452 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

Problem 7.4-7 An element in pure shear is subjected to stresses y

xy
3000 psi, as shown in the figure.
Using Mohr’s circle, determine (a) the stresses acting on an
3000 psi
element oriented at a counterclockwise angle 
70° from the
x axis and (b) the principal stresses. Show all results on sketches
O x
of properly oriented elements.

Solution 7.4-7 Pure shear

x
0 y
0
xy
3000 psi y
(a) ELEMENT AT 
70 D 1930 psi
(All stresses in psi)
2
140 
70 R
3000 psi 1930 psi
Origin O is at center of circle. 
70

x
B (
90) D'
O
D
2300 psi
R
2 =
140
P2 R O 50 P1 (b) PRINCIPAL STRESSES
x1
2p1 Point P1: 2up1
90 up1
45
3000 psi
1
R
3000 psi
Point P2: 2up2
90 up2
45
D' 2
R
3000 psi
A (
0)

x1y1
y
Point D: sx1
R cos 50
1928 psi
tx1y1
R sin 50
2298 psi 3000 psi 3000 psi

Point D: sx1
R cos 50
1928 psi p1
45

tx1y1
R sin 50
2298 psi P1
O x

P2

Problem 7.4-8 An element in pure shear is subjected to stresses y

xy
16 MPa, as shown in the figure.
Using Mohr’s circle, determine (a) the stresses acting on an element
oriented at a counterclockwise angle 
20° from the x axis and (b)
the principal stresses. Show all results on sketches of properly oriented O x
elements.
16 MPa
 SECTION 7.4 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 453

Solution 7.4-8 Pure shear

x
0 y
0
xy
16 MPa y
(a) ELEMENT AT 
20 10.3 MPa D
(All stresses in MPa) D' 10.3 MPa
2
40 
20 R
16 MPa
Origin O is at center of circle. 
20
O x
12.3 MPa
A (
0)
D
(
20) 2
R (b) PRINCIPAL STRESSES
16
2p2
Point P1: 2up1
270 up1
135
P2 R P1 1
R
16 MPa
O x1
2p1 Point P2: 2up2
90 up2
45
2
R
16 MPa
y
D'
B (
90) P2

x1y1 16 MPa
16 MPa

Point D: sx1
R sin 2u
10.28 MPa P1 p2
45

tx1y1
R cos 2u
12.26 MPa
O x
Point D: sx1
R sin 2u
10.28 MPa
tx1y1
R cos 2u
12.26 MPa

Problem 7.4-9 An element in pure shear is subjected to stresses

y

xy
4000 psi, as shown in the figure. 3
Using Mohr’s circle, determine (a) the stresses acting on an element 4
oriented at a slope of 3 on 4 (see figure) and (b) the principal stresses.
Show all results on sketches of properly oriented elements.
O x

4000 psi

Solution 7.4-9 Pure shear

x
0 y
0
xy
4000 psi B (
90)

(a) ELEMENT AT A SLOPE OF 3 ON 4

3 R
(All stresses in psi) u
arctan
36.870 16.260
4 D'
2
73.740 
36.870 P2 P1
3 R
4000 psi O x1
 Origin O is at center of circle. 2 R D
4 2p1 4000
R
A (
0)

x1y1
454 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

Point D: sx1
R cos 16.260
3840 psi (b) PRINCIPAL STRESSES

tx1y1
R sin 16.260
1120 psi Point P1: 2up1
90 up1
45
Point D: sx1
R cos 16.260
3840 psi 1
R
4000 psi
tx1y1
R sin 16.260
1120 psi Point P2: 2up2
90 up2
45
2
R
4000 psi
y
3840 psi y
D
P1
D' 3840 psi
4000 psi 4000 psi

36.87
p1
45
O x
1120 psi O x

P2

y
Problems 7.4-10 through 7.4-15 An element in plane stress is subjected
to stresses x, y, and
xy (see figure). y
Using Mohr’s circle, determine the stresses acting on an element
oriented at an angle  from the x axis. Show these stresses on a sketch
of an element oriented at the angle . (Note: The angle  is positive
xy
when counterclockwise and negative when clockwise.) x
O x

