Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 510 views

    Bio of Edward Kelly by Michael Wilding

    Uploaded by

    TerryandAlan
    1) Edward Kelly was born in Worcester, England on August 1, 1555 at 4 PM. He was baptized the next day at St. Swithin's Church in Worcester. 2) Not much is known about Kelly's early life and education. He may have briefly studied at Oxford University but did not matriculate. He learned Latin and possibly worked as a scrivener or notary in Worcester before meeting John Dee in the 1570s. 3) Kelly married Jane Cooper from Chipping Norton on June 23, 1563. They had children and Kelly's brother and sister were also part of Dee's household for some time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Bio of Edward Kelly by Michael Wilding

    Uploaded by

    TerryandAlan
    510 views28 pages
    1) Edward Kelly was born in Worcester, England on August 1, 1555 at 4 PM. He was baptized the next day at St. Swithin's Church in Worcester. 2) Not much is known about Kelly's early life and education. He may have briefly studied at Oxford University but did not matriculate. He learned Latin and possibly worked as a scrivener or notary in Worcester before meeting John Dee in the 1570s. 3) Kelly married Jane Cooper from Chipping Norton on June 23, 1563. They had children and Kelly's brother and sister were also part of Dee's household for some time.

    Original Description:

    Article from _Mystical Metal of Gold_, uploaded with permission

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) Edward Kelly was born in Worcester, England on August 1, 1555 at 4 PM. He was baptized the next day at St. Swithin's Church in Worcester. 2) Not much is known about Kelly's early life and education. He may have briefly studied at Oxford University but did not matriculate. He learned Latin and possibly worked as a scrivener or notary in Worcester before meeting John Dee in the 1570s. 3) Kelly married Jane Cooper from Chipping Norton on June 23, 1563. They had children and Kelly's brother and sister were also part of Dee's household for some time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    510 views28 pages

    Bio of Edward Kelly by Michael Wilding

    Uploaded by

    TerryandAlan
    1) Edward Kelly was born in Worcester, England on August 1, 1555 at 4 PM. He was baptized the next day at St. Swithin's Church in Worcester. 2) Not much is known about Kelly's early life and education. He may have briefly studied at Oxford University but did not matriculate. He learned Latin and possibly worked as a scrivener or notary in Worcester before meeting John Dee in the 1570s. 3) Kelly married Jane Cooper from Chipping Norton on June 23, 1563. They had children and Kelly's brother and sister were also part of Dee's household for some time.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    I\ 1YST1C:\L 1\IET.

    -\L L)F li()LL)


