glazing

A total of 40% of the world’s energy produced is utilized to maintain thermal comfort for the occupants of the building. Governments are taking measures collectively to regulate energy efficient buildings to reduce carbon emissions globally. Windows account for more than half of total energy losses in the buildings. The employment of energy efficient glazing in the construction industry is not common in Australia. This paper investigates several types of commercially available windows and their effectiveness in the hot and humid climate of Darwin. Although extensive literature is available for cold regions, these windows have not been studied in hot and humid climates such as the climate in Darwin. Building cooling loads of an academic building were calculated using Autodesk Revit Architecture and Carrier HAP. Double glazed variants offered approximately a 5% reduction in cooling loads and had a payback period of nearly 7 to 9 years, depending on the type of gas used to fill the pan...

Acoustic transmission describes the transfer of sound through materials. The insulation provided by building facades against airborne sound transmission has significant impact on the acoustic comfort of their indoor environments. External noise (unwanted sound) from roads, railways, aircraft, industry, and machinery must be excluded to ensure the indoor acoustic environment meets the required standard for its intended use. This performance requirement is typically specified by a ‘noise rating’ (NR) or similar acoustic criteria. The Building Regulations of England and Wales require a minimum standard for building envelopes, while most modern buildings require compliance with higher standards to satisfy various design ratings.

A key weak point in any building façade against airborne acoustic transmission are their window elements, particularly glazing. The purpose of the following experiment is to examine and report on the acoustic transmission qualities of different glazing types. The experiment has been designed and implemented in compliance with British and International Standards BS EN ISO 140-3 and 140-5.

The need to reduce energy consumption in buildings leads to the development of new facade systems that can be energy efficient; thus, contributing significantly to heat transfer between outdoor and
indoor spaces. Here, the versatility and flexibility of the modules are key attributes. For this purpose, this study focused on the thermal performance of Trombe walls and glazings and the glazing daylighting
performance of a modular fac¸ade system in four different Portuguese cities. Computational simulations for the thermal performance of different arrangements of the modules were accomplished with the DesignBuilder software, while the glazing daylighting performance was studied by means of Ecotect and Desktop Radiance software, and compared with the transmittance curves of glazings. Occupancy profile and internal gains were fixed according to the Portuguese reality for both studies. The main characteristics considered in this research were the use of two double glazings, four different
Portuguese climates and one or two Trombe walls in the facade. According to results, the use of Trombe walls and double self-cleaning glazing in the fac¸ade showed an important reduction in the energy consumption as well as better daylighting performance.

Ice-glazing is applied to protect the frozen shrimp from undesirable quality changes during frozen storage. Effects of initial frozen shrimp temperature on glaze uptake; glazing time on glaze uptake; and different glaze percentage on physical and chemical changes of frozen shrimp during storage were investigated. Shrimps were frozen in a spiral freezing machine (−35°C/15min); transferred to the air blast freezer

High performance glass and Trombe
walls in the façade was studied in this
research. The paper reports results of an
ongoing investigation on a new façade
system concept, designed as: “Façade
Modules for Eco-Eficient Refurbishment
of Buildings”, especially on energy ef! -
ciency of Trombe wall and glazing modules
arrangement. Computational simulation
was carried out by using the software
DesignBuilder. Two double glazing types
and Trombe walls were considered for
three different climates in Portugal and
four solar orientations. Results obtained
for heating energy needs were compared
to all façade con! gurations. The use of
Trombe wall and the double self-cleaning
glass in the façade point towards a
signi! cant decrease of heating energy
needs. The great majority of the façades
combinations presented energy needs
lower than the maximum allowed by the
Portuguese regulation (RCCTE).

This paper investigates the impact of stronger roof structures on vehicle handling and stability .Baseline roof structures, their strength to weight ratios (SWR) and static stability factor (SSF) were considered. The effect on center of gravity (CG) height location from improving the strength to weight ratios to about 4 was considered through finite element analysis. The weight of the proposed strengthening is calculated. The magnitude of such effects on handling and stability of passenger vehicles was comparatively and analytically determined. The increase in track width required to offset the reduction in static stability factor due to increase in CG height was determined. To confirm the findings, an example series of double lane change fishhook maneuvers were conducted with and without the simulated weight of a reinforced roof structure. Statistical data from current production vehicles and weight impact estimates derived from finite element (FE) analyses of reinforced roof structures were used along with empirical handling test data. The results indicate that the effect on handling of stronger roof structures is negligible. Other factors affecting weight such as non-safety related accessories, load, passengers, luggage and fuel quantity were determined to have significantly higher impact compared to the additional weight from reinforced roof structures.
Improved roof strength in this study can be accomplished without increasing rollover propensity or measurable impacts on stability and handling. An analysis of the effects on handling and stability of stronger roof structures has not been previously been published evaluating potential effects of increases in roof strength.

