O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dinâmica do perfil de acidos graxos e a composicao de lipideos no musculo de femeas, ovocitos, larvas recem-eclodidas (LRE) e larvas na primeira alimentacao (LPA) de Brycon orthotaenia e... more
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dinâmica do perfil de acidos graxos e a composicao de lipideos no musculo de femeas, ovocitos, larvas recem-eclodidas (LRE) e larvas na primeira alimentacao (LPA) de Brycon orthotaenia e Prochilodus argenteus. Em B. orthotaenia, o lipideo total manteve-se constante em ovocitos e larvas em diferentes estagios de desenvolvimento. A concentracao de lipideo polar (LP) foi abundante em ovocitos e LRE, enquanto para lipideo neutro (LN) foram maiores no musculo e menores em ovocitos e LRE. Em lipideo neutro (LN) menores percentuais de C18:2n 6, maiores de C20:4n 6 (AA acido araquidonico) e C22:6n 3 (DHA acido docosaexaenoico) foram encontrados em LPA (P 0,05). O SFA foi maior (P<0,05) nos ovocitos e menor em LPA. Em P. argenteus, maior percentual de lipideo total foi encontrado em ovocitos e LRE. LN e LP mantiveram-se constantes em ovocitos e estagios larvais (P<0,05). LN teve maior porcentagem de C18:2n 6 no musculo (P<0,05) e de C18:3n ...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), a North American mustelid species, was once found abundantly throughout the Midwest until the extreme decline in prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), the black-footed ferret’s primary food source,... more
The black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), a North American mustelid species, was once found abundantly throughout the Midwest until the extreme decline in prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), the black-footed ferret’s primary food source, brought the species to near-extinction. Subsequently, the Black-Footed Ferret Recovery Program was created in the 1980s with a goal of bringing all remaining individuals of the species into captivity in order to breed the species back to a sustainable population level for successful reintroduction into the wild. While many components of the ferrets’ health were accounted for while in captivity—especially those affecting fecundity—this study aims to assess the effects that captivity may have had on their cranial morphology, something that has not been widely studied in the species. In a previous study, we showed that the captive ferrets had significant oral health problems, and here we aim to document how the captive diet also affected their skull shape. ...
Most commonly plant exposures and intoxications from outdoor toxic plants Maria Laura Colombo 1* , Francesca Assisi 2 , Tiziana Della Puppa 2 ... pods, lupine, oleander, autumn crocus,lily-of-the-valley, poison hemlock, English ivy,... more
Most commonly plant exposures and intoxications from outdoor toxic plants Maria Laura Colombo 1* , Francesca Assisi 2 , Tiziana Della Puppa 2 ... pods, lupine, oleander, autumn crocus,lily-of-the-valley, poison hemlock, English ivy, deadly nightshade, English holly, and yew ...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
D'apres les donnees archeozoologiques, le colvert fait partie des especes aviaires les plus chassees et les plus consommees par les differentes societes d'Europe et du Proche-Orient durant la Prehistoire. Gibier de predilection,... more
D'apres les donnees archeozoologiques, le colvert fait partie des especes aviaires les plus chassees et les plus consommees par les differentes societes d'Europe et du Proche-Orient durant la Prehistoire. Gibier de predilection, l'oiseau n'a pas pour autant fait l'objet de tentatives de domestication systematique avant la fin du Moyen-âge. Nous allons tenter de donner une explication a ce phenomene.