    1-tc.. lhkl., ,;,J. b.
    14Y. Ill L.m"l"""" 1\t::i 2LH, t" l. 4<J'-
    I 'iu. BL !S 6:,4, 1!. I U\'.
    151. u,,,l., 1"1. 17.
    151. lhi-1., f"l. IJ,.
    I 53. R, llll;l llll> D.- lhlllilliiHdll"l'-' 111-:r.rllr,". 111 :\m, .JIIll}..:r.t.: \ ll.t>..: l, I 5<J l),
    2:37.
    154. C.ul Junt: .. \l)'.\ l.:rllll\1 CunJIIIICIIWU>, l LHl>. it F. C. Hull, Scn<.:>
    (l'nnc<.:lllll : Pnn<:<.:t<lll Un l\.:r>ity l'rc', I<J61), 122-3, .mJ Al.:h.:nric,,l Sru.li.:,, rr.tn>.
    R. F. C. I lull, J3,, lling..:n S..:ric> (Prin..:<.: t<ll1: Prin<:cr<m Uni,cr>ity Pr..:, l':l67),
    6, 215-1/.
    I 'iS. 13 .. ,11-:y ':l72, ,;,1. 1\H.
    l 5b. Elt:t> Tlr..:,unnn Chcmicum Um.unucoll \L .. n,I.Hl, ltl52). 3u3- 4.
    157. lhtJ., JJ3--t.
    15ti. 1\,,,JJ cy t--l:::l <J72. t,,J. -! in.
    159. BL Llll,,i<>wnc 1\IS 203, 4; BL :::ll...nlL' 1\ l:::i ob-!. ,; ,t,, o,, lb.
    l oO. BL S J, ,. tn..: 6J4, f,,[,, I h. 16,.
    161. L. l\.1. l'rincipe ;rn,l L. [lt:Wirt, Tr,uHutur,ai .. ns: :\lchclll)' in An (l'hi l. tJdph ta: Ch..: rtr-
    ic:tl H..:nragc Fnun,l.ttum, 2002), 11. in Ltunnda Drx,,n, Alch,tnrc,,l
    lurdgcT) m IJ. ,ch', GarJ.:n .. f Ddrglu, (:\nn .-\rl><1r, Ul\!1 R<.:><.::m.:h Prc, 19oJ),
    hg. 6.
    l o2 BL St...,nc 1\IS 2640.
    ltl3. B,>.llcy .-\, hnll>l.: MS 1-!-1 5.
    2
    A Biography of Edward Kelly, the
    English Alchemist and Associate of
    Dr. John Dee
    Michael Wilding
    Thc ern If>, J r>< ll'l h >11>, l.rbn..:auc>n>, anJ Jc:r.anJ.l[l<ll1> 111 cxi>tlllg .K ... <>unl> .. r t L,
    lit",: uf EJwarJ 1\:clly a n.: rou m.my inJiviJu.1l rduratrun. E1 cn rhc n" >t
    rt:>pun,ible comm.:nrarurs anJ h i,rori.ms have, up<m ,lealmg with Kdli, rc-
    peateJ the,.: unsub, rantiJreJ anJ gcn<.:rJlty Jcr<>g.tt<>ry ,r,>ri.:s. In rh1, .1rt 1.:lc 1
    hav<.: w <l>:.cmble rh<l>e rce<JrJ:. <l f hi:. liic rhat can be venhc, l lrllm
    ..:ont.:mpor.uy 1!\'iJcn..:c, fucu:ing fnr rc,I:><Hl> <lf >pace nn the documcnr. ui Jc-
    Lails of cveryJay liic, rather than ,m the v,Jluminuu> Jral<1gue:. with >ptnt> th ... t
    ht! unJc:nook fur De:\!.
    EJwarJ Kdty wa, hclfl) ar w\)f(C:>tcr on .-\ugu>t 1, 1555, .ll 4 P.:--.1 lit,
    >urnaml! is sumerim<.::. :.pctlecl Kdlcy (it b t<> Kdly thr,>ughuut dlh
    ani..:le), anJ h.: :1bu wcnr un,ler rhe name ut EJwJ rJ Talb,>t. J,>hn Dee rc..:cHJcJ
    Kdly'> Jate nf birth in rht! h<Jf<l>C<lpe he Jrew up ,,i hi:. n.tn,iti ,
    1
    JnJ m tl...
    margin> of rhe almanac ht' u,c:J .b a J iary: "Eel. Kdly n.ttus h,1ra a mcrtJlc
    ut annorarum rdiquir Pltcr eju,."!
    At sumc puinr Dc:e ga1c Kdly a C<>py uf . 111 u..: t.l\c> biblc pnmc,J hi R, t..:n
    Stcpht'ns in 1555. It i:. the llnly b<>llk thJt Dce rc..:<lrJ, g11'tng t1> Kdli.
    coincklence <>i its publi<:.tti<m Jate anJ Kdly'> birth ,t.1rc >urdy lJy behmJ the
    gift, whar.:ver llrh.:r h<l(l<! fur mural guiJan..:.: m.1y ha,.: been imphcJ. '
    Parish rc..:,1rJ, ,hllw th.tt EJ,, .u-J Kdl y, >cll1 of P.nri..:k Kdly, 11 .1> dmtc .. ,.J
    on .-\ugu>r 2, 1555, at SL Swirhin's church, 'XI\>rce.rcr. H.: h.rJ a >l:>tcr Eh:.rl.:tll.
    born in 1558, anJ .1 broth.:r ThLl mas. Th,>ma:. larer J<Hned Dee', h<lu,eh,,lJ .u1J
    D.:e fl!CurJs h b birth J are in thc Jiary, Ocwhcr 17, 1565, a!,,, dt Wur..:c: ,r...r .at
    in the :lftern<>un.
    4
    AnJ De.: rccurJ:., W<>, rhc bmh J.nc uf EJwarJ 1\:cll,
    wtfe in hb Jiary: June 23, 1563. ''jane Cnupcr, n<>ll' My, t ri:. Kdly, h 11.uJ
    ev.::ning" (PD, 1- 2). Sh.: cam.: fr,Hn Chipping N<HT<H1.
    Nor much i> known of Kdly bdc>rc he mcr Dc.:. Dct.ul, ell h1, eJ .. , . u . . .
    arc unknuwn. Neither the Ruyal Grammar Sch<ll>l nor rhc 1\:mg':. ::> ... I. .... !.
    W,wc.:sra, ha, pupil rc..: <J rJs from thi:. pcriLlJ. Thcrc b a >llll) thar he 11 . ., .a1
    uni1er:.iry at OxforJ, bur ir has 11< >[ been :.ub,ranti.uccl. :\nrl1l>ny j \X
    1
    ,1.>J r,,, ,;j.
    in rhar Kdl y "being abJll[ 17 i<.!llf> ut Ag.:, ,l[ fi111c
    h.: had attaineJ tu a n>mpetency uf GrammM l.:arning at Wor.:o!.srcr .mJ ._!,, .
    wh.:re, was :.<.:nr to Oxf,1rJ, hut tu whar H<lU>c 1 cannot rdl. Hm1 c1 cr, I !. . , c
