University of British Columbia

This thesis is an exploration of the contributions of contemporary theories in film and literacy with the purpose of understanding how those theories inform an arts-based researcher in education. Additionally, further insights are drawn from cognitive, social, and neurosciences with the purpose of broadening the scope of understanding that stretches across multiple disciplines wherein film and literacy education is found. By engaging in a wide exploration across multiple fields of knowledge, this thesis shows the extent to which the general belief of the incommensurability between the arts, philosophy, cognitive, social and neurosciences has impacted negatively on education. It is believed, however, that knowledge gained through the study of contemporary theories in film and literacy, which is founded upon the philosophical, psychological, and sociological, may achieve greater clarity and insight when framed within the scope of advanced studies in neurosciences. With the interweavin...

This dissertation examines the material potentialities embodied in Kunstkammer works of art that were exchanged as gifts with the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II (1552-1612) and his contemporaries at the end of the sixteenth and early seventeenth century. Within this context, extraordinary, expertly crafted, and inventive gifts of things—such as paintings on semi-precious stone, commesso di pietre dure landscapes, magical natural objects (such as rhinoceros horns and bezoar stones), and books of instruments—were key players in political and social affairs, between courts and individuals separated by distance, religion, and political divides. Examining the highly discursive nature of particular gifts—mentioned in letters, poems, inventories, and dedicated treatises—this thesis brings forward the interrelated interests that made these artefacts matter to the people who collected them. Addressing the shared pursuits in knowledge-producing practices that centered on accumulating and improv...

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Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), specifically
diabetes and hypertension, are rising in high HIV-burdened countries
such as South Africa. How integrated HIV care into primary health
care (PHC) influences NCD care is unknown. We aimed to
understand whether differences existed in NCD care (pre- versus
post-integration) and how changes may relate to HIV
patient numbers.
Setting: Public sector PHC clinics in Free State, South Africa.
Methods: Using a quasiexperimental design, we analyzed monthly
administrative data on 4 indicators for diabetes and hypertension
(clinic and population levels) during 4 years as HIV integration was
implemented in PHC. Data represented 131 PHC clinics with
a catchment population of 1.5 million. We used interrupted time
series analysis at 618 and 630 months from HIV integration in each
clinic to identify changes in trends postintegration compared with
those in preintegration. We used linear mixed-effect models to study
relationships between HIV and NCD indicators.
Results: Patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in the 131 PHC
clinics studied increased from 1614 (April 2009) to 57, 958 (April
2013). Trends in new diabetes patients on treatment remained
unchanged. However, population-level new hypertensives on treatment
decreased at 630 months from integration by 6/100, 000 (SE =
3, P , 0.02) and was associated with the number of new patients
with HIV on treatment at the clinics.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that during the implementation
of integrated HIV care into PHC clinics, care for hypertensive
patients could be compromised. Further research is needed to
understand determinants of NCD care in South Africa and other
high HIV-burdened settings to ensure patient-centered PHC.
Key Words: integrated service delivery, ART, noncommunicable
diseases, NIMART, decentralization, primary health care
(J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018;77:476–483)

Authors include:Angeli Rawat, MPH, PhD,* Kerry Uebel, MBBS, MFamMed, PhD,†
David Moore, MD, MHSc, FRCPC,‡ and Annalee Yassi, MD, MSc, FRCPC*

The ancient Egyptian empire offers an example of early attempts by an imperial power to interact between different cultural norms. During the New Kingdom (1550-1070 BCE), Egypt sought to establish ideological, military, economic and administrative control over the Levant. In the process of conquering this area, the Egyptians employed different strategies to control their vassals. Based on Egypt's approaches to foreign policy in the area, I chose Egyptian Governor's Residences to conduct an in-depth spatial study. This thesis was carried out to deepen our understanding of the Egyptians' imperial strategies in the Levant by taking the innovative approach of spatial analysis using Hillier and Hanson's access analysis method. Used in conjunction with excavation data and visual analysis, this method revealed tightly controlled buildings and a change in how they were conceived depending on the reigning pharaoh. The Egyptians built these residences to control and monitor th...

An alternative approach to the study of historical maps has emerged in the last decades, reconsidering the networks and mentalities that produced maps. Here I would like to illustrate the usefulness of that approach for cultural history by using examples from the UBC collections. For brevity, let’s focus on two issues: the first is the variety of uses and meanings that the world map had in early modern Japan. To discuss this I purposely choose maps that do not fit into the received narrative of cartographic history in Japan. The second issue is how the uses and meanings of world maps changed after the middle of the nineteenth century, when Japan entered a phase of rapid modernization.