Buildings consume large amounts of energy, and their transformation from energy users to producers has attracted increasing interest in the quest to help optimize the energy share, increasing energy efficiency and environmental protection. The use of energy-efficient materials is among the proposed approaches to increase the building’s energy balance, thus increasing the performance of building facades. Semitransparent building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), being one of the technologies with the potential to increase a building’s energy efficiency, is considered as a feasible method for renewable power generation to help buildings meet their own load, thus serving dual purposes. Semitransparent BIPV integration into buildings not only displaces conventional building facade materials but also simultaneously generates energy while retaining traditional functional roles. The awareness in improving building energy efficiency has increased as well as the awareness in promoting the use ...

Office buildings are usually characterized by low thermal inertia, which could cause underperformance in terms of energy consumption. Moreover, the use of large, glazed façades in office buildings can cause thermal and visual discomfort due to high solar heat gains and excessive daylight transmitted into the office space. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) integrated into glazing have arisen as an innovative strategy to increase thermal inertia and improve office buildings’ energy performance and indoor comfort at a low cost. This paper aims to analyze the impact of PCM glazing on buildings’ energy performance and occupants’ thermal and visual comfort. The analysis is performed through a one-year real-scale experiment in two offices in Santiago, Chile, with an east-oriented façade and a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 56%. The results are analyzed on two timescales: seasonally and daily. Representative days in each season were selected to carry out the analysis. Regarding the energy consum...

Peer reviewed paper given at Digital Fabrication 2012/NIP 28 28th International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies. Stephen Hoskins and David Huson at the Centre for Fine Print Research at the University of the West of England are continuing their research into the 3D printing of ceramic bodies by investigating the possibilities of using techniques developed by the ancient Egyptians to produce a 3D printed ceramic body that will glaze itself during the firing process. Egyptian faience was the first glazed ceramic material invented by man. Originating in the fifth millennium BC, Egyptian faience is not a clay-based ceramic but is composed of quartz mixed with alkali fluxes. In contemporary terms Egyptian faience is popularly viewed as a low plasticity turquoise coloured self-glazing low-fired body, used primarily to create ornamental objects such as beads and jewellery. In its original Egyptian context faience was a versatile material, used in a variety of ways and in a numb...

Lahore falls in the region of semi-arid zone having long and extremely hot summers and comparatively short and mild winters. The extreme temperature in summers that spans from March to October is responsible for high solar radiation, which causes heat gain in buildings. Sun light obstruction by a horizontal shade at west, due to the low altitude of sun in summers, is not possible. This emphasizes the need of windows with high energy performance. This paper describes a simulated study conducted to test the impact of two parameters of window design i-e orientation and glazing material used, on the heat gain in semi-arid climate. The major component of window is glazing material, which is an important parameter for study regarding heat gain. The orientation is studied as it is one of the fundamental design parameter. The significance of this study is quantitative evaluation, with the acquisition of measurable data, generated through a software named as “comfen” specifically designed to...

Abstract Thermochromic glazing (TC) is able to modulate the solar radiation transmittance through windows in response to temperature, passively. Apart from the significant role of TC windows in thermal energy conservation in buildings, they affect the indoor daylight performance due to their lower visible transmittance rate and tinted appearance. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive study on the impact of TiO2@W-VO2 thermochromic glazing, fabricated by the authors, on indoor daylighting performance of a typical office room. The spectrophotometry test on the fabricated TC glass shows a significant modulation ability in near-infrared wavelengths. Based on the measured optical transmittance, daylight behaviors of the glazing were elaborated in terms of visual comfort, color quality of the transmitted light, non-visual daylight availability, and artificial lighting load, using computer simulation methods and numerical calculations. Finally, the paper offers an interactive approach between material development and fabrication methods on one hand, and holistic thermal and daylight analysis of the product on the other hand. This approach optimizes the physical properties of a TC glazing in tradeoff between solar modulation ability, visible transmittance, and color appearance.

ABSTRACT j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s e v i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / e n b u i l d Development and sensitivity study of a simplified and dynamic method for double glazing facade and verified by a full-scale faç ade element a b s t r a c t The research aims to develop a simplified calculation method for double glazing facade to calculate its thermal and solar properties (U and g value) together with comfort performance (internal surface temperature of the glazing). Double glazing is defined as 1D model with nodes representing different layers of material. Several models with different numbers of nodes or in different positions are compared and verified in order to find a simplified method which can calculate the performance as accurately as possible. The performance calculated in terms of internal surface temperature is verified with experimental data collected in a full-scale faç ade element test facility at Aalborg University (DK). Comparison was conducted between the simplified method and WIS software on the accuracy of calculating internal surface temperature of double glazing facade. The method is based on standards EN410 and EN673, taking the thermal mass of the glazing into account. In addition, angle and spectral dependency of solar characteristic is also considered during the calculation. By using the method, it is possible to calculate whole year performance at different time steps, which makes it a time economical and accurate tool in design stage of double glazing faç ade.

A novel low-emissive (low-E) coating based on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited hydrogenated diamond-like amorphous carbon (DLC) films has been developed. The coating is a three-layer structure comprised of a nano-thin Ag layer sandwiched between ...