Designation: A494/A494M 09

1
Standard Specication for
Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy
1
This standard is issued under the xed designation A494/A494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1
NOTETable 1 was editorially corrected in February 2010.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specication covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel-
copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, and
nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion-
resistant service.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
A370 Test Methods and Denitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products
A488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
cations of Procedures and Personnel
A732/A732M Specication for Castings, Investment, Car-
bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures
A781/A781M Specication for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Signicant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specications
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
3
E38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys
3
E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
Alloys
3
E354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
3. Terminology
3.1 Denitions:
3.1.1 master heata single furnace charge of rened alloy,
which may either be poured directly into castings or into remelt
alloy for individual melts.
3.1.2 meltsa single furnace charge poured into castings.
When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysis
shall be reported.
4. General Conditions for Delivery
4.1 Material furnished to this specication shall conform to
the requirements of Specication A781/A781M, including any
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of
Specication A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with
this specication. In case of conict between the requirements
of this specication and Specication A781/A781M, this
specication shall prevail.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for castings to this specication should include
the following information:
5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and
5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).
5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-
mation required to describe adequately the desired material:
5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),
5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11)
5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specica-
tion A781/A781M),
5.2.4 Marking-for-identication requirements, if any (see
13.1), and
1
This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as A494/A494M 08.
DOI: 10.1520/A0494_A0494M-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org.
1
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTEValues are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
Alloy
Family
Ni Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr Other
Grade CZ100 M25S M30C
A
M30H M35-1
A
M35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5MCuC CW2M CW6M CW6MC CW12MW CX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5SnBiM
UNS
Numbers
N02100 N24025 N24130 N24030 N24135 N24020 J30003 J30007 N30012 N08826 N26455 N30107 N26625 N30002 N26059 N26022 N06040 N26055
Composition, %
C 1.00 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.050 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.40 0.05
Mn 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.0 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.5
Si 2.00 3.5-4.5 1.0-2.0 2.7-3.7 1.25 2.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.0 0.80 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.80 3.00 0.5
P 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.030 0.03 0.040 0.015 0.040 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03
S 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.03 0.030 0.015 0.030 0.020 0.025 0.03 0.03
Cu 1.25 27.0-33.0 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 26.0-
33.0
26.0-33.0 . . . . . . . . . 1.50-3.50
B B B B B B B
. . .
Mo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0-
33.0
30.0-
33.0
26.0-30.0 2.5-3.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-
20.0
8.0-10.0 16.0-
18.0
15.0-16.5 12.5-
14.5
B
2.0-3.5
Fe 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.00 3.00 4.0-6.0 balance 2.0 3.0 5.0 4.5-7.5 1.50 2.0-6.0 11.0 2.0
Ni 95.00
min
balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance 38.0-44.0 balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance
Cr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 1.00 19.5-23.5 15.0-17.5 17.0-
20.0
20.0-23.0 15.5-
17.5
22.0-24.0 20.0-
22.5
14.0-17.0 11.0-14.0
Cb (Nb) . . .
B
1.0-3.0
B
0.5 0.5 . . . . . . . . . 0.60-1.20
B B
3.15-4.50
B B B B
. . .
W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B
1.0
B B
3.75-
5.25
B
2.5-3.5
B
. . .
V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B B
0.20-0.60
B B B B
0.20-
0.40
B
0.35
B
. . .
Bi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0
Sn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.0-5.0
A
Order M35-1 or M30C when weldability is required.
B
Element to be analyzed and reported for information only.
Editorially corrected.
A
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5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the
standards of acceptance.
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with the
requirements in Table 2.
NOTE 1Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to
enhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical
properties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specied; however, it is
sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some
minimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order
to enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties.
6.2 When Class 1 is specied, grades CY40 and M25S shall
be supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specied,
grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution-
treated condition. When Class 3 is specied, grade M25S shall
be supplied in the age-hardened condition.