    35
    )() l)f l;()Ll)
    hn:n lnf<ll llln i h\ .Ill .lllc' ic: lll P,,ILhci<ll' <J( l)ll' lnit)' llih> in hi, )'Ullngl' r \'Cdr>
    h<.:c:n .m .-\llhlllll.:lhh Ill 1-.lr Thlllll.b .-\l kn ut' Gluu.:c;t.:r-lw/1, rhat h..: \Kdl\) h.1cl
    , p..:nt rim..: in th.tr 11hl'reup.m I, r..:..:urring ru rhc matricuLninn,
    uadJ nul tine! t h<.: n.llliL' .1t' Kdly, unly T.tlhur <lt lrdand, rhre.: <l f ll'hi..:h n.Hn<.:
    11<.:rc , ru,km, rh<.:r<.: in 1573, 74, &c ... n.:Lniun b..:ing , lubi,Ju:dy
    , ldilere,l h > Ill<.!, tdl \<RI tk1r Kdly ha\'mg an lllh<.!tti..:J mi nJ, lcfr Oxun
    :1hruptly, wi rhuur being enren.'cl intll the marricula."; Somcll'hcr<.: ahmg rh..: lin..:
    1\:dly karn.:cl tlu.: m Larin.
    El i;b A,hnh>k l'l'Cllr,k,l in 16/5 that the :btrui,Jger Lilly tulcl Ill<.: thJt
    J<>hn E1;11b who tir, t r.1ughr h1111 him rhar he .tCejll<Hm.:J
    ll'lth 1\:d\y', ;i,r..:r in Wurce,t..:r, anJ that him ,Ji rh..: g,JI...I h..: r
    hruth..:r h.1el triln>mut.:J ancl th.n Kdly 1\',b ti r,r an in W,Jrce>ter."'
    Lengl<.:r Ju Fr..:,lll >y claim.:d that 1\:dly ILb t nurary in Luncl,m, >pcc iali: ing in
    h1rging .uH.:i.:nr ritl.: cl.:.:cb, hut n,J J,J..:umenrary e1iclenc.: j, kn<lll'n tcJ
    In h i> Anci.:nt FJm.:rallll lun wn.:nt.s (163 1) j .1hn Wec1.:r Lucan ;m,l
    Ch.1ucer <lll the redmique .1f r.1bing rh.: cleJJ lur >pi ritu.d pn1ph.:q. H..: then
    tdb a , r., ry <>f !-.:dl y in
    Thi, eh:JI ,.,Ii..:;d quc,ri.ming <ll rh..: f111 rh..: knull'leJgl' <l l. t'u[Lir..:
    11a, pur in pr.tcric..: h1 thl' Kdl1; 11h,1, uppn a ..:enain
    night, in the park , ,f Walr, n-111- le-Jalc:. in the CllUnty uf Lm..:;J,t..:r,
    11irh lllk' l'aul War111g (hi, f..:lln11 <.:lHnp.tni<m in .uch de..:J; uf darkn..:,)
    imucneel ><lllle une ut the infernal regiment t<l know c-:nain
    in rh..: Ill <:, .d"1 ll'il<H might h..: knc1wn hy rh-: t'nre>lght, ,Ji the
    ancl time ,1f rh.: J.:arh ut' a nnhl..: ynung g..:nrl..: man, as then in
    war,bhip. The black c..: r..:monic, Llf that night being ended, Kdly
    clelll:lllckcl ,J( ne ,,f the g..:nrl..:man', seJ'I'ant>, CLl rpse wa; the
    hun..:,l in Law church-yard, a church rhereunru aciJ<llning, wh,) tc1ld him
    of a Jl<><ll' man thar \\'ob huri..: cl rh..:r..: bur the clay. H..: ancl the
    w . ring entreateJ l hi, ant [ll gu wi th them [\l the gnll <.! of
    rhc m;m 'll lardy inr.:rred, which did; and withal , lid hd p rh..:m tl.l
    d1g up the carcase ,1f the punr Call it'f, whom by incanrati<lll>, rh.:y
    ma, l..: him (or ..:vi l spirit rhmugh his mgalh) to wh<l
    dd11erecl >t range precl ict iuns C<m..:crning the ,aid g..:nrl..:man.
    J 11a, t1kl much by the said ;erl'ingman, a s.:cundary actor in
    th,u Ji,m.d ahhurr.:d anJ dil'l'l'> g.:nrlemen, ancl ,Hh..:rs, n.nv
    li11ng in to whom he has rdated thb >t<lry. AnJ the g..:nrle-
    m.m (wh<l><: m.:nhny I am buund t<l h,mnur) t<lkl m.: a lirrl..:
    h.:f,re J ..:atlt nf thb <.:<mjurari<>n by Kdly; '" he had it by rdat ion
    tmm hb ,aiel !>1.!1'\';\tH .111d ren.mr; only snm..: circumstance> ex..:cpre, l,
    1rhi..:h he rh,lllgh r n<l tilting ru cume ru h b mast..: r's kn.nd..:dg..:."'
    \\' ..:..:1 er he gi n, h 1, a..:C<lllnt, "!-.:dly ( eH herll'i>l' <.:;Ill eel T.db,lt) rh.n fJm<lU!l Engl i, h
    ,tkh..:mist of uur limes, ll'hLl fl ying llUt llf hi, uwn -:ountry (afrer h..: hac! lost
    h<lth ht, ar Lmcasr..:r) wa, ent.:rraineJ with Ru,l,llf the >t:C<lnd, and l,br <lt'
    that Chrbti<lll n.1me, Emt' l..'l'<ll' 11f G..:rnuny." Weel'<:r 11'<1> burn in
    .--\ uj f.!u /-:, 11:., Eu_,:ll, h :-\tltdl ll>l
    ,
    an,! rer.uneJ ..:,nlne..:ri, Hh there, >ll the 1\\,1\' b..: .lllt hem". I I, . - .. ,,
    tir,r CcHllllll'IIWl<ll' I> ich:nrtt\ 1-:dl y with Talh,lt ; 11 lth n<l puhli,hed r,,_, rJ, 1.
    Jraw <Ill , h.: lllll1erhdc, knew rhi,
    The cmpping ,>fear> ll'<b .1 ,ranJarcl JlllilcJ.tlpuni, hmetH 111 E,, J ,,, ,.I
    bur nu cunrempurary r..:C<lrd h,t, h..:en elf 11 h.lt crun..: Kdly ,,.,,, .Ilk_,.!
    [ll have nr llf rhc l').eCuti<Hlllt' . uch a


