutes as openness, universality and democratic as governments to corporations are finding ways to architect and manage these virtual geographies and, users are harnessing these sites for a range of activities.

Thereby, by drawing parallels between urban parks and social network sites, this project aims to highlight the historical aspect of leisure spaces and provide a much needed rootedness in this highly speculative media discourse. The historical and comparative investigation to parks is innovative, as it will debunk much of the hype surrounding social network sites as a novel and unprecedented space for communication. Given that social network sites have a short and primarily Western-centric history of usage, the development and evolution of parks across nations allows for a fresh and transcultural perspective to this topic. Methodologically, using this real/virtual comparative strategy has become an essential means to understand online spaces. In fact, it is impossible to not evoke physical spaces to conceptualize virtual spaces. So we find ourselves on the information highway, at the electronic frontier, chatrooms, home pages, to MUD lobbies. In fact, this project builds on the popularly accepted parallel of the Net as the digital city, propositioning thereby, that its common public leisure areas are its virtual parks.

While the project strives to critique the public, democratic and free for all notions of contemporary leisure spaces, online and offline, for feasibility purposes, it focuses specifically on 3 areas of timely importance: (a) open and closed systems (b) private and public domains, and (c) work versus play dimension to leisure sites, emphasizing notions of corporatization, commercialization and the privatization of leisure spaces. Also, the diversity of parks such as industrial parks, theme parks to community parks will emphasize the pluralistic aspect of social network sites. Further, this project brings together disciplines of media studies and history of technology through an original avenue of urban planning, emphasizing the spatial aspects of technology and media practice. Given that most studies on new media spaces are artifact oriented, ahistorical and Western-centric, this project will provide a unique lens through its historical and transcultural approach.

The undertaking of this project is deeply relevant given that as leisure becomes central to the 21st century economy, corporations to the State are greatly vested in the understanding of these spaces. The dominant idea of its unprecedented novelty can be misleading and have damaging consequences on shaping policy and practice. Overall, the goal of this project is to leverage on real-virtual comparisons to develop a more integrated understanding of contemporary leisure, a prime space of digital residence in the 21st century.

"During the 1950’s Americans saw Levittown, Pennsylvania as the embodiment of the perfect community.  It was hailed as the best thing since slice bread by Reader Digest, Good Housekeeping, and Fortune.  Following World War Two many ex-servicemen began looking to settle down and start a family.  Levittown, Pennsylvania with its order, regulations, and perfectly trimmed yards proved irresistible to many of them; as did advertisements from Levitt & Son, the real-estate development company behind Levittown, promising that veteran statues meant no down payment was required.

Many in Levittown and the rest of the nation believed that they were living in a fantastic modern era.  An era of peace and tranquility in which the United States stood as the vanguard, a city upon a hill that the rest of the nations of the world could look upon for inspiration on how to transform themselves in to  perfect modern societies. In reality Levittown, Just like the rest of the nation was not as modern or perfect as many portrayed it to be.  Under the surface laid age-old bigotry and hate.  This becomes quite apparent when one looks at the Myers family, the first African America family to move into Levittown.

In 1957, realizing that their current home in Bloomsdale, Pennsylvania was too small for their growing family, World War Two veteran Bill Myers and his wife Daisy decided to move to the nearby community of Levittown, Pennsylvania.  While Levitt & Son, had a firm policy against selling houses directly to African Americans, the Myers who circumvented this by buying their new house secondhand were not particularly worried about the prospect of moving into an almost entirely white neighborhood.  They both had spent a great deal of time in Levittown prior to even thinking of moving.  The worst they thought they might face would be some prejudice, a few dirty looks, and such.  They never expected an angry mob to take up residences in their front yard the night they moved in.  Nor did they expect they would wake up one morning to discover a flaming cross-planted in there next-door neighbor’s yard.  The idea that things would get so bad that the governor of Pennsylvania would order state trooper to keep a 24-hour watch over their house almost certainly never passed into their heads. "

In this thesis I will examine the emergence of suburbia as a new experience in American society during the Fifties, and how the idea of the suburban home as an inspired ideal began after World War II, with the rise of mass-produced suburbs on the outskirts of major American cities, largely built for the white middle-class. I will explore the media’s portrayal of the well-known “happy” suburban family in sitcom format, and how life in the suburbs transformed American society and formed an ideal that the average American could relate and aspire to.

