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    Calorimetry: Heat of Solution of Ammonium Nitrate

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    Sevy
    Calorimetry is used to determine the heat of solution of ammonium nitrate. A calorimeter is well-insulated to prevent heat gain or loss. When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, the heat released (qrxn) is the heat of solution. The total heat of the calorimeter system (q) equals the heat of the reaction (qrxn) plus the heat of the calorimeter (qcal) and the heat of the solution (qsoln). The temperature change of each component before and after the reaction is used along with the heat capacity to calculate the heat. The objective is to determine the heat of reaction (qrxn), which can then be reported as the m

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    Calorimetry: Heat of Solution of Ammonium Nitrate

    Uploaded by

    Sevy
    15 views2 pages
    Calorimetry is used to determine the heat of solution of ammonium nitrate. A calorimeter is well-insulated to prevent heat gain or loss. When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, the heat released (qrxn) is the heat of solution. The total heat of the calorimeter system (q) equals the heat of the reaction (qrxn) plus the heat of the calorimeter (qcal) and the heat of the solution (qsoln). The temperature change of each component before and after the reaction is used along with the heat capacity to calculate the heat. The objective is to determine the heat of reaction (qrxn), which can then be reported as the m

    Original Description:

    calorimetry

    Original Title

    Chemistry

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    Calorimetry is used to determine the heat of solution of ammonium nitrate. A calorimeter is well-insulated to prevent heat gain or loss. When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, the heat released (qrxn) is the heat of solution. The total heat of the calorimeter system (q) equals the heat of the reaction (qrxn) plus the heat of the calorimeter (qcal) and the heat of the solution (qsoln). The temperature change of each component before and after the reaction is used along with the heat capacity to calculate the heat. The objective is to determine the heat of reaction (qrxn), which can then be reported as the m

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Calorimetry: Heat of Solution of Ammonium Nitrate

    Uploaded by

    Sevy
    Calorimetry is used to determine the heat of solution of ammonium nitrate. A calorimeter is well-insulated to prevent heat gain or loss. When ammonium nitrate dissolves in water, the heat released (qrxn) is the heat of solution. The total heat of the calorimeter system (q) equals the heat of the reaction (qrxn) plus the heat of the calorimeter (qcal) and the heat of the solution (qsoln). The temperature change of each component before and after the reaction is used along with the heat capacity to calculate the heat. The objective is to determine the heat of reaction (qrxn), which can then be reported as the m

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Calorimetry

    Heat of Solution of Ammonium Nitrate


    Concepts
    Calorimeters are designed to be well-insulated, so no heat is gained from or lost to the
    surroundings. If no heating element is used to introduce heat in the system, the total heat (q) for
    the entire calorimeter system must equal zero. The total heat can be split into heats for each
    component in the system.
    Imagine a reaction in which solid ammonium nitrate (a component in some fertilizers and an
    explosive) is dissolved in water to produce an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution.
    NH4NO3 (s) NH4+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)
    The heat flow (qrxn) for this reaction is called the heat of solution for ammonium nitrate. When
    the reaction is finished, the system contains two substances, the calorimeter itself and the
    aqueous solution, and there is a heat associated with each component. The heat balance for this
    experiment is thus
    0 = q = qrxn + qcal + qsoln
    The basic strategy in calorimetry is to use a temperature change and a heat capacity to determine
    a heat flow. In this experiment all substances have the same initial and final temperatures.
    qcal = Ccal T = Ccal ( Tf - Ti )
    qsoln = Csoln T = msoln ssoln ( Tf - Ti )
    One typically determines the heat capacity of the aqueous solution (Csoln) from the mass of the
    solution (msoln) and the specific heat capacity of the solution (ssoln). The mass of the solution is
    the sum of the masses of the water and ammonium nitrate originally placed in the calorimeter.
    The specific heat capacity of the aqueous solution is usually close to that of pure water (4.184 J
    o -1 -1
    C g ).
    The objective of this experiment is to determine the heat of reaction (in this case a heat of
    solution). The above equations can be combined and rearranged to yield a working equation:
    qrxn = - qcal - qsoln = - ( Ccal + msoln ssoln ) ( Tf - Ti )
    Just as the heat capacity of a substance is an extensive property, so the heat of solution is an
    extensive property. It is generally more convenient to report intensive properties, thus the heat
    capacity of a substance is usually reported as a specific heat capacity, that is, the heat capacity
    per gram of substance. Similarly one can report a specific heat of solution, which is the heat a

    solution per gram of solute. More commonly, though, the molar heat of solution is reported. The
    molar heat of solution (Hsoln) is the heat of solution (qrxn) per mole of solute (n).

    Hsoln =

    qrxn
    n

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