Data for 7.4-10 x
21 MPa, y
11 MPa,
xy
8 MPa, 
50°

Solution 7.4-10 Plane stress (angle )

x
21 MPa y
11 MPa 
2  
100  
42.01

xy
8 MPa 
50 Point D (
50):
(All stresses in MPa) sx1
16  R cos b
23.01 MPa
tx1y1
R sin b
6.31 MPa
(
90)
B D (
50) Point D (
40):
11 sx1
16  R cos b
8.99 MPa
R R
tx1y1
R sin b
6.31 MPa
8 2

5   100
O x1 y
C
8
R 23.01 MPa
80 8.99 MPa
16 D' A (
0) 
50
21 D' D

x1y1 x
O
6.31 MPa
R

(5) 2  (8) 2
9.4340 MPa
8

arctan
57.99
5
 SECTION 7.4 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 455

Data for 7.4-11 x
4500 psi, y
14,100 psi,
xy
3100 psi, 
55°

Solution 7.4-11 Plane stress (angle )

x
4500 psi y
14,100 psi 
180  110  
37.14

xy
3100 psi 
55 Point D (
55):
(All stresses in psi) sx1
9300  R cos b
13,850 psi
tx1y1
R sin b
3450 psi
(
0) Point D(
35):
A D (
55)
sx1
9300  R cos b
4750 psi
2
110
4500
R R tx1y1
R sin b
3450 psi
3100
4800 y
O  x1
 C
3100
R 3450 psi 4750 psi
9300 D' B (
90)

14,100

x1y1
O D' x

55
R

(4800)  (3100)
5714 psi
2 2

3100 13,850 psi


arctan
32.86 D
4800

Data for 7.4-12 x
44 MPa, y
194 MPa,
xy
36 MPa, 
35°

Solution 7.4-12 Plane stress (angle )

x
44 MPa y
194 MPa Point D (
35):

xy
36 MPa 
35 sx1
119  R cos b
59.5 MPa
(All stresses in MPa) tx1y1
R sin b
58.2 MPa

44 Point D(
55):

D' sx1
119  R cos b
178.5 MPa
A (
0) tx1y1
R sin b
58.2 MPa
R
36
C
75   2
O x1 y
36 70
R D'
B R 178.5 MPa
(
90) D
(
35)
119
194 58.2 MPa

x1y1 O x

35
R

(75) 2  (36) 2
83.19 MPa
36

arctan
25.64 59.5 MPa
75 D

70  
44.36
456 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

Data for 7.4-13 x
1520 psi, y
480 psi,
xy
280 psi, 
18°

Solution 7.4-13 Plane stress (angle )

x
1520 psi y
480 psi 
  36
64.30

xy
280 psi 
18 Point D (
18):
(All stresses in psi) sx1
1000  R cos b
1256 psi
tx1y1
R sin b
532 psi
D' 480
B Point D(
108):
R (
90°) sx1
1000  R cos b
744 psi
280 tx1y1
R sin b
532 psi
520
 C O x1
280  y
280
2 744 psi
A
36 R
(
0) 1000 532 psi
D D' 1256 psi
(
18)
1520 
18

x1y1
O x
D
R

(520)  (280)
590.6 psi
2 2

280

arctan
28.30
520

Data for 7.4-14 x
31 MPa, y
5 MPa,
xy
33 MPa, 
45°

Solution 7.4-14 Plane stress (angle )

x
31 MPa y
5 MPa Point D (
45):

xy
33 MPa 
45 sx1
13  R cos b
46.0 MPa
(All stresses in MPa) tx1y1
R sin b
18.0 MPa
5
Point D(
135):
B
(
90°) sx1
13  R cos b
20.0 MPa
D (
45°) tx1y1
R sin b
18.0 MPa
33 R
C 
O 18  x1 y

13 33 33
D' R D
20 MPa 46.0 MPa
A (
0)
31 D' 
45

x1y1
O 18.0 MPa x
R

(18)  (33)
37.590 MPa
2 2

33

arctan
61.390
18

90  
28.610
 SECTION 7.4 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 457

