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    The High-Altitude Platform Generic System and Pimts: Candida Spillard, José Riera, Boris Grémont

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    sandippjain
    The document discusses technologies for high-altitude platforms (HAPs) such as airships and aircraft located between 17-22 km above the Earth. It covers enabling technologies like lightweight materials, as well as challenges like weight constraints. Major players developing HAP systems are identified from Japan, Korea, Europe, and the US. The International Telecommunication Union has established recommendations for operating HAPs. Potential applications of HAP systems include providing internet access to both stationary and mobile users. Performance improvement techniques like adaptive modulation and site diversity are also discussed.

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    The High-Altitude Platform Generic System and Pimts: Candida Spillard, José Riera, Boris Grémont

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    sandippjain
    13 views17 pages
    The document discusses technologies for high-altitude platforms (HAPs) such as airships and aircraft located between 17-22 km above the Earth. It covers enabling technologies like lightweight materials, as well as challenges like weight constraints. Major players developing HAP systems are identified from Japan, Korea, Europe, and the US. The International Telecommunication Union has established recommendations for operating HAPs. Potential applications of HAP systems include providing internet access to both stationary and mobile users. Performance improvement techniques like adaptive modulation and site diversity are also discussed.

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    The document discusses technologies for high-altitude platforms (HAPs) such as airships and aircraft located between 17-22 km above the Earth. It covers enabling technologies like lightweight materials, as well as challenges like weight constraints. Major players developing HAP systems are identified from Japan, Korea, Europe, and the US. The International Telecommunication Union has established recommendations for operating HAPs. Potential applications of HAP systems include providing internet access to both stationary and mobile users. Performance improvement techniques like adaptive modulation and site diversity are also discussed.

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    13 views17 pages

    The High-Altitude Platform Generic System and Pimts: Candida Spillard, José Riera, Boris Grémont

    Uploaded by

    sandippjain
    The document discusses technologies for high-altitude platforms (HAPs) such as airships and aircraft located between 17-22 km above the Earth. It covers enabling technologies like lightweight materials, as well as challenges like weight constraints. Major players developing HAP systems are identified from Japan, Korea, Europe, and the US. The International Telecommunication Union has established recommendations for operating HAPs. Potential applications of HAP systems include providing internet access to both stationary and mobile users. Performance improvement techniques like adaptive modulation and site diversity are also discussed.

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    The High-Altitude Platform Generic System and PIMTs

    Candida Spillard, Jos Riera, Boris Grmont

    Department of Electronics

    HAP System Geometry


    Altitude 17-22 km Airship or Aircraft Frequencies: 47/48 GHz (worldwide) 31/28 GHz (except Europe) Microcellular (6km) Frequency re-use

    1 2

    3 4

    1 2

    3 4

    5 6

    Department of Electronics

    Enabling technologies, and Challenges


    Lightweight materials Solar photovoltaic panels Lightweight fuel cells Visco-static lubricants Insulation materials CAA clearance RF Interference Payload weight constraint Payload power constraint Timing

    Department of Electronics

    Major players: Japan and Korea


    Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Developed scaled prototype National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) Demonstrated HDTV and 3G from NASAs pathfinder craft Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) Developed 50m airship that took 100 kg payload to 3km height Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) Participate in ITU-R working parties and WRC

    Department of Electronics

    Major Players: Europe and USA


    CAPANINA FP6 Strep, Broadband from HAPs to moving users SatNex FP6 NoE COST Action 297 HapCos Aeronautical and payload aspects USEHAAS SSA in Aeronautics and Space ESA Completed feasibility study into Broadband delivery from HAPs NASA Developed Pathfinder, Pathfinder Plus (will be used in CAPANINA Trial 3) and Helios AeroVironment/SkyTower solar power technology and broadband comms infrastructure Sanswire IEEE802.11 based communications from Stratellite Lockhead Martin Target acquisition

