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    Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) : 3G Standards and Access Technologies

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    Monika Bhatia
    UMTS is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that fulfills the IMT-2000 requirements. UMTS, also known as W-CDMA, uses direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps. Europe, Japan, and parts of Asia use UMTS at 2.1 GHz, while other regions use different frequencies. UMTS supports both frequency division duplex and time division duplex modes and provides backward compatibility with 2G GSM networks.

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    Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) : 3G Standards and Access Technologies

    Uploaded by

    Monika Bhatia
    69 views5 pages
    UMTS is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that fulfills the IMT-2000 requirements. UMTS, also known as W-CDMA, uses direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps. Europe, Japan, and parts of Asia use UMTS at 2.1 GHz, while other regions use different frequencies. UMTS supports both frequency division duplex and time division duplex modes and provides backward compatibility with 2G GSM networks.

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    UMTS is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that fulfills the IMT-2000 requirements. UMTS, also known as W-CDMA, uses direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps. Europe, Japan, and parts of Asia use UMTS at 2.1 GHz, while other regions use different frequencies. UMTS supports both frequency division duplex and time division duplex modes and provides backward compatibility with 2G GSM networks.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    69 views5 pages

    Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) : 3G Standards and Access Technologies

    Uploaded by

    Monika Bhatia
    UMTS is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard that fulfills the IMT-2000 requirements. UMTS, also known as W-CDMA, uses direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) technology with a chip rate of 3.84 Mcps. Europe, Japan, and parts of Asia use UMTS at 2.1 GHz, while other regions use different frequencies. UMTS supports both frequency division duplex and time division duplex modes and provides backward compatibility with 2G GSM networks.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

    3G Standards and Access Technologies

    As mentioned before, there are several different radio access technologies defined within
    ITU, based on either CDMA or TDMA technology. An organization called 3rd
    Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has continued that work by de ning a mobile
    system that fulfills the IMT-2000 standard. This system is called Universal Mobile
    Telecommunications System (UMTS). After trying to establish a single 3G standard, ITU
    finally approved a family of 5 3G standards, which are part of the 3G framework known
    as IMT-2000:
    W-CDMA

    CDMA2000

    TD-SCDMA

    Europe, Japan, and Asia have agreed upon a 3G standard called the Universal Mobile
    Telecommunications System (UMTS), which is WCDMA operating at 2.1 GHz. UMTS and
    WCDMA are often used as synonyms. In the USA and other parts of America, WCDMA will
    have to use another part of the radio spectrum.

    2.3.2 3G W-CDMA (UMTS)

    WCDMA is based on DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) tech-nology
    in which user-information bits are spread over a wide bandwidth (much larger than the
    information signal bandwidth) by multiplying the user data with
    the spreading code. The chip (symbol rate) rate of the spreading sequence is 3.84 Mcps,
    which, in the WCDMA system deployment is used together with the 5-MHz carrier spacing.
    The processing gain term refers to the relationship between the signal bandwidth and the
    information bandwidth. Thus, the name wideband is derived to di erentiate it from the 2G
    CDMA (IS-95), which has a chip rate of 1.2288 Mcps. In a CDMA system, all users are
    active at the same time on the same frequency and are separated from each other with the use
    of user speci c spreading codes.

    The wide carrier bandwidth of WCDMA allows supporting high user-data rates and also has
    certain performance bene ts, such as increased multipath diversity. The actual carrier spacing
    to be used by the operator may vary on a 200-kHz grid between approximately 4.4 and 5
    MHz, depending on spectrum arrangement and the interference situation.

    In WCDMA each user is allocated frames of 10 ms duration, during which the user-data rate
    is kept constant. However, the data rate among the users can change from frame to frame.
    This fast radio capacity allocation (or the limits for variation in the uplink) is controlled and
    coordinated by the radio resource management (RRM) functions in the network to achieve
    optimum throughput for packet data services and to ensure su cient quality of service (QoS)
    for circuit-switched users. WCDMA supports two basic modes of operation: FDD and TDD.
    In the FDD mode, separate 5-MHz carrier frequencies with duplex spacing are used for the
    uplink and downlink, respectively, whereas in TDD only one 5-MHz carrier is time shared
    between the up-link and the downlink. WCDMA uses coherent detection based on the pilot
    symbols and/or common pilot. WCDMA allows many performance- enhancement methods to
    be used, such as transmit diversity or advanced CDMA receiver concepts.Table summaries
    the main WCDMA parameters.

    The support for handovers (HO) between GSM and WCDMA is part of the rst standard
    version. This means that all multi-mode WCDMA/GSM terminals will support measurements
    from the one system while camped on the other one. This allows networks using both
    WCDMA and GSM to balance the load between the networks and base the HO on actual
    measurements from the terminals for di erent radio conditions in addition to other criteria
    available.
    Table 2.1: Main WCDMA parameters
    Multiple access method DS-CDMA
    Duplexing method Frequency division duplex/time division
    duplex
    Base station synchronisation Asynchronous operation
    Chip rate 3.84 Mcps
    Frame length 10 ms
    Service multiplexing Multiple services with di erent quality of
    service requirements multiplexed on one
    connection
    Multi-rate concept Variable spreading factor and multicode
    Detection Coherent using pilot symbols or common
    pilot
    Multi-user detection, smart antennas Supported by the standard, optional in the
    implementation

    The world's 1st commercial W-CDMA service, FoMA, was launched by NTT
    DoCoMo in Japan in 2001. FoMA is the short name for Freedom of Mobile Mul-timedia
    Access, is the brand name for the 3G services being o ered by Japanese mobile phone
    operator NTT DoCoMo. Elsewhere, W-CDMA deployments have been exclusively
    UMTS based.
    UMTS or W-CDMA, assures backward compatibility with the second generation GSM,
    IS-136 and PDC TDMA technologies, as well as all 2.5G TDMA technologies. The network
    structure and bit level packaging of GSM data is retained by W-CDMA, with additional
    capacity and bandwidth provided by a new CDMA air interface.

    2.3.3 3G CDMA2000

    Code division multiple access 2000 is the natural evolution of IS-95 (cdmaOne). It includes
    additional functionality that increases its spectral e ciency and data rate capability.(code
    division multiple access) is a mobile digital radio technology where channels are de ned with
    codes (PN sequences). CDMA permits many simultaneous transmitters on the same frequency
    channel. Since more phones can be served by
    fewer cell sites, CDMA-based standards have a signi cant economic advantage over TDMA- or FDMA-based
    standards. This standard is being developed by Telecom-munications Industry Association (TIA) of US and is
    is standardized by 3GPP2.

    2.4 Wireless Transmission Protocols

    There are several transmission protocols in wireless manner to achieve di erent application oriented tasks.
    Below, some of these applications are given.

    2.4.1 Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and LMDS

    Microwave wireless links can be used to create a wireless local loop. The local loop can be thought of as the
    "last mile" of the telecommunication network that resides between the central o ce (CO) and the individual
    homes and business in close proximity to the CO. An advantage of WLL technology is that once the wireless
    equipment is paid for, there are no additional costs for transport between the CO and the customer premises
    equipment. Many new services have been proposed and this includes the concept of Local Multipoint
    Distribution Service (LMDS), which provides broadband telecommunication access in the local exchange.

    UMTS Network Architecture

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