Data for 7.4-15 x
5750 psi, y
750 psi,
xy
2100 psi, 
75°

Solution 7.4-15 Plane stress (angle ))

x
5750 psi y
750 psi R

(3250) 2  (2100) 2
3869 psi

xy
2100 psi 
75 2100

arctan
32.87
(All stresses in psi) 3250

  30
62.87
Point D (
75):
(
15)
D' sx1
2500  R cos b
735 psi
(
0) tx1y1
R sin b
3444 psi
A
30
R Point D(
15):
2100
3250 C O sx1
2500  R cos b
4265 psi
 x1 tx1y1
R sin b
3444 psi
2

150 2100
y
 735 psi
B (
90)
R 3444 psi D
Point D:
D 
75 
75°
2500
5750 750 x
O

x1y1 4265 psi

D'

y
Problems 7.4-16 through 7.4-23 An element in plane stress is
subjected to stresses x, y, and
xy (see figure).
y
Using Mohr’s circle, determine (a) the principal stresses and
(b) the maximum shear stresses and associated normal stresses.
Show all results on sketches of properly oriented elements.
xy
x
O x

Data for 7.4-16 x
31.5 MPa, y
31.5 MPa,
xy
30 MPa

Solution 7.4-16 Principal stresses

S2 31.5

B (
90)
x
31.5 MPa y
31.5 MPa
R
30
xy
30 MPa
P2 30 (All stresses in MPa)
O 31.5
x1
 P1 R

(31.5) 2  (30.0) 2
43.5 MPa
30 2P1 30

arctan
43.60
31.5
A 2s1
(
0)
31.5 S1

x1y1
458 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES

2up1
180  
136.40 up1
68.20 2us1
90  
46.40 us1
23.20
2up2

43.60 up2
21.80 2us2
2us1  180
226.40 us2
113.20
Point P1: 1
R
43.5 MPa Point S1: aver
0
max
R
43.5 MPa
Point P2: 2
R
43.5 MPa Point S2: aver
0
min
43.5 MPa

P1 y
43.5 MPa
S1
43.5 MPa p1
68.20 S2
s1
23.20
P2 x O x
O
43.5 MPa

Data for 7.4-17 x
8400 psi, y
0,
xy
1440 psi

Solution 7.4-17 Principal stresses

x
8400 psi y
0
xy
1440 psi y
(All stresses in psi) 240 psi

S2 P2 P1
8640 psi
(
90) R p1
9.46
B R
 P1 x1 O x
P2 O C 4200 1440
R
A (
0)
2s1
S1 (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
4200
8400 2us1
(90  )
71.08 us1
35.54
2us2
90  
108.92 us2
54.46

x1y1
Point S1: aver
4200 psi
max
R
4440 psi
R

(4200) 2  (1440) 2
4440 psi Point S2: aver
4200 psi
min
4440 psi
1440 y

arctan
18.92
4200 S2
S1 4200 psi
(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES
4200 psi
2up1

18.92 up1
9.46 s1
54.46
2up2
180  
198.92 up2
99.46 x
O 4440 psi
Point P1: 1
4200  R
8640 psi
Point P2: 2
4200  R
240 psi
 SECTION 7.4 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 459

Data for 7.4-18 x
0, y
22.4 MPa,
xy
6.6 MPa

Solution 7.4-18 Principal stresses

x
0 y
22.4 MPa y

xy
6.6 MPa
(All stresses in MPa) P2 24.2 MPa
P1
p2
74.74
S2
2p2 x
R A (
0) O
R 1.8 MPa
 6.6
P2
11.2 C O P1 x1
6.6
R (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
B
(
90) 2us1
  90
120.51 us1
60.26
S1 2us2
90  
59.49 us2
29.74
11.2
22.4
Point S1: aver
11.2 MPa
max
R
13.0 MPa

x1y1 Point S2: aver
11.2 MPa
min
13.0 MPa

R

(11.2) 2  (6.6) 2
13.0 MPa y

6.6

arctan
30.51
11.2 11.2 MPa S2
11.2 MPa
(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES S1
s2
29.74
2up1

30.51 up1
15.26
2up2
180  
149.49 up2
74.74 O x

Point P1: 1
R  11.2
1.8 MPa 13.0 MPa

Point P2: 2
11.2 R
24.2 MPa

Data for 7.4-19 x
1850 psi, y
6350 psi,
xy
3000 psi

Solution 7.4-19 Principal stresses

S2
B (
90)