Predation risk is thought to modify the physiology of prey mainly through the stress response. However, little is known about its potential effects on the immunity of animals, particularly in young individuals, despite the importance of... more
Predation risk is thought to modify the physiology of prey mainly through the stress response. However, little is known about its potential effects on the immunity of animals, particularly in young individuals, despite the importance of overcoming wounding and pathogen aggression following a predator attack. We investigated the effect of four progressive levels of nest predation risk on several components of the immune system in common blackbird () nestlings by presenting them with four different calls during 1 h: non-predator calls, predator calls, parental alarm calls and conspecific distress calls to induce a null, moderate, high and extreme level of risk, respectively. Nest predation risk induced an increase in ovotransferrin, immunoglobulin and the number of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Thus, the perception of a potential predator per se could stimulate the mobilization of a nestling's immune function and enable the organism to rapidly respond to the immune stimuli imposed ...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
Stardust successfully encountered comet 81P/Wild 2 on 2 January 2004 at a distance of 236.4 ± 1 km. All encounter investigations acquired valuable new and surprising findings. The time‐of‐flight spectrometer registered 29 spectra during... more
Stardust successfully encountered comet 81P/Wild 2 on 2 January 2004 at a distance of 236.4 ± 1 km. All encounter investigations acquired valuable new and surprising findings. The time‐of‐flight spectrometer registered 29 spectra during flyby and measured the first negative ion mass spectra of cometary particles. The dust detectors recorded particles over a broad mass range, 10−11 to 10−4 g. Unexpectedly, the dust distribution along Stardust's flight path was far from uniform, but instead occurred in short “bursts,” suggesting in‐flight breakup of fragments ejected from the nucleus. High‐resolution, stunning images of the Wild 2 surface show a diverse and complex variety of landforms not seen from comets 1P/Halley and 19P/Borrelly or icy satellites of the outer solar system. Longer‐exposure images reveal large numbers of jets projected nearly around the entire perimeter of the nucleus, many of which appear to be highly collimated. A triaxial ellipsoidal fit of the Wild 2 nucleus...
In many birds, there is significant variation in egg size both across and within clutches that remains to be explained. Birds lay one egg per day and in hot climates, the first laid eggs may start to develop before the laying of the rest... more
In many birds, there is significant variation in egg size both across and within clutches that remains to be explained. Birds lay one egg per day and in hot climates, the first laid eggs may start to develop before the laying of the rest of the clutch is complete, through warming by the ambient air temperature. Here, we test the hypothesis that in hot conditions, skews in egg size across the laying sequence may be more pronounced, as females use egg size to compensate for hatching asynchrony, providing a higher level of provisioning to the later laid eggs that would hatch later due to ambient incubation. We have focused on the zebra finchTaeniopygia guttata, a species that typically breeds over an extended period of the year, and therefore across a particularly wide range of ambient temperatures. We characterised the variation in egg size using data from over 700 clutches, including historical specimens, a wild population, and both domesticated and wild birds breeding in captivity, ...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
In certain areas of South America, free-ranging, wild guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are exploited for fibre by local people. This activity includes the capture and handling of animals which can adversely affect their behaviour and physiology.... more
In certain areas of South America, free-ranging, wild guanacos (Lama guanicoe) are exploited for fibre by local people. This activity includes the capture and handling of animals which can adversely affect their behaviour and physiology. This study investigated the behavioural and physiological responses of guanacos to shearing and handling activities in order to obtain a better picture of the welfare state of individuals. Parameters that were assessed consisted of: time enclosed; handling time; sex; age; and vital signs (heart beat frequency per minute, respiratory rate per minute, body temperature and body condition). Blood samples were also collected to measure serum cortisol levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios. Frequencies of spitting, kicking, escape attempts and vocalisations were recorded as behaviours considered indicative of stress. Our results showed that stress behaviour frequencies were higher with increased handling time, whereas serum cortisol and N/L levels were h...