    In Pr.l.,;u..: 111 l
    Chn>tllpher P.1rkin> a.k..:d lll 1\:dly "in the Emperur', n.une, 1f I c,,uiJ
    any aCO.::<lllnr uf the duninish111g of on..: ,,f ..:.1r,."
    11
    W..:..:1..:r 1\ td)' ha1.: ..: :u,.:gcr-
    ar..:J in ha,ing h,Hh lclpped, Jll>t ,b <.:ellllll\etnat<lr> 111 h,t\' 11-
    Kdly regul,trly chggmg up Clll'['>l':i. Only llle Clll'p>e b lll h,11 c hc:.:n
    and only <llll' e.tr i, h..:r..: ,,1iJ Ill ha1e b..:en
    In 1581 j c1hn h.1d b..:gun l<l<Jk mg flt r an <bSbt.IIH tu hdp hun
    with >fllri ts. De..: \\'<IS htry-ti,c, a di.ringui,hecl nurh..:m.l1(1,111, obl r<l luger, .. nJ
    >peculariv..: thinkl!r.
    1
    ! H.: haJ the larg<:>t pri v,n..: bhrary in Bmam hut it 11'.1' 11 .1t
    .:n<lugh. N<l\1' he 1\',mrcd dir.:cr t<l dilin..: knuwleJge, me,b.ltcd d1r,1u,.:h
    angds, 11f <.:lJursc. The rec,Jr,h uf t he >)' lrttu,tl rran,a..:tl<llb rh.11
    from parmer,hip wirh De.: :ue prl'>l!ned in m.mu,..:npt> 111 ti ll'
    L1hr.try. Th..: maj ,H part are re..:nr.J..:, I 111 Il lS Cnrrun App..:ndJ)\ XL\ '1
    part> I and 2. Thi, \\' '\> rr;ubcribe, l .md by !l.lcn..: C.t,,luhon, ,,, :-\ Tn,L
    and Faithful R.:!tuion uj' W'hw Pru.s.:d jiJl' t>ltlll)' Or. John 0.:.: ( :-\
    Mmht.'ln,ui..::ian of Gn.:tll Falllc in Q. Ek.rb,Lh ant! 1-:ing th<.'lr ,11\J
    Som.: Spirits: T.:nJing (hliJ i1 Sl li.:C.:dd) w Gcncr,d .-\lt..'n11io11 uf lllo>l St.rtl'> ,mJ
    1-:ingdum.:s i11 tho.! \\lurlJ ( L111dun: Pnnr..:J by D. llla)\11'..:11 f,ll' T. G.mh11 .ur,
    1659).1l Th..: reC<lrJs llf rh..: iniu.d rran>.lCt l<llb haJ h.:..:nm..: 'ep.1rat<.:d fr,Hn rh.:
    m.He riab Ca,auhun .md were .u.:qu1r..:d by .-\,hmul..: 111 16/2."
    Th..:y are now prl'>el'l'ccl "' Librar1 IllS S!,,,me 3188. They \I'L'I'c tr. ut-
    ,..::ribed anJ eJired by Chri,rnph..: r Whirhy 111 a d,Kt<Jral th..:,b at rhe Un11..:r, m
    of Birmingham, 1%1, John 0.:/.s A..::tion.s ll'ith S/Jil'll.s: 22 1581 t" 23
    May 1583.
    11
    A furrh..:r ..: pi><hlt!, pre ..: r\'..:d in the &klb.m li br.1ry A,hm k
    1790 arr. I) , \\'as dis..:lll'..:r..:d ancl tran,l.u..:el hy C. H. j ,,,ren a> "An Unkn.nl n
    Chapter m rh.: Li fe llf j ,Jhn Dee," ]u11nwl of thc \v'urb11rg a11d Collrtuu!J
    28 (1965): 223-57; EJwar,l F..:ntcll\ in Tlu. Oiari.:> of John Oc.: , Jr.lll -
    clll a ;,el'l'nte.:nrh-cemury rr.ublatll)ll<lf rhi, epi,od.: (Bnri,lt Library, !\ IS Slu.ll\l'
    3645, fols. 22-38). S,1me <If the m.u..:ri,ll, fmm rh..: >pimual >eilln> 11er..: tr.lll-
    ,..::ribed an,! >)'>t..:m,ui:.:J llH<l <lth..:r li\.111U>l'I' IJ't ,.,,lume,.
    1
    "
    De..:'s tirsr wcr..: He hJun-1 .111 '"''t . r.r
    B.lrn,th;t> Saul, a pre;t..: h..: r and ma.rer of arts. In F..:hru.1ry 15b2 S.llllll'a> m,h, le J
    but rd..:a, ed, "hi, inclicnnenr being hy law i11>Uihcienr at W..:, llnin,t...r
    Dee thllugh ll'lth<lllt wh.n th<! ..:: harg..: ll'<b lPD. I; :
    Fent<lll, 24 ). If it inl'oll'ccl >lll\\1\\<llling up 0..:..: 11'<1> luck} n<>t t<> h,,, L
    heen tu<L The pre1j..:cr hal'e Cl i\\L' Ill an en, l. But c.trl\ 111
    March a new .ecr wa, intr<lcluceJ t<l D..:..: by a 1\ lr. Clerblln. 1\IM..: h :,,
    anJ hi, triend cam.: t<l my h<Hl>e .... " The hlllmving J .1y, "Fn,L\ .u
    dinner tim..:, Mr Clerbcm an,i 11- lr Talh,ll a great -lea! ut B.mul .,;
    naughty Jeahng tuwar,l me: 11> 111 r..:lling lr Clcrb.m ill <11. m, th .. t I
    , h,Juklmak hi, t'n.:nJ, rn.H h..: wa> uf me, th.lt I "''''.J
    l\l t--IY:)liC.-\L t--lET.AL l...IF t1l...ILI)
    ,,,tl.nrer hi, fri,n-1 the karne,lnl.lll rha1 1 ,,.,,ukl h,m._,,, IFelH<>Il: ''here<ll'e"] hi1n
    ,,f him. But hi, fric:nJ t<l l, l Jlle, hefure my wife Cl.:rb.m, rhar a >pi ritual
    ue.l(ure tki him rhar B.unah<b had cethur..:J IFentun: ''cu,ened"l h<)th 1\lr
    Clerb<m an-I nu: . The injuri.:, 11hich rhis B<H"n<lhas ha,! June m.: , li l'ers II'J)'S
    w..: re w ry gr..:ar, ere" (PD, H- 15; F..:m,n 24). Tw,, lines partially c:ra,e,l in rhe
    c>ri gin;tl arc rest<JreJ in rexr: "Thi, k;lrn.:,l man afr..:r Jinn.:r
    t<l du ll"har he coul-1 t<l further my kn,lwle-lge in magic ... with fairie, ... A
    ;mJ lhliTihl.: lie" (F..:ntlln, 25). Ahu1..: the JeleteJ emry is wrinen,
    "\\JU that r.;a,l thi, unJ..:nHirrt.:n <b>UI\: yuursdf that it b a shameful li..:, fur
    Talbnr neither sru,lt.:d f,,r any rhu1g: nnr ,h,lm.:-1 him,df dishonest in
    anythi ng." Ab,,,c thi:. D..:e IITlltc, "Thi, is l\lr Talb,lt, or rhJr karn..:d man, hi,
    nwn IITiting in my h,>,>k, , ,ry un.luly came by it" (F..:nr.m, 26 n.l3).
    Halliwlll rcm.1rked, ''There aro.: ther ut" Talb,lt cra,ed, bur
    whetloer by hitn lll" hy the LJ,Jcror it i, imp<>iblc [l) >Cl)', hut must rrllbably rho.:
    t(mner" (PD. I 'in). The cra>cd entries rdar..: mainl y w Talh,lt ur tu Dcc's wik,
    an-I an.: rc,r.,rc-1 in text (-H. 45, 46, 47, 48, 51 , 70, 72). Twu indicate
    Dec', J,,uhr, ahuur Talbllt. l'vlay 29, l5tl2, "lunderSl"<JoJ Talb,lt hi:. wicked
    n<Hure .md hb ah.Hninablc ,rc." July 16, 15tl2, "I hJ1e c.mti rmcd that
    Talhut was <I cuscner ... " (Fcnron, 45, -1 6) . Yet whatcl'er douhts Dec had, he
    C<HHinuc,lt<> eml'l<lY Talh,lt anJ llllrk with him ior the no.:xt se1cn ycJrs. His
    mu:.r :.cri<lU> -!uuht is in a nllte t recurd ut rhc :.piritu<d trJtbac-
    riun, ut !\larch I 0, 1582, ll"hcn he rhar Tal bot w!J him that originally
    "his cuming ll'a> to entr<lp me, it 1 had haJ any dealing wirh wick.:,! spirits, as
    he uftln times <ltrer: <llkl that he \\"<.IS :.et <ll1, etc."
    1
    i Who had set him
    <HI i, nc1er re..:llrded.
    The ne11 :.eer came under the: name "f E,lwar,l Talhllt, but after Nu1cmher
    !5Li 2 he i> knuwn as Edw.1rd l(dly (Llr l(dley). J<>hn Wee1..:r, wr iting in 1631
    ,1f "Kclly (llrh..:rll'i>c knll\1' 11 as T i, the tirsr commcmarnr t<l i,lenrify
    T,1lbur an,! i(..: ll y. With 11<1 puhli>he,l recur,!, w dra11 un ar rhis dare \XIec1cr's
    identili..:miun t<l be trum some now unknown per>cmal or ancclh>ral
    Slllii"Ce. l>
    On ::l;llur.l. ty, March 10, 15tl2, De..: and his new hcg.m their cun-
    sulrar iuns ll"tth spirits, which c.nuinue,l, with inrcrrupti<Hb, tor se\'o.:n years.
    Kelly l<hlk,d intu <t "sh<lll" swn.:" and saw the spirits. De.: a,kcd the quc,tkHos.
    The >pirits rq)lied rhruugh Kdly. Occasionall y the spi ri ts appear..:d rhc
    Stllne, hut thc n.: was murc nf a risk nf dcvi li:.h impnstcl r, appearing uutsidc the
    stune than in ir. R. J. W. El'ans ll"rircs 11f Kdly, ''his at the
    seance:. suggc::>t <lt 1cry leaor thuruugh familiarity with the t..:chnical
    ut "cculti>m."
    1
    '' Nu dcscriptilln ,J( the St<lnc hur ir :.ecms th<lt Dcc haJ
    more than une. ,lrawings in rhe margin uf rhe :.piritual record:. suggest
    rhar they were: >phcric; d halls, ancl fr,lm eviden..:c in the records w.: can as;, ume
    rhcy were uf cryoral. In the British there is <I bbck <lbsidian mirn1r, of
    Mexican Jrigin, ll"hich is tLl hal'e bclunged t<l Dec. It b duubtful, h,>wc1cr,
    whether this wa' uoed in rh..: :;crying se:ions.:.
    1
    Dcc dn.;, nut tu seen ur hcar,l dk >piritual creature>
    , ltrecdy, alth,1ugh the yc;tr hefl1rt:, May 25, !So l, he rcc,Jrdcd in hi, lliclry thar
    I
    A Bt.,gntphy uj EJu.nJ 1-.:dl;.. Englt,!t :\l,h.:tlll\l
    ) -1
    " I haJ ,ighr in cry:.rallli<Jitcre,l m..:, and I ,m.-' ' (PD. 11; Fent<Hl, I)). but 11. .t
    ro h;11e b..:cn a rare Kcasi<ll1. His praCtiCe nllw II' J> t<J pur h t> I Lie> I ,, ,,
    and the ,piritual creature, wnuld Jnswo.:r rhr ..1ugh Kdly, whll rlo..:lll 111 rl.,
    sr.m..:. De..: wou!J then write ,Jnwn what wa, The n<lte, were l.n,r
    scrihed, an-I the rec(>r,ls ,If rhe>e up inru buob. Orh..:r m.l nt,,._ ti j'f
    bnoks w..:re compi led which ab,rracteJ anJ Ctlllared rh..: infnnnatim
    The spiritual clialugue:. with Uric!, Gabrid, lich.ld, H.aph.1d, N.rh
    Di.: lllis, Mapsama, an,! orhcr angds C<llloi,r oi l..:ngthy insrru..:tilln:. 111 .m,:c:l
    magic, warnings <lt" apucalyp:.o.:, explc1rariun:. ot g..:nealugi..::., surveys of the rq;tdl'
    uf rh.: W<lrld, rebukes tll Kdly f,lr privately pracu.:ing SataniC 1\\..Jgtc, an,l .tlchem-
    ical and parables. Slime of rhe ,pint>, like the )'llung girl l,J
    Madimi), arc Jma:ingly individu<lteJ . Kdly', power, h.l\'1.! been
    d,JUbted by C<Hnmenrators, bur if dial.1gucs were J cotb.::Illlb h, ,_,:o. ,
    then Kelly sh,1uld be given due credit as a literary