This dissertation traces the relationship between changing institutional cultures and the communication of knowledge to the public through exhibits, explored through an ethnographic and historical case study of a single set of halls at one museum—the fossil halls at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). Having documented the first six months of planning for the NMNH's new exhibit project, Deep Time, I show that many of the values and practices in current exhibits production have their roots in major cultural, professional and institutional shifts of the late-1950s. These changes, enacted and dramatized in exhibits production, came to transform the communication of science through exhibits. Indeed, I argue, the production of exhibits offers unique insight into the workings of an institution by describing a microcosm of the museum where what I have called disciplinary "complementarities" and "frictions" are debated and performed by small, increasingly interdisciplinary groups of people. Exhibit development thus emerges as a political and subjective creative act, rooted in particular institutional contexts and histories, that takes place at the intersection of paradoxical institutional missions and divergent disciplinary cultures. In the chapters of this thesis, I will contextualize and trace collaborative complementarities and frictions that emerge at three levels of exhibits production: exhibit content, group dynamics, and institutional mission. I will argue that these three layers of complementarities/frictions (from the micro-level of content specific to the planning of the fossil hall complex, to the experts that develop exhibits, to the broadest institutional mission of the museum) as revealed in the exhibits production process, have at their root foundational dual roles of the Smithsonian that are both paradoxical and necessary in creative exhibits production.

JAOS AND KAMPUCHEA were the first countries whose traditional L religion was Theravada Buddhism to adopt forms of MarxismLeninism as their governing ideology. In Kampuchea, the regime of Pol Pot imposed its own peculiar form of Marxism through the ruthless suppression of Buddhism, which involved the destruction of monasteries and temples, and the forced secularization or murder of monks.' In Laos, the transition has been more gradual: Buddhism has been transformed to serve the interests of the Marxist state and the authority of the new regime. This process in Laos has been twofold: simultaneously, the leaders of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP) have sought to undermine the traditional legitimacy which Buddhism accorded the former regime, and to establish new ideological justification for their own exercise of political authority. In this paper, attention will be focussed on the means adopted by the leaders of the LPRP to effect a transition from traditional modes of legitimation of the exercise of state power to that provided by a Marxist world view. It will begin by briefly outlining the traditional model of legitimation, and note how this was undermined and weakened under French colonialism and by the former Royal Lao government. This will be followed by a discussion of Lao Marxism and a comparison of the structures of legitimation provided by Marxism and Buddhism. Finally, a study will be made of the means adopted by the new regime to utilize aspects of the traditional order to facilitate initial acceptance of Marxism-Leninism, while, at the same time, systematically reducing Buddhism to the status of an ideological appendage to the Marxist state.

This is a history of special education in the Vancouver school system from 1911 to 1969. Special education is taken in the broadest sense to mean all forms of school instruction specifically created to depart from the preparation of a pupil for matriculation or academic graduation. The historical course of school reform in Vancouver was driven by the need to accommodate children who traditionally left school for work when they became too old for their grade placement. However, in a general sense, this history documents the evolution of the Vancouver school system itself from the early to mid-twentieth century and the forces which lay behind various aspects of school reform. The special classes for subnormal students was the first reform effort to deal with non-traditional pupils or feeble-minded school children as found by the second school doctor after 1910. This, in turn, led to the hiring of an American psychologist from Seattle, Washington, to find a new type of feeble-minded ch...

The extraction of nickel and cobalt, from nickeliferous l a t e r i t e , together with the hydrothermal p r e c i p i t a t i o n of hematite has been investigated. In order to emphasize the relevance and significance of this process, an appraisal is made of the state of the n i c k e l , cobalt and iron industries. A compilation of the annual production of the respective ores on the world market is included with an examination of the future uses and demand of nickel and cobalt. S o l u b i l i t y relationships for iron (III) compounds in aqueous solution are reviewed in terms of pH, solution composition and temperature. The thermodynamic data used at elevated temperatures between 60°C (333°K) and 200°C (473°K) have been estimated by using the "Entropy correspondence p r i n c i p l e " method of Criss and Coble. A sample calculation is shown in Appendix A. The effects of (a) temperature; (b) f e r r i c chloride concentration, (c) hydrochloric acid concentration and (d)...

