Supernova Cosmology

We present a fully consistent catalog of the local and global properties of the host galaxies of 882 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) spanning the redshift range 0.01 < z < 1 and corresponding to a preliminary version of the compilation sample including SNLS 5 years data, SDSS, and low redshift surveys. We measure low and moderate redshift host galaxy photometry in SDSS stacked and single-epoch images and use SED fitting techniques to derive host properties such as stellar mass and U − V rest-frame colors, the latter being an indicator of the luminosity weighted age of the stellar population in a galaxy. We combine these results with high redshift host photometry from the SNLS survey and thus obtain a consistent catalog of host stellar masses and colors across a wide redshift range. We also estimate the local observed fluxes at the supernova location within a proper distance radius of 3 kpc, and transpose them into local U − V rest-frame colors. This is the first time that local environments surrounding SNIa have been measured at redshifts spanning the entire Hubble diagram. We find that local U − V colors convey more information than the properties of the host galaxy as a whole (host stellar mass or global U − V rest-frame color). Once selection requirements are chosen, we perform cosmological fits using local color as a third standardization variable and find its significance at the level of 7σ, indicating that the remaining luminosity variations in SNIa samples can be reduced using a third variable in light-curve fitters taking the local environment into account. Moreover, Hubble diagram residuals are more correlated with local color than any other variable. We discuss the possible implications for cosmology and find that using the local color in place of the stellar mass results in a change in the measured value of the dark energy equation of state parameter of 0.6%. Standardization using local U − V color in addition to stretch and color reduces the total dispersion in the Hubble diagram from 0.15 to 0.14 mag. This will be of paramount importance for the forthcoming SNIa surveys, and in particular LSST for which w(z) will be accessible in bins of redshift with a constraining power several orders of magnitude greater than that of current surveys.

We derive several, detailed relationships in terms of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) generalization which describe the Universe during both the radiation and matter dominated epochs. We explicitly provide for the influence of radiation, rather than burying this term within the matter term. Several models allow the cosmological constant (CC) to vary with universe expansion in differing manners. We evaluate these and other popular models including the LCDM (standard model), quintessence as presented by Vishwakarma, Equation of State (EoS) and the Carmeli model with data from the 580 Union2.1 supernovae type Ia collection, using several minimization routines and find models built about the CC, the LCDM models, fare no better than those without.

Detection of the late time integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect (ISW) is an active area of study related to Large Scale Structures (LSS).The ISW effect can be studied by observing the non- zero cross-correlation between cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies with tracers of mass field, such as galaxy survey data. We plan to study this effect by cross-correlating the CMB data and related cosmological parameters as delineated by the  Wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe(WMAP)with the upcoming  evolutionary map of the universe (EMU) survey planned for Australian square kilometer array Pathfinder(ASKAP).EMU-ASKAP is planned to conduct a deep radio continuum survey with rms10µJy/beam. The survey is planned to cover the entire southern sky, extending to North + 30degreedeclination.Toinferthe expected redshift distribution (dN/dz) and differential source count (S) of the survey that can be extracted from the EMU galaxies, we use data from S-cubed  simulation of extra galactic radio continuum(S3- SEX) for square kilometer array design studies (SKADS). We also calculate various parameters including galaxy survey shot noise, rms confusion uncertainty, and position uncertainty for the survey which can help in understanding the accuracy and analyzing the results of the data.  We also discuss Signal to noise ratios over range of maximum redshifts and maximum multipole values with some discussion on constraints over ΩΛ and Ωb.

A new cosmological model is suggested, a type of Big Bang cosmology but with a different redshift scale-factor relation and no cosmological constant.  There is discussion of why observations often seem to support the possibly faulty Concordance Cosmology.  In the new model there is an apparent matter density of about 0.3 but no coincidence problem as the real matter density is 1.0.  There is a solution to the Hubble tension.

Aims: Demonstrate that the 0.22 increase in slope of high z SNe1a currently attributed to an increase of 10-15% distance believed to be caused by dark energy is actually caused by the time-dilated template subtraction of the factor 1/ (1+z) to create a rest-frame.
Methods: Simple addition and subtraction of the 1/ (1+z) factor to rest-frame data from Riess et al. (1998) and Perlmutter et al. (1999).  Because the 1/ (1+z) factor is non-linear, subtracting it  reduces the slope of the low SNe1a much more than it reduces the slope of the high SNe1a so that it appears that the slope of the high SNe1a has increased. Adding the factor reverses the slope change which is linearly cumulative for multiple additions.
Results: When we added back the 1/ (1+z) factor to the SNeIa data, it undid the error by recreating the observer-frame, so that the high z slope of 2.40 became 2.18 and the low z slope of 2.22 became 2.17. This addition made the two slopes essentially the same and thus eliminated the observation of an increase of 0.22 in the slope of the high z SNE1a which required the theory of dark energy.  We then subtracted multiples of the 1/ (1+z) factor. Each subtraction increased the SNeIa high z slope by the same 0.22 amount. We developed a factor-to-slope correlation (R2=0.9998) by comparing the number of 1/ (1+z) correction factors to the 0.22 increase in the resulting high z SNe1a slopes. THIS PAPER IS BASED ON ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION, NOT COSMOLOGY.

The problem of creation of Unitary Field theory, or the Theory of Everything, which the Einstein was so eager to solve by means of physics, remained unsolved since it is solvable only by means of the Word: because the Word, according to Bible — is the God and «the God has»: Universe, His Child. This particular solution is given by the linguistic work about the Existing, offered by me to you and based on the Pressing method, the founder of which is Dionysus (Bacchus) — the ancient's god of the Word, Moon and Wine. // Познать Мир, Божий Храм - есть познать Слово нам. Слово - это Луна.