Tympanum

A prototype piezo ceramic transducer is described which will address the need in hearing testing for a compact, light weight device that will allow measurement of hearing thresholds in the 10-20 kHz range by bone or fluid conduction. This transducer will permit comparisons with well-established high frequency air conduction procedures. Calibration protocols have not been developed, but a preliminary approach is suggested. This transducer represents an advance that eliminates external and middle ear coupling.

While both prophylactic antibiotics and tympanostomy tube insertion have a role in the treatment of recurrent acute otitis media (AOM) and otitis media with effusion (OME) in children previous work has shown that patients in our urban clinic are not compliant with prophylactic antibiotics. Concerned about the potential for decreased compliance in a non-compliant population, we performed a retrospective review to assess the incidence of complications from the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in the same pediatric clinic population. A total of 391 tubes were placed in 165 patients. Follow-up ranged from 0-49.4 months with a mean of 21.3 months. Three ears (1.14%) had persistent perforations. Tympanosclerosis was found in 30 ears (11.1%). No ear showed a chronic retraction or cholesteatoma. Six ears (1.70%) developed postoperative otorrhea. Thirty-five patients had at least one episode of otorrhea outside of the perioperative period, and a total of 60 episodes (19.6% of ears) occurred d...

We present the first data on the vocalizations of large odorous frogs (Odorrana graminea, previously Odorrana livida), from southern China. The males produce diverse broadband signals most of which contain ultrasonic harmonics. Six basic call-types were identified based on the number of call notes, fundamental frequency, call/note duration, frequency modulation patterns and spectral composition. O. graminea is one of only a few non-mammalian vertebrates able to detect ultrasound, but its tympanic membranes are not recessed. These results should stimulate further studies to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying high-frequency communication in anurans.

OBJECTIVE To report acute and subacute consequences of blast injury to the ear from terrorists' bombings experienced from Yala Provincial Hospital, Southern Thailand STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review was done on 54 patients who suffered otologic injuries from bombing attacks in Yala Province from January to May 2005. Only 33 patients who had complete otologic and audiologic examination with a 3-month follow-up were studied. MATERIAL AND METHOD The ear symptoms, the size of tympanic membrane perforation, degree of hearing loss at first examination within 30 days after injuries were recorded. After a 3-month follow-up, the rate of spontaneous healing, rate of operation needed and long-term complications including hearing loss were analyzed. RESULTS The two most common initial symptoms were hearing loss (72.73%) and tinnitus (66.67%). Tympanic membrane perforations were encountered in 31 ears of 22 out of 33 patients. Spontaneous healing occurred in 23 ears (74.19%) with the ...

Typology of the Romanesque sculpture in the tympanums of the "Hirsau school".

Статья опубликована в журнале "Исторические, философские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики" - №9 (59) 2015, Часть 2.

Статья посвящена рельефам тимпанов романских храмов «школы Хирсау», входивших в Клюнийскую конгрегацию. Поставлена задача систематизировать памятники на основе анализа иконографии и композиционного строя рельефов. Опровергается суждение о влиянии французской художественной традиции на немецкую: если в архитектуре прослеживается воздействие планировочных решений Клюни-II, то в пластике подобной преемственности нет. Предложенные типологии тимпанов связаны с различными региональными школами, а также отдельно рассматриваются тип трехчастной композиции с изображениями полуфигур святых и орнаментальный декоративный тимпан.

The tympanic membrane (TM) and mastoid air cells are measurable pressure buffers of the middle ear (ME). Pressure homeostasis of the ME is maintained approximately atmospheric by mechanisms that neutralize (buffer) pressure fluctuations, two of which are the TM and mastoid. Negative pressures were induced by volume changes in an artificial ME model. Those were recorded directly while using a rigid or a flexible TM with "mastoids" of various sizes. In the rigid TM model, the volume changes correlated linearly with the induced pressures and were confirmed to fit Boyle's law. In the flexible TM model, the pressure/volume correlation was nonlinear up to -50 mmH2O, where the TM was maximally displaced (approximately 25 mm3), became rigid, and constituted 75%, 41%, and 33% of the buffering gained in tandem with the "mastoid" in a model having a "mastoid" of 0, 5, and 10 mL, respectively. Altogether, a large "mastoid" required a greater volume change than a small one to induce the same pressure. The mastoid air volume "dilutes" pressure changes relatively to its size: the volume change required to alter a given pressure in an average (6 mL) mastoid is six-fold that which is needed in a small (1 mL) mastoid. ME volume reduction by TM retraction buffer negative ME pressures. This maximal ME volume change is constant for a "normal" TM. Therefore, it is the ME with the small mastoid that is most vulnerable to pressure changes and may develop compensatory buffering mechanisms, e.g., additional TM retraction (atelectasis) and/or ME volume reduction by fluid accumulation.