Tying and Bundling

This paper assesses the impact of procurement strategies on the local governments' service delivery in the context of India. The validity of the rhetorical arguments previously developed in the extant literature-innovation, market's maturity, quality specifiability, scope economies, competition, information asymmetries and transaction attributes-that are used to promote bundled public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements are explored. This is done using longitudinal case study methodology in an abductive research setting. Six cities of India and their activities concerning the municipal solid waste (MSW) management are used for testing. Thirty-nine semistructured interviews with PPP stakeholders, observations, and documentary analysis provided the evidence. The cases have offered important insights on how and why variations tend to occur among the two procurement models, i.e., bundling and unbundling and what practices can contribute to the success of these projects.

Todo acordo de venda casada é anticompetitivo?
Com base nesta pergunta  - e no caso recente envolvendo tying agreements e o cantor Ozzy Osbourne - procuramos trazer o histórico do embasamento jurídico do Direito Concorrencial (antittuste) brasileiro ao tratar da venda cansada como um ilicito concorrencial.

In an attempt to provide a framework that can help firms find optimum bundling product categories and pricing strategies that maximize their profits, this study develops a profit-maximization model. The results indicate that optimum bundles and price strategies exist; specifically, if a firm uses a bundling strategy to sell its products, it should combine highly complementary products and charge a relatively lower price. The value of a bundling strategy always increases with the size of market and price sensitivity. Managers can use the provided model framework and related advice and examples to plan their bundling strategies.

Collections of objects wrapped in containers, called bundles, are known throughout the Americas. Drawing upon ethnographic literature, especially descriptions of bundle use in the Andes, this article unravels the social context and practices involved in the creation and deposition of an archaeological bundle. The author presents an analysis of a bundle offering excavated from within the prehispanic fortification of Acaray, located on the Central Coast of Perú in the Huaura Valley. Careful attention to the configuration of the bundle offering, the contents, and their qualities permits a sophisticated interpretation of the offering's broader meaning. The assemblage and deposition of the bundles solidified social bonds among people and powerful spirits. Through the bundling of people and place (Acaray), the building of physical defenses, and the calling of animated selves for spiritual defense through bundle ceremonies, new identities were made, and the dangers of war could be unmade, in the Huaura Valley.

This article considers the significance of market definition for the regulation of telecommunications markets in Australian competition law. The legislative context for defining telecommunications markets is discussed. The economic principles which arise when defining telecommunications markets are addressed. The article considers how the economic principles have been applied in telecommunications cases in the United States and Europe. Because of the similarities between telecommunications and other network industries, illustrative network industry cases are examined. The article discusses three particularly vexing (and complex) issues for defining telecommunications markets: the concept of a cluster market; the role of functional analysis; and the relevance of price discrimination and customer segmentation. The implications of the economic principles and case law for the regulation of the telecommunications industry in Australia are considered.

The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) recently published an information paper on bundling in the telecommunications industry. 1 The ACCC's interest in this area provides impetus for further exploration of this topic; and the context for this article. Accordingly, this article considers the rationale for bundling and examines evidence of bundling in a number of industries. The conditions under which bundling may be anti-competitive and pro-competitive are considered. Having examined these issues, the article looks at evidence of bundling in the telecommunications industry. The available evidence suggests that bundling is an important aspect of commerce in the telecommunications industry and is a critical way of attracting consumers and stimulating competition. Two conclusions are drawn. First, the availability of key inputs for telecommunications services, through both regulated and commercial means, suggests that bundling by any carrier is unlikely to foreclose competition; ie, bundling is unlikely to be anti-competitive. Second, the range of bundling activities undertaken by firms, and the number of firms engaging in these practices, suggests that bundling is an increasingly important way of meeting consumer demand in a competitive telecommunications market.