Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00

Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

USD (Ultimate Strength Design)

LOADS & LOAD FACTORS
CHAPTER 2

Dead Loads
Gravity / Vertical Forces
Live Loads
Wind Loads
Horizontal / Lateral Forces
Earthquake Loads

Earthquake Load

Wind Load

For light structures, the design load is the wind load

For heavy structures / high storey buildings, the design load is the earthquake load

Unit weight of pure concrete = 145 pcf or 22.83 kN/m3

Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 150 pcf or 23.60 kN/m3 OR 24 kN/m3
LOAD FACTOR

Dead Load= 100 x 1.40

= 140

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Live Load = 100 x 1.70

= 170

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

LOAD COMBINATION
1.40DL + 1.7 LL
U = required strength
= 0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L +1.7W)
= 1.05 D + 1.275 L + 1.275 W
U = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E
f 1= 0.5 for normal buildings (for other live loads)
= 1.0 for floor in places of public assembly area, for live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa,
and for garage live load

PD = 120 kN
PL = 60 kN
Find: Pu
Pu = 1.4 (120) + 1.7 (60)
= 270 kN
Find: MU (Design Factored Moment)
MU = 1.2 Pu = 1.2(270)
MU = 324 kN.m
OR:
MD = 1.2 PD = 1.2(120) = 144 kN.m
ML = 1.2 PL = 1.2(60) = 72 kN.m
MU = 1.4 MD + 1.7 ML
= 1.4(144) + 1.7(72)
MU = 324 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Problem:

Find: Design Moment @ B

Dead Loads: @ ABC
DFBA =

= 0.714285
+ 1/10

DFBC = 0.285715
FEMBC = WL2 = 30(10) 2 = 250 kN.m
12

12

13
Final Moment:
Due to Dead Load,
MB = 178.571 kN.m
Due to Live Load:
(Since WL = WD /3), MB = 178.571 / 3 = 59.524 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
DueAlberto
to Earthquake
Load:
Engr.
S. Caete
- Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

MB = + 25
Load Case 1 :
1.40D + 1.7L

MU = 1.4(178.571) + 1.7(59.324)
= 351.19 kN.m

Load Case 2: (f1 = 0.5) (PE

MU = 1.32D + 1.1 f1L + 1.1 E

MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) 1.1(25)
MU = 240.95 kN.m
Load Case 3: (PE
)
MU = 1.32(178.571) + 1.1(0.5)(59.524) + 1.1(25)
MU = 295.95 kN.m

DESIGN MOMENT
MU = 351.19 kN.m
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR
(Art. 409 4.2)
= 0.90 (moment)
= 0.85 (shear)

= 0.75 (spiral columns)

= 0.70 (tied columns)

ex.
MCAP = 100 x 0.90
= 90 kN.m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday
5:00PROBLEM:
9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
SAMPLE
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Analysis :
Given : b, d, As, f' c, fy
Find : Mu = Mn, =0.90 for moment
= 0.85 for shear
Mn =nominal moment capacity
Mu = Mn =ultimate moment cap.

Balanced Condition:

a = 1 c

c
d
0.003
600
=
c =
d=
d
0.003 0.003 + (fy/Es )
0.003 + (fy/Es )
600 + fy
Asfy = ab 0.85f' c
600
d
600 + fy
600
0.85f' c
As = 1
db
600 + fy
fy

a = 1 c = 1

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

As
=
bd
b

min

max

f
0.85
fy

=1

f' c
=
4fy
=
0.75

or

bal

'c

600

600 +
fy

As min
1.40
=
=
; choose w/c ever is
fy
bd

under reinforced
min

As
=
bd

act

bal

f
0.85
fy

=1 (

'c

)(

600
)
600 +
fy

0.05
=
0.85 (f' c - 30)
7
4
Req' d
vs.
3
1

min

Pr ocedure :
1.)
max (4.10.4.3)

(4.10.6)
As
2.) =
bd
3.) If

use As =
bd

use As =
As
=

3

use As = As
4
min

act

act

max

max

min

act

4.)
5.)

max

act

min

act

Asfy
a =
0.85f' cb

Mu

=
0.90
Asfy(d -

max

a
)
2

act

Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu Mn Mn

Mu

As = bd
Asfy
0.85f' c(b)
Mu
a
bdfy
= Asfy(d - ) = bdfy(d )

2
1.7f' cb
fy
Mu
= bd 2 fy(1 )