R 3000
 x
1850 psi y
6350 psi
xy
3000 psi
P2 
(All stresses in psi)
O 2250 C P1 x1
2p1 R

(2250) 2  (3000) 2
3750 psi
3000

R R 3000

arctan
53.13
2s1 2260
A S1
(
0)
1850
4100

x1y1 6350
460 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES

2up1
180  
126.87 up1
63.43 2us1
90  
36.87 us1
18.43
2up2

53.13 up2
26.57 2us2
270  
216.87 us2
108.43
Point P1: 1
4100  R
7850 psi Point S1: aver
4100 psi
max
R
3750 psi
Point P2: 2
4100  R
350 psi Point S2: aver
4100 psi
min
3750 psi

y y

P1 4100 psi
7850 psi
P2 3750 psi
S2
350 psi P1
63.43 4100 psi
s1
18.43
O x O x
S1

Data for 7.4-20 x
3100 kPa, y
8700 kPa,
xy
4500 kPa

Solution 7.4-20 Principal stresses

y
x
3100 kPa y
8700 kPa

xy
4500 kPa
(All stresses in kPa) 11,200 kPa P2

P1 600 kPa
(
0)
A S2 p2
29.05
O x
R
4500
2p2
2800 P1
O P2 C x1
 (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
4500

R 4500
R 2us1
90  
148.11 us1
74.05
2us2
270  
328.11 us2
164.05
3100 S1
B (
90) Point S1: aver
5900 kPa
max
R
5300 kPa
5900

x1y1 8700 Point S2: aver
5900 kPa
min
5300 kPa
y
R

(2800) 2  (4500) 2
5300 kPa
4500 5900 kPa

arctan
58.11
2800 5300 kPa S1

(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES

s1
74.05
2up1
  180
238.11 up1
119.05 O x
2up2

58.11 up2
29.05 5900 kPa
S2
Point P1: 1
5900  R
11,200 kPa
Point P2: 2
5900  R
600 kPa
 SECTION 7.4 Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress 461

Data for 7.4-21 x
12,300 psi, y
19,500 psi,
xy
7700 psi

Solution 7.4-21 Principal stresses

x
12,300 psi y
19,500 psi y

xy
7700 psi
(All stresses in psi) 24,400 psi
p2
57.53
A (
0) P2
S2
2s2
R O x
7700
2p2 7700
P2 3600 P1 7400 psi
C O x1 P1

(b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
2us1
270  
205.06 us1
102.53
S1 12,300
B 15,900 2us2
90  
25.06 us2
12.53
19,500
x1y1
Point S1: aver
15,900 psi
max
R
8500 psi
Point S2: aver
15,900 psi
min
8500 psi
R

(3600) 2  (7700) 2
8500 psi
7700 y

arctan
64.94
3600
15,900 psi
(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES S1
S2
2up1

64.94 up1
32.47 15,900 psi
2up2
180  
115.06 up2
57.53 s2
12.53
Point P1: 1
15,900  R
7400 psi O x
Point P2: 2
15,900  R
24,400 psi
8500 psi

Data for 7.4-22 x
3.1 MPa, y
7.9 MPa,
xy
13.2 MPa

Solution 7.4-22 Principal stresses

3.1
(
0) A
S2

R x
3.1 MPa y
7.9 MPa

13.2

xy
13.2 MPa
C P1 (All stresses in MPa)
P2 O 5.5 x1 R

(5.5) 2  (13.2) 2
14.3 MPa
R 13.2 13.2

arctan
67.38
5.5
S1
B (
90)
2.4
7.9

x1y1
462 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES

2up1
180  
247.38 up1
123.69 2us1
  90
157.38 us1
78.69
2up2

67.38 up2
33.69 2us2
90  
22.62 us2
11.31
Point P1: 1
2.4  R
16.7 MPa Point S1: aver
2.4 MPa
max
R
14.3 MPa
Point P2: 2
R  2.4
11.9 MPa Point S2: aver
2.4 MPa
min
14.3 MPa
y y