    The ,pirirual e:o. pl,mHi<lm were <lftcn interrupre,l. On 20,
    T alb,)( was instructed, "He go fm rh.: h<l<lb ebe t hey will pen,h. " !In
    explain.:d in a n<)te: "He mc.mr thar my patrner E,l. , h,>uld g<l t I.Ctch
    the hooks ffllm Lanc.tster (or which were rhe Lurd lounreaglc\ b,"
    which Mr Murt yet h,t>."
    11
    William Stanl..:y, rhirJ L,Hd wh<l h.d
    died the previous year, i, presumably meant. He a 1\h.:mber ,>f <li1C <li rlo<l>e
    pow..:rful, Cad1<Jli.: ari:. tucratic famili<.!s, around wh<Hn pi.Jb and :.uopicilltb tl .. ur-
    ished. His granJ ,un William had inh..:rircJ rh..: ride but he 11 cl> cllll)
    sev..:n, so rhe bo,Jb arc unlikdy to have been hi,. Th..: yc>ung {,lunte.lgk 11.1.::
    lmo.:r inv.JiveJ in the faile,l rebdliun of tlw Earl <lf E:..:x. He ..::.c.tped ll"l l h .1
    fi ne and became an infurmer llll Carhulic C.Hbpir.lcte,. lr I> generall y bdt..:lc:J
    thar ir was h..: whLl revealed rho.: GunpowJ..:r pi< H. Whether or nlll Talh-1t 11 c:nt
    to Lanca,ter i:. unkn,nvn. He lefr rw,, day, ,lt[er the (PD, 15; Fcm.Jn.
    40) and W<b back with D..:e five w.:cks later, b1 Arri128, wirh,lur h.J\'lllg uhr.u1kj
    the books.
    Ar rh.: enJ ui Aprd !5tl2, rhc angd ichctd tlliJ Tal bot rh.n he , hul,IJ
    ger married. Talbut 1ery unhappy ar the "V..:ry ...lt:.qutetcJ ,"
    De..: record,. Acc.Jrding t<l Talbut, "H.: sai ...l rhJt 1 mu:. r bcrake r,, th,
    wmld <1ncl f,Jrsake t he 1\'l lrld. That i, rhar I m.Jrf). Which tu J,, 1
    have nu tutural inclination: n..: irhcr with <I o<t t"e c,m,c icncc may I J u it , c, ltlt r.tr)
    t<l my I'OW and pr,Jiessi<Ho.":; On May 4, T,,lbor kt"t (PD, 15; Fenron, -14).
    lr is unckar what he m..:;mt by his Vll ll' and pt"<lfe,ilm. Did h.: m..:an l.v
    forbidden ro 1m1rry becauoe he was 1 prie,t ? Wh.tr cbe .::lluiJ Le
    have meant? he operating undergfllund in Engbn,l, under an .t:.>Ullled n . nr,
    pur into Engbnd from a ill Eur,1pe? Walsingham's mrellt,;en ... ,
    network hJd intercepted and turned a uf such 1)ric,r, and u,eJ tlo..: m ''
    inf,mners <ll1 urher Catholics. Was Kclly/ Talb,Jt <lll<.: ,>( rhuse? 11nL
    which he is assuciar..:J in Wee1er's ,r,Jry and in hi:. prup,1,ed fur 1--l un-
    b,1uks, was at this t ime a ;,tr,JngllLll,j of C,nh,llic
    The ,!Jr..: uf the marriag..: is unknown. Th..: mcntinn <lf , 11 11L
    io in the , piritual reC<lrcls on April 29, 15tl1, when Kclly rcceil'ed a l..:rrcr 1. . ,n,
    '