7. Chemical Composition
7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition
requirements prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 The grades that pertain to this specication are placed
into the ve general categories given below. The producer shall
report for information all elements in Table 1 for which a limit
is given for any alloy in the same alloy family. The alloy
families are:
(1) Nickel CZ100
(2) Nickel-copper M35-1, M35-2, M30C, M30H, M25S
(3) Nickel-molybdenum N12MV, N7M, N3M
(4) Nickel-chromium CY40, CW6M, CW2M, CW6MC,
CX2MW, CU5MCuC, CX2M
(5) Other CY5SnBiM
7.3 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by the
manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
specied in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from a
representative sample taken during the pouring of the master
heat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaser
or his representative.
7.4 Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 shall be used
for referee purposes. Test Methods E30 or Methods E38 shall
be used if Test Methods E76 or Test Methods E354 do not
include a method for some element present in the material.
8. Tensile Properties
8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heat
except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heat
is used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be made
from each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Test
results shall conform to the tensile requirements specied in
Table 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the
same heat as the castings represented.
8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be
heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the
castings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, the
bar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated.
8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc-
ers option, instead of from test bars.
8.4 When castings are produced by methods other than
investment process, tension test coupons shall be machined to
the form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested in
accordance with, Test Methods E8.
8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro-
cess, test specimens in accordance with Specication A732/
A732M shall be used for measurement of tensile properties.
8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops
aws, it may be discarded and another substituted from the
same heats.
8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require-
ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded
in accordance with Practice E29 to the nearest 500 psi [3.5
TABLE 2 Heat Treat Requirements
Grade Heat Treatment
CZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C,
M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiM
As cast
M25S, Class 2
A
Load into furnace at 600F [315C] maximum. Heat to 1600F [870C] and hold
for 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each
1
2 in. [13 mm] of cross section over 1
in.
B
Cool to 1300F [705C]
C
and hold at temperature for 30 min then quench in
oil to room temperature.
M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600F [315C] maximum. Heat slowly to 1100F [605C] and
hold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.
N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000F [1095C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150F [1175C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900F [1040C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CX2MW Heat to 2200F [1205C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.
CU5MCuC Heat to 2100F [1150C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815F [940-990C], hold for
sufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by
other means.
CX2M Heat to 2100F [1150C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.
A
M25S, while machinable in the as-cast condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to the
hardness specied in Table 3 and nished machined or ground.
B
For cross sections over 6 in. [125 mm], it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.
C
For maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at 1600F [870C] to a second oven at 1300F [705C].
A494/A494M 09
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MPa] for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % for
elongation and reduction of area.
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion-
resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-
plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion-
resistant shot or by other approved methods.
10. Quality
10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg-
nated to stop leaks.
10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu-
facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affected
cast material must be completely removed.
11. Repair by Welding
11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedure
and operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo-
sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of the
castings.
11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of a
casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth of
the cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of the
actual wall thickness, or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller,
or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10
in.
2
[65 cm
2
]. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.
Major and minor weld repairs shall be subject to the same
quality standards as are used to inspect the castings.
11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not be
weld repaired.
11.4 Grades N12MV, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,
CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC may
require post-weld heat treatment after major weld repairs. If
post-weld heat treatment is required, it must be specied along
with the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordance
with Section 6.
11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-
ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ER
NiCrMo3 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.
12. Rejection and Rehearing
12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-
served for two weeks from the date of transmission of the
rejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the
tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within
that time.
13. Product Marking
13.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identication
with the ASTM specication designation (A494/A494M) and
grade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturers name or
identication mark and the pattern number shall be cast or
stamped on all castings except those of such small size as to
make such marking impractical. To minimize small defects
caused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number of
cast identication marks shall be minimized. The marking of
heat numbers on individual castings shall be agreed upon by
the manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in such
position as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.
13.1.1 When the castings are too small to mark individually,
a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castings
and the required identication then placed on a tag affixed to
the container in which these castings are shipped.