En el presente Articulo de investigacion se analizan textos de divulgacion popular pertenecientes a los siglosXIX y XX, que muestran la continuidad de una estructura de pensamiento de origen medieval basada en los conceptos de... more
En el presente Articulo de investigacion se analizan textos de divulgacion popular pertenecientes a los siglosXIX y XX, que muestran la continuidad de una estructura de pensamiento de origen medieval basada en los conceptos de civilizacion y de ideologia alimentaria, asi como textos derivados de la Medicina que contribuyeron a relativizar el eurocentrismo inherente a dicha estructura. Se evidencia lo inestable de las categorias civilizado y salvaje, y se relata su evolucion, contradicciones, y matices, puntualizando como la hegemonia cultural del mundo occidental mantuvo vigente tal estructura de pensamiento en torno a las practicas alimenticias
Birgus latro L. adalah kepiting pertapa darat terbesar di dunia. Spesies ini tersebar luas di pulau-pulau terpencil Indo-Pasifik di daerah tropis, tetapi populasinya menurun drastis. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi ekologi dan... more
Birgus latro L. adalah kepiting pertapa darat terbesar di dunia. Spesies ini tersebar luas di pulau-pulau terpencil Indo-Pasifik di daerah tropis, tetapi populasinya menurun drastis. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi ekologi dan kelimpahan relatif dari keberadaan Birgus latro L. di Pulau Kadatua, Kabupaten Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan observasi lapangan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei visual, uji parameter lingkungan, dan morfometrik kepiting kelapa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa kepiting kelapa hadir dalam kondisi tertentu dan dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungannya. Habitat kepiting kelapa ini lebih menyukai tekstur tanah berpasir-lempung dengan suhu tanah antara 28-30°C dan kelembaban antara 70-90%. Curah hujan, pH tanah, dan vegetasi sekitar habitat Birgus latro L. mempengaruhi kehidupannya seperti ketersediaan sumber makanan dan tempat berlindung dari ancaman predator. Analisis mo...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
The population differences in ecology and behaviour of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus spp.) is closely paralleled by the characteristic features of reindeer husbandry which reveals the close relationship between behaviour and husbandry. The... more
The population differences in ecology and behaviour of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus spp.) is closely paralleled by the characteristic features of reindeer husbandry which reveals the close relationship between behaviour and husbandry. The western portion of the reindeer husbandry region in the USSR is vast. The reindeer are maintained on a semi-loose basis; the herd is scattered over the range; the social activity of the reindeer is lower; the herdsmen gather the herd using dogs, the herdsmen migr.ate together with the herd during the summer, grazing the herd in the vicinity of the tent for 2-5 days at a time. In the eastern portion of the region (Yakutia, Chukotka, Kamchatka), the ranges are more restrictive; the reindeer are grazed in a compact mass in summer; their feeding and movement are rigidly regulated; their social activity is high; the herd is gathered in foot without dogs. In summer, herdsmen follow the herd with light tents, the place of grazing being changed almost daily...
The Magallanes region in Chilean Patagonia encompasses 13 million hectares with approximately 3.6 million used for agricultural and livestock systems. This portion is located to the east of the Andean Mountain chain in the rain shadow... more
The Magallanes region in Chilean Patagonia encompasses 13 million hectares with approximately 3.6 million used for agricultural and livestock systems. This portion is located to the east of the Andean Mountain chain in the rain shadow zone, with annual precipitation increasing along an east to west gradient from 200 to almost 1,000 mm. To fully describe sheep farming in the Magallanes region, many topics need to be addressed, including sheep production and management, existing vegetative communities, livestock-wildlife interactions, and economic diversification into agritourism and another sheep industry products. All these give shape to the story of the development of sheep farming in Magallanes, which is important at the regional and national level. Three key points are identified that together can lead to a successful future for the industry: sustainable management, human resources and the market.
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
Foto Pre - wedding adalah sebuah moment “ Sakral ” yang akan diabadikan oleh seorang Fotografer yang dimana akan menghasilkan sebuah karya dalam menangkap sebuah moment yang akan menjadi sebuah kenang kenganan untuk selamanya bagi... more
Foto Pre - wedding adalah sebuah moment “ Sakral ” yang akan diabadikan oleh seorang Fotografer yang dimana akan menghasilkan sebuah karya dalam menangkap sebuah moment yang akan menjadi sebuah kenang kenganan untuk selamanya bagi pasangan Dua Sejoli yang akan mengarungi bahtera rumah tangga. Pre - wedding kini sudah menjadi tradisi turun temurun bagi pasangan yang akan menikah. Sekitar tahun 90an, awal mula Foto Pre - wedding untuk pertama kalinya berkembang di Asia yaitu di China. Dalam hal ini, AnitaPhoto dalam industri fotografi prewedding, sering kali mengambil foto prewedding dengan tema casual. Disamping itu AnitaPhoto memiliki tone warna yang “clean” atau bersih. Hal ini yang membuat penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat tema prewedding casual. Selain itu cara AnitaPhoto menata pose dari kedua pasangan terlihat sangat rapi dan komunikatif. Casual sendiri merupakan sebuah gaya berpakaian yang dikenakan di waktu santai. Pakaian casual adalah pakaian yang memiliki bahan yang nyaman...