This doctoral thesis examines automobility in and around inter-war London. Automobility can be defined as a system of people, cars, roads and supporting enterprises that together has had a profound impact on our way of life. Motoring in the inter-war period is often portrayed as a glamorous pastime for the wealthy, reducing the visibility of its influence on middle class life. The research for this thesis builds on the work that has considered the influences of class and gender on motoring, but crucially ‘places’ these changes by connecting them to the development of London’s suburban arterial roads. It considers the embodied, sensory and systemised aspects of driving, but again positions these recent perspectives on automobility in the particular historical and geographical context of London’s expanding suburbs.
The thesis demonstrates that an emergent system of automobility was formed in London before the war. This automobility produced a distinctively modern, in some senses Americanised, suburban roadscape and practices of leisure and consumption.  These findings contribute to a wider reappraisal of suburbia of this period. The thesis argues that the new closed-bodied form of the car coupled with the new arterial road changed the embodied experiences of driving, producing a new form of motoring as early as 1925 much earlier than commonly suggested in the literature on motoring history. It also argues that English suburban historiography has largely downplayed the role of the car in inter-war suburban social history, through a particular focus on suburban housing and the effects of the extension of public transport.  The thesis demonstrates the significance of cars in suburban life, while also showing that there were marked geographical differences in their adoption between different types of suburbia.

The origins of this essay arise from an interest in the 18th century pleasure gardens of Dublin, in
particular Ranelagh Gardens, and follow a general study of the history of the suburb of Ranelagh
from its origins in the early 18th century to the present day.
It has been assumed that the Ranelagh Pleasure Gardens took their name after the renowned
Ranelagh Gardens in Chelsea, London. 1 Exploring this relationship further, the essay considers the
two concurrently – the similarities and differences between them and the degree to which one
influenced the other. Within a broader context, the idea of Dublin as a 'suburb' of London is also
briefly considered.
Returning to the scale of the individual gardens, a broad comparison between Dublin's Ranelagh
and London's Ranelagh is attempted. Taken into account are differences in the 'social concept' of a
pleasure garden, reasons for their rise and eventual decline, and their respective relationships with
neighbouring pleasure gardens. An attempt has been made to discuss this chronologically, and as
such investigate a certain 'time lag' that might exist between the two cities on a cultural level.
Fundamental to these investigations is a broad discussion on the events, audience, and perception of
pleasure gardens in both cities.

La banlieue est un point aveugle dans l’historiographie littéraire québécoise autant que dans le panorama des approches critiques qui s’y rattachent. Certes les écrivains la représentent ; ils l’ont fait de plus en plus ces dix ou quinze dernières années avec l’arrivée à maturité d’une génération qui en a connu les formes canoniques du boom d’après–guerre. Mais il n’existe pas de problème spécifique de la banlieue. Elle est pensée hâtivement comme un décor caricatural propre à la critique de la conformité américaine, ou bien elle est estompée par l’éclat d’une ville centrale littéraire dans laquelle on a précipité tous les signes de la modernité et du cosmopolitisme. À cet égard les études littéraires québécoises ont beaucoup à rattraper quant à la réalité du développement périurbain depuis 1945. Cet article propose une avenue en ce sens avec l’étude de deux romans d’importance publiés récemment : La soeur de Judith de Lise Tremblay et Le ciel de Bay City de Catherine Mavrikakis. Deux romans qui se détournent de la banlieue comme décor, et qui tentent de donner une forme littéraire à l’expérience même du développement périphérique.