S1 2.4 MPa
16.7 MPa
P2 S2
P1 11.9 MPa s1
78.69
p2
33.69

O x O x
2.4 MPa

14.3 MPa

Data for 7.4-23 x
700 psi, y
2500 psi,
xy
3000 psi

Solution 7.4-23 Principal stresses

y
x
700 psi y
2500 psi

xy
3000 psi
(All stresses in psi) 4300 psi
S1
s2 2500 psi
2500
p1
30.96
(
90) B S2
O x
R
3000
P2 1600 O P1
x1
C
 (b) MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESSES
R 3000
2us1
90  
28.07 us1
14.04
S1
A (
0) 2us2
90  
151.93 us2
75.96
700 Point S1: aver
900 psi
max
R
3400 psi
900
x1y1 Point S2: aver
900 psi
min
3400 psi

R

(1600) 2  (3000) 2
3400 psi y

3000

arctan
61.93 900 psi
1600
S2
(a) PRINCIPAL STRESSES s2
75.96

2up1

61.93 up1
30.96

O x
2up2
180  
241.93 up2
120.96
900 psi
Point P1: 1
900  R
2500 psi S1
Point P2: 2
900  R
4300 psi 3400 psi
 SECTION 7.5 Hooke’s Law for Plane Stress 463

Hooke’s Law for Plane Stress

When solving the problems for Section 7.5, assume that the material
is linearly elastic with modulus of elasticity E and Poisson’s ratio .
Problem 7.5-1 A rectangular steel plate with thickness t
0.25 in. is
subjected to uniform normal stresses x and y, as shown in the figure. y
Strain gages A and B, oriented in the x and y directions, respectively, are
attached to the plate. The gage readings give normal strains x
0.0010
y
(elongation) and y
0.0007 (shortening).
B A
Knowing that E
30 106 psi and 
0.3, determine the stresses O x
x
x and y and the change t in the thickness of the plate.

Probs. 7.5-1 and 7.5-2

Solution 7.5-1 Rectangular plate in biaxial stress

t
0.25 in. x
0.0010 y
0.0007 Eq. (7-40b):
E
30 106 psi

0.3 E
Substitute numerical values: sy
(ey  nex )
13,190 psi
(1  n2 )
Eq. (7-40a): Eq. (7-39c):
E
sx
(ex  ney )
26,040 psi n
(1  n2 ) ez
 (sx  sy )
128.5 106
E
t
zt
32.1 106 in.
(Decrease in thickness)

Problem 7.5-2 Solve the preceding problem if the thickness of the steel
plate is t
10 mm, the gage readings are x
480 106 (elongation)
and y
130 106 (elongation), the modulus is E
200 GPa, and
Poisson’s ratio is 
0.30.

Solution 7.5-2 Rectangular plate in biaxial stress

t
10 mm x
480 106 Eq. (7-40b):
y
130 106 E
E
200 GPa

0.3 sy
(ey  nex )
60.2 MPa
(1  n2 )
Substitute numerical values: Eq. (7-39c):
Eq. (7-40a): n
E ez
 (sx  sy )
261.4 106
sx
(ex  ney )
114.1 MPa E
(1  n2 ) t
zt
2610 106 mm
(Decrease in thickness)

Problem 7.5-3 Assume that the normal strains x and y for an y

y
element in plane stress (see figure) are measured with strain gages.
(a) Obtain a formula for the normal strain z in the z direction
in terms of x, y, and Poisson’s ratio .
xy
(b) Obtain a formula for the dilatation e in terms of x, y, x
and Poisson’s ratio . O
x

z
464 CHAPTER 7 Analysis of Stress and Strain

Solution 7.5-3 Plane stress

Given: x, y,
(b) DILATATION
1  2n
(a) NORMAL STRAIN z Eq. (7-47): e
(sx  sy )
n E
Eq. (7-34c): ez
 (sx  sy ) Substitute x and y from above and simplify:
E
E 1  2n
Eq. (7-36a): sx
(ex  ney ) e
(e  ey )
(1  n2 ) 1n x
E
Eq. (7-36b): sy
(ey  nex )
(1  n2 )
Substitute x and y into the first equation and
simplify:
n
ez
 (e  ey )
1n x

y
Problem 7.5-4 A magnesium plate in biaxial stress is subjected
to tensile stresses x
24 MPa and y
12 MPa (see figure).
The corresponding strains in the plate are x
440 106 and y
y
80 106.
x
Determine Poisson’s ratio  and the modulus of elasticity E O x
for the material.