Habitat loss and fragmentation are processes that may affect communities by changing species interactions. These changes occur because the strength of linkages between species is not exclusively dependent on predator and prey traits.... more
Habitat loss and fragmentation are processes that may affect communities by changing species interactions. These changes occur because the strength of linkages between species is not exclusively dependent on predator and prey traits. Species interaction changes also depend on the spatial context in which they take place. We used structural equation modelling to evaluate effects of these processes at patch-scale on top-down and bottom-up controls in food webs in Atlantic Forest. The model was composed of multiple species, and trophic guilds responded differently to fragment edge and isolation. Changes in bottom-up and top-down controls were mainly related to intermediate predator interactions. Efforts to restore connectivity among fragments should help recover the equilibrium of the trophic interactions by benefiting intermediate predators.
The effects of wild oat density and proportion on the yield and yield components of wheat (cv. Ghaznavi-98) were studied in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the rabi of 2004-05. Four sowing rates (100, 130, 160 and 190 kg ha-1) were assigned to... more
The effects of wild oat density and proportion on the yield and yield components of wheat (cv. Ghaznavi-98) were studied in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the rabi of 2004-05. Four sowing rates (100, 130, 160 and 190 kg ha-1) were assigned to main plots, while ...
Caligid sea lice represent a significant threat to salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Lepeophtheirus salmonis is the predominant species that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere. Dispersal of sea lice between marine aquaculture sites and... more
Caligid sea lice represent a significant threat to salmonid aquaculture worldwide. Lepeophtheirus salmonis is the predominant species that occurs in the Northern Hemisphere. Dispersal of sea lice between marine aquaculture sites and geographic regions is thought to occur rapidly via planktonic transport of larvae. Population genetic analyses have consistently shown minimal population genetic structure in North Atlantic L. salmonis, frustrating efforts to track louse populations, improve targeted control measures and understand local adaption to environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to test the power of reduced representation library sequencing (IIb-RAD sequencing) coupled with random forest machine learning algorithms to define markers for fine-scale discrimination of louse populations. We identified 1286 robustly supported SNPs among four L. salmonis populations from Ireland (N=2, 27 individuals), Scotland (N=1, 11 individuals) and North Norway (N=1, 12 individuals). ...
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are... more
It is currently unclear whether changes in viral communities will ever be predictable. Here we investigate whether viral communities in wildlife are inherently structured (inferring predictability) by looking at whether communities are assembled through deterministic (often predictable) or stochastic (not predictable) processes. We sample macaque faeces across nine sites in Bangladesh and use consensus PCR and sequencing to discover 184 viruses from 14 viral families. We then use network modelling and statistical null-hypothesis testing to show the presence of non-random deterministic patterns at different scales, between sites and within individuals. We show that the effects of determinism are not absolute however, as stochastic patterns are also observed. In showing that determinism is an important process in viral community assembly we conclude that it should be possible to forecast changes to some portion of a viral community, however there will always be some portion for which ...
Macroalgae of the genus Ulva have long been used as human food. Local environmental conditions, among other factors, can have an impact on their nutrient and phytochemical composition, as well as on the value of the seaweed for food and... more
Macroalgae of the genus Ulva have long been used as human food. Local environmental conditions, among other factors, can have an impact on their nutrient and phytochemical composition, as well as on the value of the seaweed for food and non-food applications. This study is the first to initiate a comparison between commercial Ulva spp. from different European origins, France (FR, wild-harvested Ulva spp.), and Portugal (PT, farm-raised Ulva rigida), in terms of proximate composition, esterified fatty acids (FA), and polar lipids. The ash content was higher in PT samples, while FR samples had higher levels of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and other compounds. The profile of esterified FA, as well as FA-containing polar lipids at the class and species levels were also significantly different. The FR samples showed about three-fold higher amount of n-3 polyunsaturated FA, while PT samples showed two-fold higher content of monounsaturated FA. Quantification of glycolipids and phos...