This book presents an exploratory account of the origins and dynamics of cities. The author recounts how the essential foundations of the urbanization process reside in two interrelated forces. These are the tendency for many different kinds of human activity to gather together to form functional complexes on the landscape, and the multifaceted intra-urban space-sorting crosscurrents set in motion by this primary urge. From these basic points of departure, the city in all its fullness emerges as a reflexive moment in social and economic development. The argument of the book is pursued both in theoretical and in empirical terms, devoting attention to the changing character of urbanization in the capitalist era. A point of particular emphasis concerns the peculiar patterns of resurgent urbanization that are making their historical and geographical appearance in the currently emerging phase of cognitive-cultural capitalism and that are now rapidly diffusing across the globe.

Much of the anticipated future growth in North America will occur in suburbia. The critical challenge that we will face is how to accommodate this growth in a sustainable and resilient manner. While the past 50 years have been characterized by suburban sprawl and low-rise development, “suburban sustainability” is increasingly making its way into the planning and urban design policy realm. This research investigates the spatial patterns of tall buildings in 24 suburban communities of three different regions including, Washington, D.C., Miami, and Chicago. The study identifies 10 different spatial patterns that prevail in suburbia and provides a concise summary of these patterns and reflects on their spatial and urban design aspects. The research concludes that the Tall Buildings and Transit-Oriented-Development (TB-TOD) model, an urban design approach that refers to vertical mixed-use clusters centered on mass-transit nodes, is one of the sustainable options for large regions going forward. The paper also discusses the challenges to the TB-TOD model implementation, mainly
limited transit lines and community resistance. It ends by offering directions for future research.

This toolkit supports viewers in discussing immigrant communities’ experiences and how to take action against injustice. Includes frequently asked questions about immigration and day laborers. Can support learning about day labor issues, hate crimes, and community organizing,

FILM SYNOPSIS: The shocking hate-based attempted murders of two Mexican day laborers catapult a small Long Island town into national headlines, unmasking a new front line in the border wars: suburbia.

*Served as one of the guide producers.

En este trabajo analizamos de forma sintética los principales
rasgos de las áreas suburbanas hispanorromanas en el s. II d. C. Por un lado, la evidencia arqueológica demuestra que los espacios suburbanos alcanzaron su máximo desarrollo en el siglo II. La periferia urbana de no pocas ciudades, especialmente en el caso de las más pobladas y pujantes, acogió procesos de urbanización. Asimismo, multitud de domus suburbanas fueron objeto de reforma y embellecimiento en esta fase. Junto a otros espacios productivos y funerarios, en los suburbia medioimperiales hispanos también proliferaron las termas públicas. En cambio, en otras ciudades de importancia menor no se constatan cambios significativos con respecto a la primera etapa imperial.

Although today Pieter Bruegel the Elder is primarily known as a painter of peasant scenes, he is actually one of the Low Countries’ most important landscape artists. As far as we can ascertain, Bruegel began his career with landscapes: drawings, prints and, later, paintings. The genre remained a constant in his relatively short career and several of his painted landscapes are among the highlights of Western landscape painting. Karel van Mander’s Schilder-boeck is the primary written record of Bruegel’s practice as a landscape artist. We explain Bruegel’s practice on the basis of this text and a number of his paintings. In doing so, we delve deeper into the connections between the painted and the existing landscape, with a particular focus on Bruegel’s bond with the Pajottenland.

This article discusses perspectives of local agency in the age of the world city. It presents a brief critique of the debate on globalization and posits that globalization makes states. This includes a discussion of the local state as a complex creature of state and civil society, of the regulatory power of the urban and of the world city as a site of the emergence of the postnational
state. While it can be argued that globalization hollows out the
state and helps facilitate the replacement of state by non-state institutions in the market or civil society, it also creates new forms of states. The state does not wither away but is rather reincarnated in a plethora of forms on many socio-spatial scales. Globalization makes states but these differ from the ones we used to know. This article concentrates on those new forms
of governance that occur on the urban level, particularly in so-called world or global cities. It makes the case for the recognition of the urban as a relevant site of the political in the era of globalization. Politics in world cities is concerned with the governance of complexity which can be understood
best through a combination of regime theory, regulation theory and discourse theory.

