social sanctions
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This writing aims to describe the roles and strategies of the families, communities, schools, and state for anti-corruption education. Techniques for data collection was literature studies. The results of the study show that anti-corruption education in the family, school, community and state must be put into effects together. The role of the families is to educate children by example, habits, and dialogue. The employed strategy is to make use of the religion, society and culture, socialization and education, as well as the economy. People need to learn about corruption to improve the bureaucracy, understand their rights and obligations as smart and good citizens, and fully cooperate and commit. Schools need to design learning modules by developing anti-corruption values, such as core values, attitude values, and work ethic values. The strategy used by the school is to develop an environment-based anti-corruption PPKn learning model through cooperative learning. The state needs to implement a culture of shame in the government, include anti-corruption education in basic to higher education, and formulate social sanctions for corruption.

Pesantren Nurul Muhibbin Tanah Laut, which is classified as a new Islamic boarding school, was founded in 2018, and as such, it requires significant input and assistance in resolving issues, particularly those relating to financial management and accounting information systems. If an error is made, not only social sanctions are imposed, but also legal sanctions; this must be a bright spot in the pesantren's financial management. This research employs a qualitative approach in the hope of identifying financial phenomena that can be used as material for joint evaluation. The study examines financial planning, implementation, supervision, and reporting phenomena. This financial process will be visualized as a flowchart in the hope that the relationship between the various components is obvious. Several of the findings in this study indicate that financial planning has been successful in terms of implementing a priority scale, deliberatively forming APBPP, and developing plans to strengthen pesantren financial management. The implementation process has not perfectly implemented the principle of accountability and generally continues to make ineffective cash payments, the supervisory process continues to violate the principles of organizational adjustment and responsibility, and the management accounting process and reporting continue to have numerous shortcomings, such as conventional accounting processes and the use of accrual accounting. The pesantren currently lacks a flow chart that adequately depicts the financial management process.

Bubu is a form of reciprocity that occurs in Madura generally and Langkap Village particularly. Generally, the exchange is made by the community as a form of “donations” to the celebration host. The host hopes for a return in the future. The reciprocal incident that occurred in Madura was not just a hope but more of an “obligation” to pay the “donation” or bubu that had been given on the previous occasion. This study seeks to describe the form and meaning of the bubu as well as to explain the changes that occur in the bubu phenomenon which used to be only in the form of voluntary donations into various forms of bubu with their meanings. The research design used was an ethnographic study with a moderate method where the researcher was occasionally directly involved in the tradition. The results of this study reveal several forms of bubu that occur in Langkap Village with different ways and meanings with the same motivation. The bubu given is a transaction of accounts payable and investment with the hope of a return in the future. More than that, there are social sanctions that will await if the bubu that have been given are not returned with the same value.

Following a vehicle too closely (otherwise known as tailgating) is a high-risk behavior and major contributor to motor-vehicle collisions and injuries. Both legal and nonlegal countermeasures are currently in place in an attempt to prevent this behavior, yet there has been limited research that has examined the effectiveness of both legal and nonlegal factors on engagement in the behavior. Therefore, this research utilized a combination of the three most salient deterrence-based theories used in road safety to understand the impact of both legal and nonlegal sanctions on following a vehicle too closely. A survey was completed by 887 Queensland drivers aged 17–84 years ( Mage  =  49 years; 55% males). Variables from Classical Deterrence Theory, the reconceptualized deterrence theory and the extended deterrence-based model (that includes perceived internal loss, physical loss, and social sanctions), as well as measures of following a vehicle too closely were used. The majority of the sample (98%) reported following a vehicle too closely at some point, with the average frequency ranging from rarely to sometimes. Significant predictors of more frequent unsafe following distances included: being male, younger in age, and avoiding punishment for the behavior. Meanwhile, significant predictors of less frequent unsafe following distances included knowing others who have been punished for the behavior, as well as fearing the physical and internal losses resulting from unsafe following distances. Notably, the severity of the punishment was also a significant deterrent, while the perceived certainty of being apprehended for the offence was low and did not impact engagement in behavior. These results have a number of important implications on how to maximize both legal and nonlegal countermeasures to further prevent following a vehicle too closely.

PurposeE-commerce, with technology as its backbone, is an indispensable business trend associated with the wave of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Recently, its intensifying role has also been noticed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, technology adoption to pursue an e-commerce model for agribusinessmen is not easy, while the COVID-19 has made them lose customers and led them to crises. In that context, the role of social capital (SC) has increasingly been paid significant attention, especially for micro and family businesses. Agribusinessmen can use SC to adopt technology, renew and reinforce their businesses in the global agricultural supply chain disruption context. However, there seems to be a dearth of an integral measurement of social capital (IMSC) to apply to the practice effectively. Recognizing this need, the current study aims to develop an integral scale for SC.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts a widely accepted and rigorous scale development process, a mixed-methods research design and essential statistical techniques to develop an IMSC.FindingsThe result develops an IMSC consisting of nine facets: linking-corporate, bonding-bridging, trust in political institutions, trust in public services, generalized social trust, norms and social sanctions, subjective safety, civicness and community cohesiveness. The scales of these facets are found to be unidimensional, reliable and valid.Originality/valueThis is the first study developing an IMSC to contribute to the extant literature. The study also provides managerial implications for practitioners to strengthen SC and adopt technology to improve their businesses.