1.7f' c
Mu
Req' d bd 2 =
R
fy
where R = fy(1 ) MPa
1.7f' c
M
M
=
s=
s

Let :
fy
fy
Mu
X=
= [1 ]
:m =
1.7f' c
0.85 f ' c
bd 2 fy
a=

X = [1 -

m
2

m 2
+ x =0
2
Req' d =1

=1 -

m
X
4
m
2
2

1- 4

1 - 2mX
m

Design :
Given : f' c, fy, Mu (factored moment / design moment)
Find : a.) Req' d bd 2
b.) Req' d As
Mu Mn Mn

Mu

As = bd
Asfy
0.85f' c(b)
Mu
a
bdfy
= Asfy(d - ) = bdfy(d )

2
1.7f' cb
Mu
fy
= bd 2 fy(1)

1.7f' c
Mu
Req' d bd 2 =
R
fy
where R = fy(1 ) MPa
1.7f' c 2
M
M
=
s=
s

Let :
a=

Mu
fy
= [1 ]
2
1.7f'
c
bd fy
m
X = [1 ]
2
m 2
+ x = 0
2
m
1- 4 X
4
Req' d =1
m
2
2
1 - 2mX
=1 m
X=

:m =

fy
0.85f ' c

As = bd
Procedure :
1.) max , min

2.) Choose < max

> min

3.) R = fy(1-

fy

)
1.7f' c
Mu
4.) Req' d bd 2 =
R
choose b & d & h
Mu
fy
5.) X =
&m=
2
0.85f' c
bd fy
1 - 2mX
m
7.) Req' d As = bd
As
n=
no. of bars
Ab
6.) req' d =1 -

Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beam

Concrete Stress Strain Diagram

Steel Stress Strain Diagram

Cc kd
kd 1/3 d

a = 1 c (article 410.3.7.3)
1 = 0.85 for fc < 30 Mpa
1 = 0.8 0.05 (fc 30) for fc > 30 Mpa
7
Ultimate Strength Design (USD)
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
1 0.65
Lecture Notes
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
2k6 2k7
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Steel: y = fy
Es

GRADE 40
y =

276
= 0.00138
200,000

ANALYSIS:
Given: b, d, As, fc, fy
Find: Mn = Nominal Moment Capacity
Mu = Mo = Ultimate Moment Capacity

F = 0 Cc = Ts
0.85 fc a b = As fy
M = 0
Mn = Cc or Ts (d a)
2
Maximum Steel Ratio, max
Under Reinforced
< 0.75 bal
Balance Condition.
Cb =

0.003
d=
0.003 d
0.003 + y
0.003 + fy
Es

Cb =

600 d
600 + fy

Es
Es

Cb = 1 cb
Balance Condition
Strain
Note: Es
= 200,( 000
Reinforced Concrete
Design
RCDMPa
1)
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

F = 0 => a = As fy
Lecture Notes
0.85 fc h
2k6 2k7

Reqd < min => 4 reqd vs. min whichever is

3
lesser

As = 0.85 fc a b
fy
Asb = 0.85 fc ab b
fy
= 0.85 fc b (1 600 d)
fy
600 + fy
bal = Asbal = 1 0.85 fc
bd
fy

600
600 + fy

max = 0.75b
Maximum Steel Ratio, min
min = Asmin = fc or 1.4 whichever is
Bd
4fy
fy
greater

1) act = As , max , min

bd
2) If act > max
use : = max
As = max bd
If pmax > act > pmin
use : act = actual
As = Asactual
If p < min
use: = (4/3) act
As = (3/4) Asactual
3) a = Asfy
0.85 fc b
4) Mn = Asfy (d a/2)
Mu = Mn

Design
Given: fc, fy
Mu factored Moment = Mn => Mn = Mu/
1) max, min
PART A: Design of Beam Section (b & d)
2) Choose (based max & min)

R = fy1

fy

1.7f ' c

3) Reqd bd2 = Mu
R
Choose b and d
PART B: Design of Main Reinforcements (As)
4) As
a. X = Mu
bd2 fy
b. m =

fy
0.85 fc

c. Reqd =

1 1 2mX
m

d. As = bd
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

A s fy

Mn = A s fy d = A s fy d 2
2
0.85f ' cb

bdfy

Mn = bdfy d

1.7f ' cb

Mn
fy

= fy1
=R
2
bd
1.7f ' c
Mu
fy
let X =
and m =
2
0.85f ' c
bd fy

let =

As
: A s = bd
bd

fy
2 m

X =
1

2(0.85f ' c)
2

2 m
X = 0
2

:=

1 1 4(m / 2)X
2( m / 2)

1 1 2mX
: =

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Example1
Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam section shown. Use fc = 35 MPa and GR. 60 bars.

