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Work From Steam

Work is done by the expansion or contraction of pressurized gas or vapor. In a steam cylinder, work is related to pressure and volume changes. Originally in atmospheric engines, the pressure difference driving the piston was essentially constant, being the difference between atmospheric and saturation pressures. However, after Evans' engine development, work came from pressurized steam instead of the atmosphere, so the net pressure difference was variable during the power stroke, requiring integration of pressure and volume to calculate work. Additionally, engine speeds were increasing, making direct pressure measurement difficult, necessitating a device to measure pressure and volume simultaneously.

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aushad3m
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17 views

Work From Steam

Work is done by the expansion or contraction of pressurized gas or vapor. In a steam cylinder, work is related to pressure and volume changes. Originally in atmospheric engines, the pressure difference driving the piston was essentially constant, being the difference between atmospheric and saturation pressures. However, after Evans' engine development, work came from pressurized steam instead of the atmosphere, so the net pressure difference was variable during the power stroke, requiring integration of pressure and volume to calculate work. Additionally, engine speeds were increasing, making direct pressure measurement difficult, necessitating a device to measure pressure and volume simultaneously.

Uploaded by

aushad3m
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Work from Steam

Work is the expansion (or contraction) of a pressurized gas or vapor. From the
perspective of a steam cylinder, work is related to pressure P and volume ¦.
Work = F_x = .Pnet Apiston• . _¦
Apiston
. = Pnet_¦
Pnet is the net pressure di_erence across the piston. For
the atmospheric engines, the pressure di_erence across the
slow moving cylinders was equal to Patmospheric − Psaturation
which was essentially constant. Psaturation is the pressure
at which the steam condenses (or evaporates).
Work = (Patm − Psat)_¦
= (Patm − Psat)Apiston_x
The work extracted from the atmosphere could be mea-
sured by the force F exerted from the piston and the piston
displacement _x during the power stroke.
x
(1 )
(2 )
vapor
After Evan's engine development, the work was extracted from pressurized steam
instead of the atmosphere. Thus, the net pressure di_erence, Psteam − Patm was
not constant during the power stroke and the work during a power stroke required
integration of the pressure and volume.
W=S
2
1
Pnetd¦
In addition, the speed of the engines was getting faster; too fast to watch a pressure
gauge or manometer and record the pressures as a function of piston position. Some
sort of device was needed to measure pressure and volume and correlate the two

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