    l\1\STIC.-\L L)f l11.)1J)
    h..:r.
    1
    .-\r thb J'<>IIH 1-:dl\ n<>t ru h.r1..: he..:n li 1 mg with h..:r, hut >f-' \ mg
    with D.:..: .H h lllrt lak..:.
    \..Jn July I 3, th..: <>f 'I'J'car:, in D..:..:' s ,li.lr)' t;,r the Li>t
    tim..:: Talh,n C<IIHC .rh,ur 3 uf the d n.: k afrcr n<l,H1, with whum I h.rJ >dill<.:
    wnr,b ,,f unkindn..:,; 111.: fnt!n,lly; h.: >aiel rh.n rh.: Lur.l h.1cl rh.:
    L1rd t-,(,,uiHeagle hi, h,,.,k, . H..: pr<llllised me sum..: ni Dr hu,,b" (PO,
    16; F..: ntcl n, -!5 , r..:;llb ''with wh<Hll llud ><me \\'llr,l, c1ih,1ok dc:llmg: whc1 p.med
    in fri ..:nJi y r..:rm,"). 1\(,,unre;lgk', daughter Eli:aher h haclm.uTieel EJw.rrJ
    Parker, lOth h.1run t-,(,,rl..:y, and it \\'aS prc>Ulll:lbly he whu ncm haJ the! hclllks.
    lr is nor kn, n,n ll'l1<1 Dr. h lyniver was, bur lat..:r in the ,pi ritual rran,;H.:ti<H1S
    (June 27, 158-!: TFR, 185) Kdly rnl,l D.:..: that he haJ karn..:J >ume magic
    frdlll him. p,1SMhly }\ huntl!agle'> bu,lkS d..:a!t with magic, [ll\l.
    \X
    1
    hen th.: >piritu:d tmnsacti<Hb N,ll'..:mh..:r 15, 15b2, >Cryer is
    n:un..:el Eclll.uel Kdly.:; In a >pirirual ,.;, i, ln <ll1 Nlln:mb..:r 21, the .mgd, ddrv-
    creel .r ,tun..:, ",1, hig .h an egg," whr ch Dee fuunJ un rhe tl u,u ut his >tuel \:.:o
    After thi, gill there ar..: nu recllrd, nf furrh..:r >piritu:ll CtHWer,.rriuns t;1r f,lur
    nHmth,. The pri1ar..: ,li:u-y r.:curd, rh:lt the clay airer the gift Kdly >d llff ru
    L, 111d,ll1 anel Lhe tdluwing d.1y t<l Blu.:kl..:y m rh..: Cms\\'olds, h1 rerurn withi n
    ten , lay, (PD, 17; Fent<Hl, 51). But rher..: i, thl indi.:.Jri.m th<H he Jicl return
    unti l t>.L1rch the f;>llmrmg )l!ar, 1583.
    I 11.: returned \\'ith a J"hn llu, ey <lf Bl,>ckky, ll'ith wh.nn h..: ,,lid he
    h;o,l f,und <1 >Cn>ll, wrirr..:n in >t rangc character>, a P<l\\'eler, and ..1 m;mu,cript
    cun>t>ting ,,f t\1'<> indi,i,lual h,>uks <111 >uhj..:.:rs, ,1ne ,,,- rh..:m rh..: alchem-
    ical hn,lk ut' Dull>t<m, :m,! the ud1..:r a b,,,,k ut' hi..:r,>glyphics. f,1LmJ,
    h..: hy >piritual Jirc:.:ri,lll ar N,>rrhwick Hill n.:ar Blnckley.:i The P<ll\'clcr,
    De..: .m, l 1-:dly Lltl!r cSt<lhli , heJ, \\'as the akh..:mical elixir. 1-:dly Jid nut immcdi-
    arely r..:1..:al to De:..: full ,,f rh..: ircnh
    .-\ number ,,r manus.: riprs ru Sr. Dunsran exbr . .-\ .:upy ,,f the:
    "Tr.oct.JtU> D,Hnini Du11>tani Epi><=llpi Cantuaritbb, \'cri philo,.>phi, dt:
    L1pidc phik,uphl>rum" in rhe hanJ c1f Arrhur D..:..: in rhe Britl>h Li-
    hr;lry, h,1un,lwrrh his "Arcr ar.:anllrum" (MS Slnanc 1876). Anhur 11'<1>
    J1hn D..:..:', >lln, anJ ir i> rhar thi> is a nf the;:
    >.l lllL' 1\\lrk rh.lt Kdly clbc<l\er..:J, hur the where<lhl>urs ,1f rh..:
    manu,.: npr Kdl y , li, cmer..:J is nnr knnwn, ir impu,:.iblc to be cc:rrain.!'
    It ha, been rhar rhc enigmatic Vuynich "Roger 13acun" manu-
    _,cript , <liKe hdllngi ng t<1 rh..: Rud,>lf anJ nu\\' prc::...:ncJ in the Bc:in..:ck..:
    library ar Uni1..:r:.iry, \l'<b nne <>f Kclly's Bln.:kky Jbc<>v..:rie,. De..:'s ><lll
    Arrhur rokl Sir Thoma, Br,l\1'111.: rhar in Buhemia p<bsess..:J a bcll>k, t(nmd
    rugcrh..:r \\'ith a J1<lll'der, "cllntaining nothing hut hicruglyphic>, which 0<1l1k his
    brh..:r hc:st<lll'cd much rune upnn: bur I <=<ukl 11<1[ hear [har he Cl>ukl mJke ir
    llltt." L1e>J1i t..: Cllll>iderahk dt(1rr an,l <hsi,rcd deClleling ru rh..:
    y,,ynich lll<H1u:.cripr, still llll <111e hecn ahk ru make ir
    In larcr ycar:. . nher acC<lUnt> ut the a.:ctuisiri,m uf rh.: pu11J..:r .m, l
    rhe manuscript .: ir.:ularcJ. Eli;b A, hmllle \\Tore in Th.:amon Ch.:nucwn Bmanni-
    Cillll rhar ,mJ Kdl r sn >tr:mgdy furtumrre, as tu tinJ a \'ery largc
    quanriry uf rhe elixir in pmr of rh..: ,,fGI,t>t<ll1hury abbey.""' But thb
    I
    A 13togT.t[ilr;. ll/ EJu,n,l 1:-:dl), rhc En,:lt,!r Akhclll>l
    .,,
    11.1s \l'rlrt.:n hd,He h,1,l .rcqlllrc:d rhe m.mu,cnpr ,1( thl' nl>t I'. I,: it..
    spiritu,d ri.:CllrJ, , 111 which the: Bh>.:kley .ICC<>llllt i> gl\'1!11. Niclll." Lcn.:kt ""
    Fre, noy d,1im..:d in hi, Hi,wir.: d<! ltt Philu:;oJJhlc H.:ml.:ll<jltl' (I i -!2 ) rh.H 1-: .ll,
    b,>ughr rh..: pnwder anJ the mamr,.:npr f, ,r Il m the Webh m.1rche r'r, m ,,;;
    innkeeper 11 htl h,1J i.ICLJllir..:J rhc!m fr<Hll the rt>hher> uf th..: rumb Ut .. I f-r,h, J' li:
    a neighb<lring church.U There is nll re<bltl fll credit e1rh..:r llf th..:>c i.ICCllll llt .
    Dee haJ alchemical lahuratL>rit:> at hi> huu,..: ,n 1\ lurrb ke , fl' l\ nu k
    up,rream ui L, m,hm on rh..: Th.une,. He h,lJ hc:..:n ..:xp..:rim..:nring thll ,
    for twenty y..:ars. I lis library cnnrameJ sum..: nin..:ty .d.:h..:mical h,,.,k, ;mJ ,,;.., \
    alchemical manu>.:riprs, many con>l>tlng 11f mur..: rhan <me w.>rk.
    1
    ! There ,, ...
    diary of ht, alchemical cxperimetlt> f,11' 15:5 I pre,..:n..:d rn the BuJb.m L1h.,, \
    (MS Rawlinson D 2-! 1; in Ft:nrlm, 308-09), anJ hb pnl'arc inJ r-
    cate> >umcrhing c1i his cnntinuing intcre>t in rh..: ;1r..:a in rh..: 1580,. lt ,, nut ck.rr.
    h<111'1.:\'er, he 11as ..:ngageel in akhemi.:.d wurk with dt rhr, wn,
    Am,mg frequent visitclr> tu tvl,>nbk.: ar thl> rime \\'<1> AJrian Gdbcrt , h.,lt
    brother ro Sir W.drc:r Ral..:gh anJ <l>>i>tanr ru 1\ lary Sidney in her alch..:nue.d
    cxperim..:nrs ar Wiltlln Huu,c;. Adrian anJ hi, hrmh..: r Sir Humphrey Gdbln
    actl\'e in prllllll>ting n>yagc> tcl the t\mc:nca,, pruJc: Ct> in wh1ch Dce 11 ''
    invulveJ. AdriJn G ilb..:rr \\'.!, all.m..:J ><Hlle pMucip.ll lllt1 111 rh..: >l!t <lll> 11 11 h
