1. tom tries on four types of footwear in a sports shop.

ski boot trainer

ice skate walking boot

(a) (i) when tom tries on the footwear, which one sinks into the carpet
the most?

.............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) when tom tries on the footwear, what is the same for each type of footwear?
tick the correct box.

the area of the footwear

tom’s weight on the footwear

the material of the footwear

the weight of the footwear

1 mark

hounslow bulk la 1
 (b) the drawing below shows a snowshoe.

snow shoe

how do snowshoes help people to walk in deep snow?

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) choose the correct word from the list to complete the sentence below.

air resistance friction gravity magnetism

when tom is ice skating the force of ..........................................................

between the skate and the ice is less than when he is walking on a carpet.
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

hounslow bulk la 2
2. the diagram below shows a container filled with a liquid.

p is t o n A
2
a re a 2 .0 c m

pedal

liq u id

p is t o n B
2
a re a 8 .0 c m

at each end of the container there is a piston.

(a) (i) rebekah pushes on the pedal. this produces a force of 200 n on
piston a.

calculate the pressure that piston a exerts on the liquid.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii) the liquid in the container exerts the same pressure on piston b.

use this pressure to calculate the force on piston b.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. n
1 mark

hounslow bulk la 3
 (b) rebekah set up a different experiment as shown below.
she measured the volume of the liquid and the air in the
cylinders before and after a 200 g load was added to the piston.

200 g
lo a d 200 g
lo a d

liq u id a ir

w ith o u t lo a d w ith lo a d w ith o u t lo a d w ith lo a d

(i) when the loads were added to the pistons, the volume of the liquid did not
change but the volume of the air decreased.

explain why this happened.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) the diagram on the opposite page represents the way the brake system of a
car works.
the brake pedal pushes piston a.
piston b pushes the brakes on.

if air bubbles get into the liquid, the brakes do not work properly.
explain why.
use the diagrams above to help you.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

hounslow bulk la 4
3. karen wants to pump up her car tyre.
her pump has a piston with an area of 7 cm2.

175 N

a re a = 7 c m 2

karen pushes the handle down with a force of 175 n.

(a) what pressure does she exert on the air in the pump?

.....................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................... n/cm2
1 mark

(b) the air pressure in the tyre is 27 n/cm2.

.....................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) another of karen’s car tyres exerts a pressure of 30 n/cm2 on the road. the area of
the tyre in contact with the road is 95 cm2
what is the force exerted by the tyre on the road?

................................................................................................................. n
1 mark
maximum 3 marks

hounslow bulk la 5
4. the diagram shows a simple tool for punching holes in a leather belt.

s te e l p e g
p iv o t lig h tw e ig h t h a n d le

p ie c e o f
le a t h e r
h o le in b a s e f o r c e a p p lie d
base
not to scale

when the handle is pressed down, the steel peg presses down on the piece
of leather. if the force is large enough, the peg punches through the leather,
making a hole.

the diagram below shows the force applied to the handle.

10 cm
p iv o t 4 cm

s te e l p e g
50 N
not to scale

(a) calculate the moment (turning effect) of the 50 n force applied to the
handle. give the units.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks

(b) this moment makes the steel peg press down on the leather. calculate the force
with which the steel peg presses down on the leather.

......................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... n
1 mark

(c) the next time the punch is used, the steel peg presses down on the leather
with a force of 150 n.

(i) the area of the end of the steel peg is 0.1 cm2.
what is the pressure of the steel peg on the leather?
give the units.

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................
2 marks

hounslow bulk la 6
 (ii) the pressure is too small, and the punch does not go through the
leather. how could you change the design of the punch to make it
work using the same force on the handle?

............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

5. a pen cap floats in a plastic lemonade bottle three-quarters full of water.

p la s t ic b o tt le

a ir

a ir

w a te r

pen cap

ta b le

(a) when the bottle is squeezed what, if anything, happens to:

(i) the distance between the air molecules inside the bottle?

............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) the distance between the water molecules inside the bottle?

............................................................................................................
1 mark

hounslow bulk la 7
 (iii) the pressure of the air trapped inside the pen cap?

............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iv) the volume of the air trapped inside the pen cap?

............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) explain why the pen cap sinks when you squeeze the bottle.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
2 marks
maximum 6 marks

6. (a) james is cutting a piece of wire with a pair of wire cutters.

50 N

1 .5 c m

9 .0 c m
w ire

p iv o t

50 N

james exerts a force of 50 n on each of the handles.

(i) what is the turning moment about the pivot, on each handle?
give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
2 marks

hounslow bulk la 8
 (ii) what force is applied, by each blade, on the wire?

.............................................................................................................

......................................................................................................... n
1 mark

(b) stephanie uses the same pair of wire cutters. the diagram below is an end-on
view of the blades as they begin to cut the wire.

200 N

w ir e c u t t e r b la d e

w ir e

w ir e c u t t e r b la d e

200 N

stephanie exerts a force of 200 n on the wire with each blade.

(i) what is the pressure of each blade on the wire? give the unit.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
2 marks

(ii) as the blades sink deeper into the wire, the pressure of the blades on the
wire decreases.
explain why the pressure on the wire decreases.

.............................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

hounslow bulk la 9