14. Keywords
14.1 corrosion-resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloy
castings; nickel alloys; nickel castings
TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties
Alloy
Family
Ni Ni-Cu Ni-Mo Ni-Cr Other
CZ100 M25S M30C M30H M35-1 M35-2 N3M N7M N12MV CU5-
MCuC
CW2M CW6M CW6MC CW-
12MW
CX2M CX2MW CY40 CY5S-
nBiM
Tensile strength,
min, ksi [MPa]
50
[345]
... 65
[450]
100
[690]
65
[450]
65
[450]
76
[525]
76
[525]
76
[525]
75
[520]
72
[495]
72
[495]
70
[485]
72
[495]
72
[495]
80
[550]
70
[485]
...
Yield strength,
min, ksi [MPa]
18
[125]
... 32.5
[225]
60
[415]
25
[170]
30
[205]
40
[275]
40
[275]
40
[275]
35
[240]
40
[275]
40
[275]
40
[275]
40
[275]
39
[270]
45
[310]
28
[195]
...
Elongation in 2 in.
[50 mm],
A
min, %
10 ... 25 10 25 25 20.0 20 6 20 20 25 25 4 40 30 30 ...
Hardness HB ...
B
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specication A732/A732M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.
B
300 HB minimum for the age hardened condition.
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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
The following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specied in the purchase order. A
list of standard supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is included in
Specication A781/A781M. Those which are ordinarily considered for use with this specication are
given below; others enumerated in Specication A781/A781M may be used with this specication
upon agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S2. Radiographic Examination
S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination
S6. Certication
S10. Hardness Tests
S10.1 When composition M25S material is ordered with a
hardness maximum or range in the as-cast or solution-treated
condition, hardness tests shall be made in accordance with Test
Methods and Denitions A370. The test location, number of
tests, and hardness values shall be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and purchaser.
S10.1.1 If castings are ordered in the as-cast condition,
hardness determinations shall be made on two different repre-
sentative areas of each casting or coupon selected for test.
S10.1.1.1 By agreement between purchaser and producer,
those as-cast castings that fail to meet the required hardness
may be accepted in the solution annealed and hardened
condition if the hardness thus developed meets the hardness
requirement of the specication.
S10.1.2 If castings ordered are in the solution-treated con-
dition, two sample castings or two coupons representing the lot
shall be heat treated for tests (see S10.1.1). Hardness determi-
nations shall be made on two different representative areas of
each casting or coupon.
S10.1.3 When hardness tests are made, the specimens shall
be at least
1
4 in. [6 mm] in thickness and the area to be tested
shall be ground clean before the hardness tests are made.
S22. Weldability Test
S22.1 If weldability tests are specied for M30C or M35-1,
prepare a coupon obtained from a test bar shown in Fig. S22.1
or Fig. S22.2 for each lot of composition M30C or M35-1
castings. The weld test to be used shall be agreed upon between
the purchaser and manufacturer.
S22.1.1 Prepare and weld the test bar cast in accordance
with Fig. S22.1 and in accordance with Fig. S22.3.
S22.1.1.1 Machine the cast skin and unsound metal from
two adjacent faces of the as-cast specimen, exclude the riser
face, and cut the specimen into approximately 6-in. [150-mm]
lengths.
S22.1.1.2 Clamp the two 6-in. [150 mm] lengths together to
form a double V-joint and weld two passes at a time on
alternate sides of the specimen using
1
8-in. [3-mm] diameter
electrodes that will deposit metal of similar composition of the
test pieces.
S22.1.1.3 Allow the specimen to cool to room temperature
between passes, remove all ux, and examine visually for
cracks.
S22.1.1.4 The clamps may be removed from the specimen
after the rst two weld passes have been completed.
S22.1.1.5 Deposit alternate series of passes until the double
V-groove has been completely lled. After the second series
(number 4 pass) a
5
32-in. [4-mm] diameter electrode may be
used if desired.