The article speaks about the rural areas located in the suburban zone of big agglomerations and the peripheralľ regions. It provides an analysis of the changes in those areas after 1990, during the period of system transformation and the adjustment of the Southern Slovakian economy to the European Union is requirements. Special attention is devoted to population processes and related phenomena. Besides generally acceptable
statistical data, other data collected during field research in communes representing suburban and peripheral areas was used. The results of field research were also a basis of verification for general conclusions. The main conclusion of the paper is that the period of the last fifteen years has widened the gap in terms of economic and demographic development between both types of analysed areas. The dynamic development of rural areas located close to cities was accompanied by a very slow development or even stagnation of the peripheral regions.
Key words: rural areas, suburban zones, peripheral areas, Slovakia, Bratislava, Zitny ostrov

The present study is focusing on the major theories of urban sociology related to the phenomenon of suburbanization from the conventional perspective of human ecology to the critical theories. In the first part of the study there are presented the dilemmas regarding the possible definitins of the suburbanization, followed by the historical process of suburbanization and its various stages from incipient forms to the problem of urban sprawl. The second part of the study discusses the main theoretical approaches of the causes and effects of suburbanization, all exemplified with some typical situations encountered in our society. The last part of the study deals with the possibilities and limitations of new approaches of modern urbanism formulated in the spirit of sustainable development, such as New Urbanism (in USA) or CircUse (Europe).

Der folgende Beitrag soll einen Versuch darstellen, mittels der konzeptionellen Aufbereitung der zeitgenössischen sozialwissenschaftlichen Raumtheorie das Verständnis und die Analyse sozialer Atmosphären zu ermöglichen. Hierfür wird auf zwei prominente (sozialwissenschaftliche) Raumtheorien zurückgegriffen und versucht, sie für die Untersuchung „suburbaner Atmosphären“ heranzuziehen. Dadurch soll zweierlei sichtbar werden: zum einen ein mögliches methodologisches Rüstzeug zur Erforschung von (sozialen) Atmosphären, zum anderen das Potential, soziale Arrangements generell auch als Atmosphären auffassen und analysieren zu können.

The focus of this study is on the challenges faced by the municipal government of early modern Edinburgh in attempting to regulate suburban work. It has been demonstrated that as taxation became more common in the Scottish capital, certain occupational groups attempted to avoid the monetary burdens by settling outside the town walls, beyond the reach of burgh jurisdiction. Over the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the town council struggled to gain legal ‘superiority’ over these constantly-growing suburbs. This in turn led the Edinburgh craft guilds to seek superiority over their suburban counterparts. The effects of this process are highlighted by evidence from the surviving minute books of the metalworkers’ guilds, in both the capital and its suburbs, illuminating the struggle of a European capital to control the urban expansion beyond its jurisdiction.

Gated communities use walls and fences to enclose spaces and divide suburbs. However, walls exist in many forms and are most commonly found surrounding freestanding houses. The walls of gated communities have been debated in isolation, ignoring the current wall conditions of free-standing houses in Johannesburg’s suburbs. This study compares the visual, spatial and functional effects of the walls of gated communities and the walls of free-standing houses to reveal how they affect our experiences of suburbs and our perceptions of people.
Three suburbs/ case studies in Johannesburg were chosen for their very different wall conditions. The physical attributes of the wall were documented and interviews were conducted to understand the perceptions of the wall on both sides; from the outside and from within the walls. The boundary wall masks the house from view and can prevent passive surveillance but it can also act as a sign and express the individual. The two types of walls are found to be no different from one another, physically and very few negative perceptions of walls were revealed.

Les diagnostics et fouilles préventifs menés ces dernières années à Thonon-les-Bains permettent de réfléchir à l’évolution du tissu urbain de l’agglomération antique et aux activités qui étaient pratiquées dans les premiers siècles de notre ère. À la faveur d’une fenêtre ouverte sur un quartier de la périphérie orientale, plusieurs parcelles ont pu être étudiées de part et d’autre d’un axe viaire, tracé précocement, qui descendait depuis les contreforts du massif du Chablais. Des potiers s’y implantent au milieu du Ier s. ap. J.-C., rapidement imités par des forgerons spécialisés. S’ensuit au IIe s. une courte phase de relative déprise puis un nouvel essor urbain marqué par un réinvestissement immobilier et un embellissement des bords de rue, avant que l’agglomération ne se rétracte au cours du IIIe s. comme la plupart des villes de la cité de Vienne.

