Udi

The so-called Caucasian Albanian Palimpsest kept in St. Catherine’s Monastery on
Mt. Sinai for the first time allows to draw a comprehensive picture of one of the languages
(probably the state language) of the third medieval Christian kingdom in
Transcaucasia, namely (Caucasian) Albania. The relevant parts of the two palimpsest
manuscripts (Sin. N 13 and N 55) covering roughly 120 pages (that is two thirds of
the two manuscripts) have been deciphered, interpreted, and translated in the
course of an international project running since 2003.1 The Caucasian Albanian texts
comprise a) fragments of a Lectionary, and b) parts of the Gospel of John, written by
a different hand in a different style. A number of both text-internal and text-external
arguments suggest that the original manuscripts were produced in the 7th century
A.D.
The analysis of the texts clearly argues in favour of the assumption that the
translators relied upon corresponding Old Armenian sources. Nevertheless, it can be
shown that the texts in parts deviate from those Old Armenian Bible texts that have
survived to our days, so that Georgian, Greek, and Syriac sources must also be taken
into account. The readable passages of the two texts furnish us with roughly 8,000
word tokens (some 1,000 lemmatised lexical entries). Hence, the Caucasian Albanian
palimpsest gives a considerable insight into the lexicon, grammar, and phonology of
its language, which can now safely be identified as an early variant of Udi (East Caucasian,
Lezgian). Caucasian Albanian (or Old Udi) differs from present-day Udi in a
number of features, including an additional set of palatalised consonants, a more conservative system of local case markers, gender distinction within the set of anaphoric
pronouns, and a stronger tendency to construe larger clitic chains. The lexicon
is marked for three aspects: a) the preservation of Lezgian terms lost in presentday
Udi; b) a set of loans from Armenian and (less prominent) from Georgian; c) loan
translations especially from Armenian. The syntax of the texts comes close to that
of its sources; however, the texts also exhibit a number of syntactic features alien to
both Armenian and Georgian. This suggests that the translators tried to find a balance
between the preservation of the original wording of the sources and the necessity
to meet the needs of the Caucasian Albanian speaking audience.

The marketing philosophy of today encourages organizations to engage consumers in the innovation process, at least at the stage of generating ideas. On one hand, the loyal consumers seem to be the group who have the greatest potential of getting involved in the innovation process, as they have been interested in the brand development for a course of time. Nonetheless, on the other hand, the young adults constitute a group also potentially susceptible to innovation and the search for brands that meet their expectations, and therefore they seem to be a particularly attractive source of innovative ideas. The purpose of the article is to show that some antecedents of the loyalty attitude of young consumers are simultaneously antecedents to their creativity and thus innovative potential. The aim of the conducted research has been to examine which components of attitudes characterize young consumers who could become a source of innovation for the cosmetics market. The survey has been conducted on a sample of 459 students with the usage of the auditorium survey method at three Universities in Poland. It has been concluded that among the analysed antecedents there are groups of factors that characterize a loyalty attitude regardless of the innovation potential and a group of factors which occurrence is particularly associated with the innovation potential and that they derive from cognitive and affective groups of attitude components.