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Carsons Rule Formulas

The document verifies Carson's rule for calculating the bandwidth of an FM signal. Carson's rule states that the bandwidth is approximately equal to 2 times the maximum frequency deviation plus 2 times the bandwidth of the message signal. The document shows this by using a simple sinusoidal message signal in the FM signal equation and applying a Fourier series expansion. It derives an expression for the Fourier coefficients that is integrated to verify the terms in Carson's rule.

Uploaded by

Jeff Brown
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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100 views

Carsons Rule Formulas

The document verifies Carson's rule for calculating the bandwidth of an FM signal. Carson's rule states that the bandwidth is approximately equal to 2 times the maximum frequency deviation plus 2 times the bandwidth of the message signal. The document shows this by using a simple sinusoidal message signal in the FM signal equation and applying a Fourier series expansion. It derives an expression for the Fourier coefficients that is integrated to verify the terms in Carson's rule.

Uploaded by

Jeff Brown
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Verification of Carsons Rule (for computing the FM Bandwidth)

The Casrons rule says that the BW of any FM signal is given by BW FM 2 f + 2B m 2 [ + 2 B m ] where Bm = Bandwidth of the Message Signal m(t) in Hz, and f = /2 = kf mp/2 . We can verify the Carsons rule using a simple message signal that is a sinusoid with frequency m. That is m (t ) = cos(m t ) , 1 (Hz) 2 [ f + B m ] (rad/s) (Hz) ,

where the magnitude of the message signal is a constant. The bandwidth of this signal Bm is clearly m. The signal a(t), which is the integration of m(t), becomes a (t ) =

m ( )d =

sin(m t ) .

So, the FM signal becomes k g FM (t ) = A cos c t + f sin(m t ) . m FM (t ) that is the complexexponential form of g FM (t ) , or Let us define a function g FM (t ) = A g e
k j c t + f sin ( m t ) m

=A e j c t e

kf sin ( m t ) m

(1)

The second exponential above is a periodic signal with period Tm=2/m. So, it can be expanded using the exponential Fourier series as e
j kf sin ( m t ) m

n =

De
n

jn m t

(2)

where according the exponential Fourier series expansion (page 53 in your text book) 1 Dn = Tm

Tm

f (t ) e

jnm t

dt = m 2

kf sin ( m t ) m

e jnm t dt .

This integration can be simplified if we use the substitution x = m t x = m t dx = m dt dt = 1 dx m

t coveres the range , m m Let us define to be = 1 2

x coveres the range [ , ]

k f = . Substituting for and for x = m t in the integration of Dn, we get m m

Dn =

j sin ( x )

e jnx dx .

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