The drug addicted characters in Irvine Welsh’s Trainspotting novels and Danny Boyle's film adaptations desperately seek to escape their Edinburgh environment through their use of heroin. Some may view their drug-taking as a display of inherent deviance or an attempt at self-destruction; instead, I view their consumption of opioids as a method for self-preservation in response to their societal alienation. In my thesis, I argue that this alienation stems from the predicaments plaguing Scotland’s population during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher. Thatcher’s administration prioritized the material desires of neoliberalism over the frequently suppressed principles of the welfare state. In this way, Thatcherism further oppressed Trainspotting’s underclass by pushing policies that often inspired adverse emotions in those who could not adapt, which I propose encouraged subsequent substance abuse as a method of self-preservation. Specifically, these policies contributed to deindust...

hierarchy in Indonesia. Because of this, policies for urban and rural development are undertaken in isolation from one another, without incorporating the implications of rural-urban linkages for rural development. This study contributes to our understanding of rural-urban linkages in Indonesia by examining four villages in the Province of North Sulawesi. Because of the importance of the Indonesian government's transmigration program for rural development in North Sulawesi, specific emphasis is placed on the comparison between the experiences of transmigrant villages and indigenous non-migrant villages in their relationships to the urban hierarchy. The main case study covers four villages (two transmigrant, two indigenous) in Dumoga Subdistrict of North Sulawesi. The linkages between these villages and the various levels of the urban hierarchy are articulated through the following key sets of variables: economic ties, population movement, services delivery, physical infrastructur...

This study of science teachers in a Philippine state school explored the potential of group discussions as a learning landscape considering, in particular, how sharing of teaching experiences may contribute to professional growth. The study was conducted from July 1997 to January 1998. The main objectives were to gain an understanding of the influence of social interactions in improving the practice of individual teachers; and to explore how Filipino culture affects the interaction process. The setting of the study was the science department at a state school (K-10) in the Philippines. A discussion group was established to explore how teacher interaction might serve to raise awareness and shape classroom practice. The group discussions and individual interviews were videotaped and audiotaped, respectively. Group discussion as an intervention of the study provided an opportunity to examine how certain Filipino cultural traits and traditions may influence the participation of teachers...

The assembly and persistence of ecological communities is a phenomenon that occurs across large spatial and temporal scales. However, the relative effects of regional versus local processes on community structure are not well understood in marine ecosystems. In order to understand how scale can alter processes that drive variation in community assembly it is necessary to determine patterns of diversity across multiple scales. Here, I used invertebrate epifaunal communities in the foundation species Zostera marina to test 1) whether this marine community exhibits meadow-scale variability through time, and 2) whether we can identify patterns of connectivity and diversity within and among meadows in the same region. I found that seagrass epifaunal communities are variable in terms of their rarefied richness, alpha and beta diversity, and evenness among meadows. In addition, differences in these metrics were detected over the course of a summer season.

Video question answering is the task of automatically answering questions about videos. Among query types which include identification, localization, and counting, the most challenging questions enquire about relationships among different entities. Answering such questions, and many others, require modeling relationships between entities in the spatial domain and evolution of those relationships in the temporal domain. We argue that current approaches have limited capacity to model such long-range spatial and temporal dependencies. To address these challenges, we present a novel spatio-temporal reasoning neural module which enables modeling complex multi-entity relationships in space and long-term ordered dependencies in time. We evaluate our module on two benchmark datasets which require spatio-temporal reasoning: TGIF-QA and SVQA. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on both datasets. More significantly, we achieve substantial improvements on some of the most challenging questi...

Marginal zinc deficiency (MZD) exists in children of industrialized societies and can impair growth and development . Presently there are no data available on its global prevalence. It is believed that MZD is one of the most common hidden deficiencies throughout the world . This is partly because of the lack of sensitivity and specificity of serum zinc, the most commonly used biomarker of zinc status, to detect MZD . This deficiency in children is always accompanied by a decrease in hair zinc . Although in research settings hair zinc is a recognized biomarker of MZD in children, health practitioners do not presently use it. These cross-sectional studies were designed to examine the hair zinc status of preschoolers in Vancouver . They also aimed at exploring some dietary and non-dietary factors associated with hair zinc status in an attempt to construct and validate a screening tool for detection of MZD. Our first study indicated a mean hair zinc of 75±30 pg/g, with 46% below the cut...