Solution :
0.05
0.05
1.) 1 = 0.85 (f ' c 30)
= 0.85 (35 30)

7
7
1 = 0.81429
0.85f ' c 600

max = 0.75 Bal = 0.75 1

fy 600 + fy
0.85x 35 600
max = (0.75)(0.81429)

414 600 + 414

max = 0.031890

f' c
35
=
= 0.0035725
min =
4fy 4x414

(higher value) min = 0.0038164

1.4 1.4
=
= 0.0038164
min =
fy 414

As

act =
: As = (282 )(4) = 2463.01 mm 2
bd
4
2463.01
ct =
= 0.013031
300x630
2.) max > act > min
= act = 0.013031
As = Asact
3.) a =

Asfy
2463.01x414
=
= 114.25
0.85f' cb 0.85x 35x 300

a
4.) Mu = Mn = Asfy(d )
2
114.25

-6
Mu = 0.9(2463.01)(414) 630
(1 10 )
2

Mu = 525.74 kN - m
Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c = 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use = 0.015, d = 2b and
h = d + (d b /2 + d bs + 50)
where : d bs = stirrup bar diameter = 12mm ; d b = 32mm
PD = 70 kN

PL = 50 kN

WD = 20kN/m WL = 15kN/m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Solution :
1.) .85 (.05 / 7) (35 30) = 0.81429

max = (.75)(0.81429)[(.85 35) / 414][600/(600 + 414)] = 0.031890

min = f' c /4fy
= 35 /4(414) or 1.4/fy
=.0035725 or .0038164

min = .0038164

act = As/bd ; As = / 4( 28 )(4)

2

As = 2463.01 mm 2
ct = 2463.01/(300 630) = 0.013031
2.) max > act > min

= act = 0.013031
As = As act
3.) a = Asfy/(0.85f' c)
= 2463.01(414)/[0.85(35)(300)
=114.25
4.) Mu = 0.9(2463.01)(414)[630 - (114025/2)](1 10 -6 )
Mu = 5250.54 kN/m
Example no. 2
Design the beam shown using f' c = 21MPa and Gr. 40 bars : Use = 0.015, d = 2b and
h = d + (d b /2 + d bs + 50)
where : d bs = stirrup bar diameter =12mm ; d b = 32mm
PD = 70 kN

PL = 50 kN

WD = 20kN/m

WL =15kN/m

Pu = 1.4(70) + 1.7(50)
= 183kN
Wu = 1.4(20) + 1.7(15)
= 53.5kN/m

M max
M max

WuL2
(53.5)(102 )
= Pu(1.5)(2) + Pu(0.5)(3) +
= 183(1.5)(2) + 183(0.50)(3) +
8
8
= 1492.25 kNm

0.85f' c 600
0.85x21 600

= 0.85
bal = 1

276 600 + 276

fy 600 + fy
bal = 0.037653
max = 0.75bal = 0.75(0.037653)
max = 0.028246

f' c 21
=
= 0.0041509
min =

4fy 4x 276
min = 0.0050746

= 1.4 = 1.4 = 0.0050746

min fy 276

fy

0.015x276
R = fy1
= (0.015)(276)1
1.7x21
1.7f ' c

R = 3659900 MPa

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

Re q ' d bd 2 = Mu/ R
d = 2b :
1492.25 x 106
0.90 x 3.65990
3
4b = 453.03 106
b = 483.84 mm say 500mm round to nearest 50
b(2b) 2 =

d=

Mu/R
=
500

bd 2
500

453.03 106
500
d =951.87 mm
h =951.9 +[(32/2) +12 +50]
h =951.9 + 78
h =1029.9 mm
say 1100 mm round to nearest 100
d act =1100 - 78
d=

d act =1022 mm
4.) Req' d As
Mu
1492.25x106
=
bd 2fy
0.9 x 500 x (1022) 2 x 276
X =0.0115

a. X =

fy
276
=
0.85f' c
0.85x 21
m =15.462
Req' d :
b. m =

1 1 ( 2 x15.462 x 0.0115)
1 - 1 - 2mX
=
m
15.462
= 0.012760
As =bd
=0.012756(500)(1022)_
=

