Tube

Enhancing heat transfer surface are used in many engineering applications such as heat exchanger, air conditioning, chemical reactor and refrigeration systems, hence many techniques have been investigated on enhancement of heat transfer rate and decrease the size and cost of the involving equipment especially in heat exchangers. One of the most important techniques used are passive heat transfer technique. These techniques when adopted in Heat exchanger proved that the overall thermal performance was improved significantly. This experimental works can be taken by researchers on Augmentation Technique such as Twisted Tape. So, Researchers tried to increase the effective surface area Contact with fluid to increases the heat transfer rate in the heat exchanger. We tried to enhance the Heat transfer rate with the help of Twisted Tape insert with Wiry Metallic Sponge and find out the effect of Metallic Wiry Sponge on Flow of Fluid.

Crack propagation behaviour in single edge notched specimens prepared from medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) pipe is examined under creep condition. The crack grown from an exterior notch (inbound) initiated faster than that grown from an interior notch (outbound). Subsequently, the outbound crack propagated monotonically to ultimate failure. The inbound crack showed anomalous behaviour involving two arrest stages prior to ultimate failure. The pipe is found to possess substantial residual stresses. The energy release rate for each case was calculated taking into account the respective residual stream distribution. The fact that the rates of crack propagation are not a unique function of the energy release rate indicates that the fracture is also influenced by morphological gradients imposed by processing conditions.

In present work, comparison of three different tube bundles for particular heat exchanger is proposed. Three types are smooth, micro finned and corrugated tubes. Heat exchanger will be designed with smooth tube bundle and simulated. Micro fin and corrugation over tube is applied separately for same heat exchanger in feasible size and simulated for performance. Besides, comparison is done with heat transfer rate and pressure drop.

Helping others is considered and sometimes expected to be a voluntary act. This behavior can be characterized as a helpful behavior that does not expect something in return. In general, the behavior of helping others would create a conducive environment especially when being instilled at an early stage of entrepreneurial journey. The study was conducted on 115 startup companies owners who participated under Tunas UsahawanBeliaBumiputera (TUBE 5.0) organized by SME Corporation, an agency under the Ministry of International Trade and Industries, Malaysia in early March 2018. The rate of return on the questionnaires was 48%. The objective is to find and compare the helping attitude of startups based on several demographic factors. The sample was selected through purposive sampling technique. The researchers used the Helping Attitude Scale (HAS) by Gary S. Nickell. It is a scale with 20-item to measure respondents' belief, feelings, and behaviors associated with helping others. The data was analyzed using Cross tabulation analysis. Based on the simple analyses, it is revealed that male startup owners possess better helping attitude than their female counterparts. Further analysis might give the researchers and the audience a better understanding and insights on this issue.

This paper presents some such case studies for co-and tri-generating various cold and hot utilities using innovative designs of Matrix and Tube-Tube Heat Exchangers and Multi-Utility Heat Pumps developed at Heat Pump Laboratory in IIT Bombay (HPL_IITB). Techno-economic benefits of some of these installations deployed in domestic, industrial and commercial applications are discussed.

Background & Aims: We evaluated the effect of a novel rehabilitative exercise on restoration of deglutition in a group of patients with deglutitive failure caused by abnormal upper esophageal sphincter (UES) opening manifested by postswallow residue and aspiration necessitating percutaneous tube feeding. Methods: We studied a total of 27 patients by videofluoroscopy and functional assessment of swallowing scores before and after 6 weeks of a head-raising exercise program. Seven of 27 patients, assigned randomly, participated in a sham exercise before entering the tested exercise program. Eleven of 27 were randomized to the real exercise program. Results: Although there was no change in swallow function and biomechanics after the sham exercise, following 6 weeks of real exercise, all 11 patients exhibited a significant improvement in their UES opening, anterior laryngeal excursion (P < 0.01), as well as resolution of postdeglutitive aspiration and were able to resume oral feeding. Similar results were found when the 7 patients in the sham group were crossed over to the real exercise group. Comparison of before and after exercise values for anteroposterior UES opening (P < 0.01) and laryngeal anterior excursion (P < 0.05), as well as functional outcome assessment of swallowing (P < 0.05) in the entire group of 27 patients also showed significant improvement. Etiology and duration of dysphagia did not affect the outcome. Conclusions: The proposed suprahyoid muscle strengthening exercise program is effective in restoring oral feeding in some patients with deglutitive failure because of abnormal UES opening.GASTROENTEROLOGY 2002;122:1314-1321

Numerical simulations of straight tube hydroforming of a dual phase (DP600) advanced high strength steel were performed using a variant of the Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) constitutive model to account for the influence of void shape and shear on coalescence. The effect of axial-feed (end-feed) on damage development and formability is investigated for end-feed loads of zero and 133 kN. A parametric study was conducted to determine an appropriate void nucleation stress and strain and the numerical values compared with the experimental data. The calibrated GTN damage model gives good agreement with the experimentally determined burst pressure, formability and failure location with the best performance occurring for the high end-feed load.