    Department of Electronics

    ITU Recommendations for HAPs


    Number F.1500 (05/00) Title Preferred characteristics of systems in the fixed service using high altitude platforms operating in the bands 47.2-47.5 GHz and 47.948.2 GHz Technical and operational characteristics for the fixed service using high altitude platform stations in the bands 27.5-28.35 GHz and 31-31.3 GHz Impact of uplink transmission in the fixed service using high altitude platform stations in the Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) in the 31.3-31.8 GHz band Interference mitigation techniques for use by high altitude platform stations in the 27.5-28.35 GHz and 31.0-31.3 GHz bands Frequency sharing between systems in the fixed service using high altitude platform stations and conventional systems in the fixed service in the bands 47.2-47.5 and 47.9-48.2 GHz Interference evaluation from fixed service systems using HAP stations to conventional fixed service systems in the bands 27.528.35 GHz and 31.0-31.3 GHz Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of systems using high altitude platform stations at about 47 GHz Status In force

    F.1569 (05/02)

    In force

    F.1570-1 (02/03) F.1607 (02/03) F.1608 (02/03)

    In force

    In force In force

    F.1609 (02/03)

    In force

    P.1409 (10/99)

    In force

    Department of Electronics

    ITU-R P.1500 System


    Station-keeping: 400m radius 700m vertical

    Urban 30o-90o Portable modems Suburban 15o-30o Fixed modems Rural 5o-15o No 47/48GHz coverage 800 MHz-5GHz

    Department of Electronics

    System proposed by CAPANINA


    Station-keeping: ITU recommendation or 99%: 2500m radius, 500m vertical 99.9%: 4000m radius, 1500m vertical

    Elliptical antenna beams Identical power profiles across all cells Optimised beamwidths

    Department of Electronics

    Virtual Base Stations


    Errors arise because: Gain contours are not circles Contours are not concentric CAPANINA system minimises errors

    Terrestrial/BFWA modelling tools can then be used


    Department of Electronics

    Some link parameters


    For a Ka-band (30 GHz) link to GS travelling at 300 Km/h: Doppler shift fD = f v/c = 3e10 80 ms-1 / 3e8 ms-1 = 7.7 KHz

    Coherence time is Tc = = = 120 s f D , max vmax f c Greater than symbol time, So adaptive PIMTs can be used Multipath from terrain/buildings is not an issue: 1. Surfaces are too rough for coherent reflections 2. Antenna beamwidths are narrow and sidelobes have to be low
    Department of Electronics

    PIMTs for HAP Systems


    Adaptive modulation/coding (user links) Adaptive power control (backhaul links) Caching and tolerance of outages Site diversity (backhaul links only)

    Department of Electronics

    Adaptive modulation/coding (user links)


    12

    12

    12

    12

    Outage time (hours), 30o downlink

    Outage time (hours), 30o uplink

    Outage time (hours), Outage time (hours), 40o downlink 40o uplink

    No PIMT Ideal Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3

    Department of Electronics

    Adaptive power control (backhaul links)

    Eb/No and FMT gain with power control: a decision threshold set 2 dB above the link threshold is employed. If the filtered link Eb/No is below this threshold, FMT gain is raised 1 dB If the signal is above the threshold, FMT gain is decreased 1 dB Department of Electronics

    Effect of tolerating rain outages

    For each attenuation, plot: P(a>A), the time probability of any fade P(d>D|a>A), the time probability of a fade longer than D seconds Department of Electronics

    Effect of tolerating rain outages

    Department of Electronics

    Site Diversity (backhaul links)


    Joint attenuation + FSPL excess (dB) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Radius of ring (km) 30 35
    M d D

    0.01% 0.032% 0.1% 0.32% 1% 3.2% 10% 32% 100%

    HAP

    For 99.99% availability, require a 70 dB margin This reduces to 15 dB if 2 HAPs 12 km apart are available
    Department of Electronics

    Thank you!
    Candida Spillard cls9@ohm.york.ac.uk Jos Riera riera@grc.ssr.upm.es Boris Grmont gremont@ee.port.ac.uk

    Department of Electronics

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