This article examines the motivations of doctors operating in restrictive abortion regimes, and it takes Poland as a case study. It places in the foreground institutional and intra-professional factors that determine abortion healthcare, which to date have been accorded little attention. The article compares the impact that criminal, professional, and social sanctions have upon the provision of abortion services. In so doing, its purpose is to refocus debate in this area. It aims to move the emphasis away from legal and political factors, including the criminalisation of abortion, and to place it on medical agency. The Polish case study is examined to test out, in the context of a late-transitional polity, the sustainability of neo-institutionalist approaches to the study of law and organisations and the sociology of professions. The analysis is particularly important and urgent in light of the recent retrenchment of reproductive rights in Poland, and beyond.

The international trend of positioning the preschool as a pre-academic learning environment is challenging for preschool teachers, as it necessitates a balance between emotionally supportive interaction and goal-oriented learning instruction. However, previous research suggests that the complexities of such interactions need to be further studied. This article contributes by presenting a very detailed exploration of how social adaptation is pursued in a goal-oriented documentation activity. The study used a micro-sociological approach, characterized by the careful analysis of verbal and nonverbal interactions. Two research questions were raised: (1) How is social adaptation pursued in verbal and nonverbal interactions in preschool teacher–child relationships during a goal-oriented activity? and (2) How can social adaptation in the preschool context be understood in terms of a “deference-emotion system”? Interactions between a teacher and child in two video-recorded episodes were transcribed and sequentially analyzed thoroughly. The findings suggest that the interactions were regulated through an informal system of social sanctions, in which nonverbal signs of deference played a key role. The interaction was shown to be embedded in an institutional context that advocates goal-oriented instruction, thus highlighting the challenge of preschool teaching in attempting to promote goal-oriented processes while simultaneously maintaining respectful, caring teacher–child relationships.

Penyuluhan ini dilakukan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat terkait protokol kesehatan di tengah pandemi covid 19 dan mengupayakan hidup sehat sehari-hari. Banyaknya warga yang lalai dengan menjaga diri dari penularan virus menambah jumlah pasien ODP (Orang Dalam Pantauan), khususnya wilayah Kecamatan Banyusari menjadi alasan rasional Desa Cicinde Utara dijadikan sebagai tempat pengabdian dan juga karena jarak yang cukup jauh dari pusat kota dan minimnya informasi terkait pandemi covid 19. Upaya yang telah dilakukan ialah sinegritas dosen dan mahasiswa dengan instansi petugas kesehatan Desa Cicinde Utara mengedukasi wajib pakai masker serta akibat yang ditimbulkan karena tidak memakai masker. Sanksi yang diberikan untuk memupuk kesadaran menggunakan masker adalah sanksi sosial, yaitu menyapu jalanan dan membersihkan lingkungan. Hasil yang terlihat adalah kedisiplinan warga untuk memakai masker mulai meningkat. Memakai masker yang baik (bukan scuba) adalah upaya dini dari kita untuk melindungi orang yang kita sayangi, mari mekakai masker dan mulai melakukan pola hidup sehat. Kata kunci—pengabdian, masker, kesehatan, kedisiplinan, covid19 This community service is carried out to provide education to the public regarding health protocols in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic and strive for a healthy daily life. The number of residents who are negligent in protecting themselves from spreading the virus increases the number of ODP (People Under Monitoring) patients, especially the Banyusari District area, which is a rational reason for North Cicinde Village to be used as a place of service and also because it is quite far from the city center and the lack of information related to the Covid pandemic. 19. Efforts that have been made are the synergy of lecturers and students with the health officers of Cicinde Utara Village to educate on the compulsory use of masks and the consequences of not wearing masks. The sanctions given to cultivate awareness of wearing masks are social sanctions, namely sweeping the streets and cleaning the environment. The visible result is that citizens' discipline to wear masks has begun to increase. Wearing a good mask (not a scuba material) is an early effort from us to protect our loved ones, let's wear a mask and start living a healthy lifestyle. Keywords—community service, mask, health, discipline, covid 19

This study discusses the phenomenon of fujoshi, a popular culture from Japan. Fujoshi is a woman's passion for manga or comics genre boys love, where the manga tells the story of the love relationship between men. This research was conducted using a qualitative research method with a virtual ethnography method approach, where the researcher traced twitter accounts that were actively uploading about the manga boys love. This study tries to describe how the identity of fujoshi is formed which shows the manga boys love fondness on social media, especially in twitter. The result of this study is that fujoshi still be considered as an abnormality and also considered to violate the norms of the society. However, social media is able to provide space for free expression to show the identity of their preferences without getting any social sanctions. Social media also builds the fujoshi identity which was initially considered a deviation, has now been accepted and spawned more works and formed a community that has the same passion for manga boys love that is bigger than before.

The possibility that gossipers may share dishonest reputational information is a key challenge to claims that gossip can shore up cooperation in social groups. It has been suggested that imposing social costs on dishonest gossipers should increase the honesty of these reputational signals. However, at present, there is little evidence of people's willingness to impose costs on dishonest gossipers; there is also little evidence of their ability to detect gossipers' lies in the first place. This paper aims to shed light on people's abilities to detect dishonest gossip and their treatment of those who share it. To do this, we report the results of two trust game studies using the strategy method (study 1) and repeated interactions in the laboratory (study 2). We show that in an environment where gossipers tell spontaneous lies people are more inclined to believe honest than dishonest gossip. We also show that people are more likely to treat favourably gossipers they believe to be honest, but that this does not always result in more favourable treatment for gossipers who were actually honest. We discuss the implications for the potential utility of social sanctions as a tool for securing honesty. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The language of cooperation: reputation and honest signalling’.