From Jeannette Baxter and Roland Wymer’s introduction to J.G. Ballard: Visions and Revisions:

‘In “Zones of Transition”, Sellars rereads the psychosocial character and logic of Ballardian space in light of the idiosyncratic, realworld phenomenon of micronations. Tracing parallels between Ballard’s physical and psychological spaces or “zones” of suspension – motorways, airports, supermarkets, shopping malls – and Marc Augé’s idea of “nonplace”, Sellars tracks the development of Ballard’s varied and differentiated micronations across a wide range of short stories, such as “The Enormous Space” (1989) and “The Overloaded Man” (1961), and novels including Concrete Island, the much neglected Rushing to Paradise and Kingdom Come.

To what extent can the urge to create micronations be attributed to globalisation’s illusion of connectedness and the failure of political action to spark the mass imagination? What revolutionary potentials are to be found in Ballard’s models of micronationalism? Are they spaces of physical and psychological retreat or can they be read as viable models of imaginative resistance and regeneration? Sellars engages with such exigent questions in order to probe new critical territories and to cast a throughly contemporary light on Ballard’s shifting conceptions of psychology, space and community.’

The imminent demolition of the Airds shopping mall, writes local historian and author IAN WILLIS, is a sad indictment of the dreams of many and the ultimate demise of the 1970s Macarthur Growth Centre project.
The shopping mall is an example of urban decay in the middle of our local suburbia.
It is a failure of modernism and the town planning utopia of city-based decision-makers.
The decay at Airds is not unusual and is symbolic of larger trends in global retailing.

Cuando la ciudad socava la salud de sus habitantes y su paisaje es consecuencia de un proceso de producción mecanizada y mercantilista que olvida a la persona como parte de él, la arquitectura del paisaje tiene que reaccionar. En las extensas ciudades americanas, conocidas como “Suburbia”, el arquitecto del paisaje James C. Rose (1913-1991) se opuso a las conductas homogeneizantes de la modernidad con su idea de jardín como forma de arte comprometida con el lugar. Profundamente influido por el espíritu japonés hacia la naturaleza, su proyecto en Ridgewood (1953) presenta la idea de hábitat evolutivo como casa que crece y evoluciona con su usuario en un perfeccionamiento espacial mediante la fusión de los espacios interiores y exteriores. Su obra en Baltimore (1956) evidencia concebir una forma que nace del propio lugar, como acción instructiva para el cliente. La aportación de Rose a la arquitectura del paisaje moderno ha de entenderse como que el jardín inspira paraísos celestes en la tierra que son en sí un fracaso por su materialización imposible. El carácter transgresor de Rose permanece en la lección de que cada lugar tiene una cualidad diferente que solo puede ser desvelada a través del acto creativo.


When the city undermines the health of its inhabitants and its landscape is the result of a mechanized and mercantilist production process that forgets the person as part of it, landscape architecture has to react. In the American sprawl cities, known as Suburbia, the landscape architect James C. Rose (1913-1991) opposed the egalitarian behaviour of modernity with his idea of a garden as an art form committed to the place. Deeply influenced by the Japanese spirit towards nature, his project in Ridgewood (1953) presents the idea of evolutional habitat as a house that grows and evolves with its user in a spatial perfection through the fusion of indoor-outdoor. In addition, his project in Baltimore (1956) presents how to conceive a form that comes from the place itself, as an instructive action for the client. The contribution of Rose to modern landscape architecture should be understood as that gardens inspire celestial paradises in the earth that are in themselves a failure due to their impossible materialization. Rose’s lawbreaker character remains in the lesson that each place has a different quality that only through the creative act it reveals.