S22.1.1.6 During welding allow each pass to cool, clean,
and examine visually for cracks. The presence of cracks shall
be cause for rejection.
S22.1.1.7 Upon completion of the welding, cut one section
approximately
3
4 in. [19 mm] long transverse to the weld from
each end and discard.
S22.1.1.8 Polish each end of the remaining center section on
a 100/200-grit wheel and etch with concentrated HNO
3
or with
Lepitos etchant. Prepare Lepitos etchant as follows: (1) 15 g
of (NH
4
)
2
SO
4
dissolved in 75 cm
3
of water; (2) 250 g of
FeCl
3
(powdered) dissolved in 100 cm
3
of HCl; (3) mix
solutions (1) and (2) and add 30 cm
3
of HNO
3
.
S22.1.1.9 Examine the etched section under low magnica-
tion (5 to 103). The lot represented by the test specimen shall
be accepted if it complies with the following crack require-
ments: (1) Three cracks maximum in linear inch of base metal
and (2) the length of any crack in the base metal does not
exceed 0.20 in. [5 mm].
S22.1.1.10 Cracks observed in the weld metal during the
low-magnication examination shall not be cause for rejection.
Metric Equivalents
in. 1 3 4 12
[mm] [25] [75] [100] [305]
NOTERiser shall be machined off and 1 in. [25 mm] square by 12 in.
[305 mm] coupon shall be used for x-weld test. See Fig. S22.3.
FIG. S22.1 Weld Test Bar (As Cast)
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S22.1.1.11 Failure of welded test bars to comply with any of
the requirements S22.1 through S22.1.1.10 shall result in
rejection of the lot represented.
S22.1.2 Prepare and weld the test bar cast in accordance
with Fig. S22.2 as follows:
S22.1.2.1 Fill the groove in the block completely with weld
deposit using manual metallic arc process with
1
8-in. [3.2mm]
or
5
32-in. [4-mm] diameter electrodes that will deposit metal of
similar composition of the test piece.
S22.1.2.2 Remove one
3
8-in. [10-mm] thick bend coupon
longitudinally from the welded block by machining, sawing,
abrasive cutting, or other suitable means. Make a transverse
side bend test of the welded joint in accordance with Practice
A488/A488M.
S22.1.2.3 Remove a transverse weld macro-specimen from
the welded plate and visually examine for cracks. This speci-
men may be the same one to be used for the bend specimen.
S22.1.3 Acceptance:
S22.1.3.1 Cracks as tears in the casting in the fusion zone or
heat-affected zone of the macro-specimen shall be cause for
rejection. Cracks originating at the weld bead undercuts, at
weld slag inclusions, or at casting defects shall not be cause for
rejection.
S22.1.3.2 Cracks or other open defects exceeding
1
8-in. [3.2
mm] measured in any direction on the convex surface of the
bent specimens shall be cause for rejection, except that cracks
occurring on the corners while testing and cracks originating at
weld bead undercuts shall not be considered.
Metric Equivalents
in.
1
4
3
8
3
4 1
1
8 2
3
4 3
1
4 6
[mm] [5] [10] [20] [30] [70] [85] [155]
FIG. S22.2 Weld Test Bar (As Cast)
Metric Equivalents
in.
3
4 4
1
2
[mm] [20] [115]
FIG. S22.3 X-Weld Test
A494/A494M 09
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SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identied the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A494/A494M 08) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2009.)
(1) Table 1 was corrected to include correct UNS numbers:
N26059 for alloy CX2M and N26022 for alloy CX2MW.
Committee A01 has identied the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A494/A494M 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2008.)
(1) Added a new Paragraph 7.2 with requirements for unspeci-
ed residual elements and renumbered the following two
paragraphs.
(2) Added alloy family headings and re-grouped the alloys.
(3) Added Footnote B in Table 1 for new elemental analysis
and reporting requirements.
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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COPYRIGHT/).
A494/A494M 09
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