Probs. 7.5-4 through 7.5-7

Solution 7.5-4 Biaxial stress

x
24 MPa y
12 MPa Substitute numerical values:
x
440 106 y
80 106 E (440 106)
24 MPa 
(12 MPa)
E (80 106)
12 MPa 
(24 MPa)
POISSON’S RATIO AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY Solve simultaneously:
1

0.35 E
45 GPa
Eq. (7-39a): ex
(sx  nsy )
E
1
Eq. (7-39b): ey
(sy  nsx )
E

Problem 7.5-5 Solve the preceding problem for a steel plate

with x
10,800 psi (tension), y
5400 psi (compression),
x
420 106 (elongation), and y
300 106 (shortening).

Solution 7.5-5 Biaxial stress

x
10,800 psi y
5400 psi Substitute numerical values:
x
420 106 y
300 106 E (420 106)
10,800 psi 
(5400 psi)
E (300 106)
5400 psi 
(10,800 psi)
POISSON’S RATIO AND MODULUS OF ELASTICITY Solve simultaneously:
1

1/3 E
30 106 psi
Eq. (7-39a): ex
(sx  nsy )
E
1
Eq. (7-39b): ey
(sy  nsx )
E
 SECTION 7.5 Hooke’s Law for Plane Stress 465

Problem 7.5-6 A rectangular plate in biaxial stress (see figure) is

subjected to normal stresses x
90 MPa (tension) and y
20 MPa
(compression). The plate has dimensions 400 800 20 mm and is
made of steel with E
200 GPa and 
0.30.
(a) Determine the maximum in-plane shear strain
max in the plate.
(b) Determine the change t in the thickness of the plate.
(c) Determine the change V in the volume of the plate.

Solution 7.5-6 Biaxial stress

x
90 MPa y
20 MPa (b) CHANGE IN THICKNESS
E
200 GPa

0.30 n
Dimensions of Plate: 400 mm 800 mm 20 mm Eq. (7-39c): ez
 (sx  sy )
105 106
E
Shear Modulus (Eq. 7-38): t
zt
2100 106 mm
E (Decrease in thickness)
G

76.923 GPa
2(1  n)
(c) CHANGE IN VOLUME
(a) MAXIMUM IN-PLANE SHEAR STRAIN 1  2n
From Eq. (7-47): ¢V
V0 ¢ ≤ (sx  sy )
Principal stresses: 1
90 MPa 2
20 MPa E
s1  s2 V0
(400)(800)(20)
6.4 106 mm3
Eq. (7-26): tmax

55.0 MPa 1  2n
2 Also, ¢ ≤ (sx  sy )
140 106
tmax
Eq. (7-35): gmax

715 106 E
G
V
(6.4 106 mm3)(140 106)

896 mm3
(Increase in volume)

Problem 7.5-7 Solve the preceding problem for an aluminum plate

with x
12,000 psi (tension), y
3,000 psi (compression),
dimensions 20 30 0.5 in., E
10.5 106 psi, and 
0.33.

Solution 7.5-7 Biaxial stress

x
12,000 psi y
3,000 psi (b) CHANGE IN THICKNESS
E
10.5 106 psi

0.33 n
Eq. (7-39c): ez
 (sx  sy )
282.9 106
Dimensions of Plate: 20 in. 30 in. 0.5 in. E
Shear Modulus (Eq. 7-38): t
zt
141 106 in.
(Decrease in thickness)
E
G

3.9474 106 psi
2(1  n) (c) CHANGE IN VOLUME
1  2n
(a) MAXIMUM IN-PLANE SHEAR STRAIN From Eq. (7-47): ¢V
V0 ¢ ≤ (sx  sy )
E
Principal stresses: 1
12,000 psi V0
(20)(30)(0.5)
300 in.3
2
3,000 psi 1  2n
s1  s2 Also, ¢ ≤ (sx  sy )
291.4 106
Eq. (7-26): tmax

7,500 psi E
2
V
(300 in.3)(291.4 106)
tmax
Eq. (7-35): gmax

1,900 106
0.0874 in.3
G (Increase in volume)