    tire spi rir,.
    11
    Kdly qu.rrrdl..:d \\'lth Grlherr , .1, h..: elrd w1rh .rn<Hh..:r \' t>ll<r. the
    ChJrle> Slc!J. "Serve Gl1d ;md rake h..:cd <>i n..:rrlc:s," a ,pt ritu.LI ,.,1ic..: \\,lrnLJ
    nn Apri l 5, 1583. "This was >J1<1kcn ru Kd ly in r..:,p.:.:r ,,fa great anger h.: 11.1
    in yest..:rnighr, by rt!a,,m that haJ J one him inJury hy >pc..:.:h at my r.rHl,"
    Det: recl)rds, n<>ting rhat rh.: per,nn '' hu up>l.:t Kdly wa, Sled.
    11
    SI..:J
    was one! of Wabingham's lllll>t dfe.:tl\'e .mJ llllb t rr..:achc: r1US >I!Cr..: r agent>. He
    haJ upc:rar..:d a, a spy in R.un..: in 1579, reporting hack nn Carhulk pric>t, wh,,
    being prepared fur unelcr<.: <ll'er c>p..:r.Hiun, in Engl.lnJ. H..: ho,l compr leJ '
    J,,ic:r <ll \ n.:arly duce hundreel pric,r,, ><1l,lier>, mercham,, .mJ , ruJ..:nt> he h.,J
    met After hi> <=wcr bl,111'n he: rc: wrnc:J tu Engl.mJ cununuc:J
    hi, tl.>r Wabingham. He pre><.:nt,:d 1!\iJ..:nc..: fur the >tat..: ar rh..: m.t!
    uf Edmund Campion. C:l'icknce b widdy hdie1'1.:J l<) h,ll'<.: he..:n f.rhn..: .rre.l.
    C.unpi<m wa, >enrc:nc..:,l t<> de.nh and ext:cut..:J. Sle,l hung arc1unJ D..:e', ,,.,rU
    fm a number nf y..:ars anJ "'''' in plunJ..:nng nf his librar). \\ ,,,
    Kdly'> a p>ychic re<.:nil frl>lll him! Or d1J Kdly kncm' wh..1t Slt:d \\'a,: \\ .lo
    Sl.:d rherc;: war.:hmg De..:, ur Kdly, <l r h,Hh? W.b Slc:d trying tu unJ..: nninc: 1-:ell)
    in De..:'s by provoking him in >Llllle wa)'? Or 1f Kdly a> Talhtlr haJ ongr n.dh
    been >l!t tu enrrap JiJ they knuw each uther, Kdly anJ Sled, irom wurk m,.
    rugether in rhe past, or prcs..:nt !
    1
    ;
    Kdl y haJ a tiery tc:mper, anJ hi> rd.Jll<llbhrp \\'ith D..:..: <lften ,, , ,rill\
    He rdu>l.:el w conrinue ru scry. Of cme such <lCC.JSi<m, A11ril 2e\ 15,:,)
    ll'hen rh..: stone ,hnw..:J only a dark cl.)liJ, Dee recurd,:
    Thi, S.uurday h.1d hcc:n grc:.lt .md e.1gc:r p. mg> hetllec:n E. "- .111.! u ..:
    while he wuulJ utt..:rly di>Cr..:Jtt rhc wh,>l..: pm.: .:,, ,,f uur ,,,, r.
    be lkme hy evil ill uding >eeki ng hb dc!>trucuun. S.r) rn.: ri. . t
    12
    ()f <.J()L[)
    he <l ltc:n hc:rct<II;Jr<.: h..:ct l t11kl rru..:, bur 11f illuJmg ,l..:1ib: ,1nd
    111111', hnw can hc nrh.:1, a mockerr, w ha1e a curner..:d dark
    d , lucl t<l be him insr..:a,l of the plain writmg which hirh.::ncJ h.::
    ha,l wrirr.::n <lllf <li? And th<tr when they slhJulJ do in deed that
    then they tr. 1111 tb. And rhar h.:: was nut rhus w lllsc: time:
    bur rh.1r h..: t<l t<l l,arn ><lme kn.1wledge, whcrebr he may live:
    >111d rhat he a cumb.::r t11 my and that h..: dwdkd hen: as in
    a prison: that it were h..:tt..:r f,Jr him t<l h..: near plain where he
    might walk .thm,td, 11 it hour danger tl he cumbered or l't:xc:d wnh
    fdlul\'> as he wa:,, wirh one lirrle N.::d dwdling ar
    the Black Raven in wh11 railed ar him fur hearin"
    of a barg.tin m.t,le the Ne,l (<If E ..lward) and un; .1
    whn wa:, lhiW !alien in puvcny, a very htlnest man, erc.
    10
    But l;r .dl :md rage,, m.:,liumbric Plll'er:, were .:xrr.t
    1
    Kdmary.
    O n tvLty 5, 1583, Dc:c a,k..:,l rhc :,pi tirs ,th,Jut " rh.: which ye:>ter ni .. ht wa:,
    pn:>c:nlc:d (unl .. ,Jked f,1r) tu th.: :,igh r <lf E. K. a, he :,at :u supp..:r wtrh"m..:, in
    my h.dl : I rh..: .tp(:caring , ,f rh.: \'ery :>t:a, .md many ship:, rhercnn, and
    the currtng ut rh.: a ll'llllh111, by .1 rall hl:11.: k man, what arc we w ima.,in..:
    I l-1..: "The on..:, did :,ignity rh..: prul'ision of
    .tg.lllbt rh..: Lit rhi" land: which they pur in practice: rh.:
    rh..: death ut rh..: Qu..:en ,1f Scut:>. Ir is nur lung unru ir."l7
    nee ntJte.l in thc margin Ill his rc'Clltd,, "The Quet:n nf [\) be b.:-
    Ar Lncr date h.: ad, l,:d, "S,J shc was, An no 1587 ar Furh.::ringhay
    Ca,tl..:. An0 abo rh.: :,ame year a pr..:parati<lll ut ship> agaitbt En"ldncl by
    the ol Spain, rhc P11pe anJ other princt::> called Catholic, etc." That
    rhe ::ip.1111"h .-\ nnacla ut 1588. Kdly had :,t:en imn the iurure.
    On I, 1583, Dce nnr..:d in his priv<Jtc di:lry the arrival 111 LnnJ,m ,J(
    rh.: p,,lbh, 1.1rJ Lt,ki_:-;.11' Alhcrr as rh.: English c<Jihl him (PD, 10;
    F..:nron, 7ti). Lt, kl (I) 36-160)), the PaL.ttmc of Sierad:, a powerful figure in
    the ..:l..:ct i<Hb ru the thrun.:, had h..:en a major parricipanr in rh..: Puli,h
    d..:lcgattlll1 r,J France after rh.-: uf Henri de Valnis. During visit then!
    he had marn..:d rhc ut rlw King, Sabinc d..: S-!1.!, his t hird, ancl last,
    11 11..:.. An arch..:typal Renaissance aristocrat, he wa, the aurhnr ,,f rwu lx1uks in
    LJtin, on.: a mi lirary rrcari.e, the urhcr Lll1 rdigi.m and politics. He had travelled
    wtddy artlund rhe Eur.lpean cnurr, . And he wa" known a gr.:ar patron of
    ,plrtt ual rd<lrmcrs, and pncrs. In 1569 h..: had financed the
    cd tnun <If ArcltiJuxa..: Pblu:sut)hiu, bouk X, annotated by his pcrSLinal
    phy:>Jct.:n J1hn Greg<H)' Macm ,mJ rrathlat.-:d by the pul.'l laurcare of Sil.:sia,
    Adam Schr,Jctcr.
    1
    "
    Thc Engli,h .lllrh,lritie" ll'cr.: unabk r.1 why 11 <1> vi,ir ing
    England, .1nd 111d..:eJ n<l certai n .:xplanari.m ha, ever been For all his
    1:asr La,ki ll'<b imp<ll'l: rished and one thc,lry is rhar h.: hupcd fm
    hnanci<l l trJm Dcc .tnd Kdly\ alchemical experti>e. T he 1\'Jtchcd
    hun and pruviclcd him with a Wdliam Herlc, wh. 1 had b..:cn
    a cruc ial inl, nm.:r in the Rid11lti pl.1r.
    1
    " AniJthcr spy called Henry Fagot (alleged
    L