As =6518.316 mm 2
As
6518.316
=
Ab
( /4)(32) 2
n =8.10 say 9 pcs. 32 mm bars (round up)
n=

E = 4.7 40 = 29.725 GPa

IC =

1
4
1 3 L 1 wL3 L 1 1
3 L
(400)(800)3QUIZ
= 17.067
x109
mm
(USD)
4:
ULTIMATE
STRENGTH

=
wL + DESIGN
wL
1
12
3
2
4
6
5
2
2

1
1 wL4 11wL4
1
4
4
1 = 3 F+R
FR (3000
= )
200
N/mm
(8000)
mm
(8000)
1. Given fc = 40 MPa & grade
60 bars
120 EI
6 120 912= EI
9
120determine
* 29
.725 *the
17Design
.067 *positive
10
3 and
*29
.725 *17.moments.
067
*10
2
a.)
max.
3
Ultimate
Reinforced
Concrete
( RCD
1 )negative
(50) * 83 Strength Design (USD)
FR L
2
4

=
b.) determine
the/ Thursday
reqd bd 6:00
for a steel
of 0.01
Lecture Notes
Monday
5:00 9:00
9:00ratio
2
417175ofN28 mm 3EI
R =
determine
the reqd
number
based on b=400 mm for analysis
2k6 2k7
Engr.c.)Alberto
S. Caete
-FProfessor
COMPATIBILITY
F
L
R
1 b=400 mm
assume
and
h=
800
mm
3 =
M neg = ( 200)(8) 2 417.18 * 8 = 3337
.4 kN - m
1 2 = 3
AE
3

c.) d =
x=

953.79
*1000 = 1544.2 mm
400
MU

bd 2 fy

3337.4 *106
0.9 * 400(1544.2) 2 * 414

= 0.0093907

414
= 12.176
0.85 * 40
1 1 2(12.176)(0.0093907)
Req' d =
= 0.0099994
12.176
Point of zero shear,
0.from
05 fixed support
1 = 0.85
( 40 30) = 0.77857
1
7 ) 417.18 = 382.82 kN
VL = (200)(800
2
0.85 * 40
600
max = 0.75 * 0.77857 *
*
= 0.028376
200
414
600 * 414
w( x) =
x
40 8
min
=
= 0.0038192
governs!
1
1 200
2
w( x )4**x414
= VL
x = 382.82 kN x = 5.5340 m
2
2 8
1.4
=
= 0.0033816
2
M pos =414(5.534)(382.82) = 1412.4 kN - m < 3337.4 kN - m
min
=30.0038192
Mmax
= 3337.4
kN
Since req' d
<
AS =
bd- m
max
M=

> min

= 0.0099994 * 400 *1544.2

Reinforced Concrete Design

( RCD 1 ) 4
0.01 *=414
mm
b.
R
=
0.01
*
414
1
.8879 MPa
=39:00
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday6176.4
6:00
1
.
7
*
40

6176- .Professor
4
Engr. Alberto S.
Caete
n=
= 10.03 say
10 or 11 bars
6

M
3337.4 *10
Req' d. bd 2 = *U(28
= )2
= 953.79 *106 mm3
0.9 * 3.8879
4R

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7

2.) Determine the maximum live load WL that the beam can carry based on the capacity of the
beam section @ B shown below. Use WD = 10 kN/m, fc = 28 MPa, and grade 40 bars.

VC =

1 (1.7 WL ) 7.5 (1.4 WD )7.5

+
= 2.125WL + 52.5
3
2
2

1
2.5 1
2
(0.51WL )(2.5)
+ (1.4 * 10) + ( 2.125WL + 52.5)2.5
2
3 2
M B = 175 + 5.8438WL
MB =

0.85 * 28
600
*
= 0.037653
276
600 * 276
28
1.4
=
= 0.0047930 or
= 0.0050725 min = 0.0050725
4 * 276
276

max = 0.75 * 0.85 *

min

d = 650 +
AS =

( 25) 2 * 4
(25) 2 * 4 + (20) 2 * 3

[4 * 25
4

* 80 = 704.05 mm

+ 3 * 202 = 2905.97 = 2906 mm 2

< max
2906
= 0.010319
> min
400 * 704.05
2906 * 276
a=
= 84.250 mm
0.85 * 28 * 400
84.250

6
Mn = 0.9 * 2906 * 276 704.05 * 10 = 477.81 kN - m = 175 + 5.8438WL
2

WL = 51.817 kN/m

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor

Ultimate Strength Design (USD)

Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7