    1'\ j, ,hn w be J CLJ\'l.' r n.unc ,,,r Gt<lrd.lllll Brun,J) lt.lt>cd 11 trll H.:rlc t. k"''
    \\ ,d,i ngham info rmed 11f ,tct ivitiesY <Hlllth.:r .t,:.:nt ,
    rh.: Catholic puet Thunhl> Wat:,<ll1, applt..:d w Jtlach h un,ch 1,
    La, kt's ent<lurag.::.l
    1
    La,b visited De..: 11irh in a ,,f hi" .trrii'Jl-.t 1i,il rq,,>ncd l'l
    tle rle. La,li haJ .1 panicul.1r HHerc:,t in tiWn geneal't:\ , and tn h t> ch.uh.c>
    uf ;1Cquiring the dcctil't: crown <If PulJnd. Dcc .1nd Kdl\ rh.: >l'lrlb
    un rh.-:se topics for hun and he participar.:d wirh them in their tt".llh.-
    in June. The \'Llung ,ptrit m.tiden M.tJuni inf,mne,lrh.::m rhar L1>k1 ""
    rdared m the Lacey>, the Norman lord, ot the Wcbh mJrchc,Y .1l'"
    c.msultcd with Sir John Feme ab,Jut hb genealug\, bur accmding rn thc ac..:, 1unr
    111 Feme\ BL.tzun vf (L,mJ on, 1586) n<lthing re,ultd
    Lt,ki abu approachecl rh..: math.::m.Hicl.lll and m.lgict.m ThLHn.t:> All..: n
    ..: nrering service in PulanJ. Alien dccltned rh.: Llli'er.H
    On June 5, 1583, De.: rt:C<lrd..:d StllllC ne\1>. "E. K. h.td b.:.:n .:1 .:1
    ,i nct: nine ot rht: cl.JCk in rh.-: n1t1rning m a great "'
    mmd, fury, and rage by hi, brother h.td brought him ne11 th . t
    a our rll arrach, Jnd Jppreh.:nd him <1> Ll /dun for .:ummo: u]
    money. Secondly, that hb 11ifc was g<me fnm1 Fr..:..:man\ h,lU>e .11
    Blocklcy, and how l\!r. 1-lu:,cy reported him LOO<! a and ucJ
    very bitter and gricl'llll> rep<lrb Llf him n<l\1' Llf l.n..:; and rh,H h t" Wile 11 a, .H
    home with h..:r lli<Hhcr at C hipptng N on1m."H
    Kdly's rcacti1m i. inrer..:>ttng. W,Juldn'r f.:M h.tl' t: been the mu,t ltk.: l\
    to the ui an impcndtng Clinmg n1lmcy ?
    ern..:ss of mind impli.:s But Dee fury .md rage. b that the re.lctttH\
    of a man caughr uut? Or of a m.m who that he h.ts been :,et up? Or I
    it guilty bluster? lt is nor dear when the coining tu h.tve li.:Currcd.
    Was it perhaps S) me old ..:hargc rhar had been hdd uvcr him? The runmg ur
    events is it occurred two weeks after La,ki , .,, ired Dce. And th ...
    incident tr,df ha" srrang.: rcv..:rherari un:,. Ten year:, later in Flu, hing, C hn, r<>
    phcr Marlowe was similarly invnlved in a coining charge th;tt wa:, no r all rh.11
    it >eemed to he, rhat uverl.tppcd with the dupliciri..:" nf the secret >Cfi' JCe lll.Jr!J
    around Carhulic acrivi>ts.;; thb on Kdly t11 ger hun ro >PY
    Coin ing was a charge, t he sorr ,l( thing t h.tr n11ght mJkc a m.1n
    want (I) kave the country. the int..:nti<m behind it (tl cnC<lUfage I<
    cnmmit himsdf tJ La,ki and ,u get <JUt uf England? S,J rhar Burghlcy ll'luld
    have hi:. man in c..: ntral Eurupc? lud wnncctilli1S 1111t only with PuLmJ
    hut abu with the and rhc Holy Roman Empir..:. lt i, rhe riming th.tt
    enc,lurage> the :,pcculatim. rhi, dramatic event soon aitcr La,ki m.tJ,.
    contact; the timing, and rage, rage at .:nrmpmcnr rat hcr rh.m .1 1u1
    ot arrest.
    No arre"r l.'\'cr <:thuc,l. Were the J nl(ll1ecl m exch;tngc hlr ,, .1... . 1.
    W.b the not truc, a fabc rumur thar hi, hroth..:r Thuma" h.d h.: ... rJ.
    Or dicl Kdly imcnr rh.: coining a f,u juming
    and Dee to :,ee ing in La,ki a mnr.:: ftlflll of p.Hrllna;;.: th. ll,
    anything tlli'.-:ring in Engl. mJ tl"
    -H t--IYST il ::\L t-- 11::'1 :\ L Or u()Lll
    ltt rh..: nt.t rgtn D..:..: IIT<Ile <If t he ",t m.:re unt ruth in el'l' ry pan
    t h.:re<>l, .Hh l " m.dt ciuu, lie" 6). It i:; n<ll d ..:.tr ll'hen he .tJJeJ thar
    Cllmmenr, <111 what gr<J U11lls he m.tJ t: it, whether t h<tt b Kelly', reburr.d, <Jr
    b,t, ed " n lt1!lll'lltat i<m Dee 11.1> .tble t<l uhrai n thr,Jugh ofhcial channeb, or ju:; r
    a C<Hw icti<Hl. But rhi, epi>uele, ll' hich in the l.lpening of
    t<. leric 1659 publicariun <lf rh..: spiritual transact i:; unJ ,Jubre,lly
    b.t>l> f, tr the frequendy repeateel cla im, that Kcl ly was convicteJ
    lll C<Ji ning, anJ .:.tr-crupring as .1 punishmenr. tar the r.:cnrd:; go,
    h<t ll' e\er, there 11<1 e1kknce rhar rhen: w;t:; any ro the charge, ur
    t har .my mal ur punt, hmenr en>U<!d. It i> un!.kdy that Dee ll'llllkl nut have
    n.;.;,,rdc:J ;t rrial, cut1\'icti<ll1, <H- punblun..:nr in either the >pirirual uan><Ktioth or
    hb pril'<lle if , u.:h haJ taken pl..tce.
    On June 15, 1583, La,ki, Wgt:ther ll'ith LHel Ru,,d l anJ Str Phi!.p Stllney,
    calk,! in <ll1 Dee on hi:; ret urn fmm his .:crcmunial vi, ir ro Oxtix J , ll'ht:re he
    haJ heen Ltl'l>hly enrenaineJ ar,J heard Brun<> debate.' ; F,1ur day> b rer, on
    June _19 "t he Lure! Alhen La, ki came t<J me anJ lay at my night" (I'D,
    20; Fc:nt<ll1, 9 3). :\ nd n. nv Dee <ll1cl 1-.:dl y Cllll1tnirred rhem, dl'l!> ru La,ki',
    >etYh.:e. Un Sc:pr.: mher 21, 15t>3, Dee and hts wift:, family anJ >enanrs, and
    Kelly ht> ll' ife lefr wit h Lt,ki lr,Hn lJ ra,esend fnr Eumpe. Th..: d.:parture "at
    J eaJ <l t ntghr" m.ty h,11..: b..:..: n moti i'<HeJ by a ck sire fnr At one pllint
    thc:y nearl y dnnn1t!d when lll1e nf rhe clmghie> wa, swamped "bur in rhe mean-
    ll'hik E. 1-.: . ll'i th a great gwmk r empti..:d mosr , J( rhe war.:r lJUt <lf the boar,
    ebe it lllll>f need, ha1e >Li nk, by all man', n.!U>ell1-" ; >
    N<l pri1are diary ,Jt" are knllwn ru 1: 1r rh.: rln.:e
    lr<Hll rhe rime nt thei r le:ll'lng England until their arrival in T reh.m in
    Sepu.: mher 15t>o, bur rh..: >ptriru.tl l ransact i<H1> continued unabareJ , anJ in their
    reC< H'<b ><ltnc: u( rhe e1enrs ,,f t:\'eryJ ay life ar..: nured.
    The) ' p.:nr four munrhs rra1..: ll ing. Landi ng at Brill d1..:y ll'elH by a >mall
    .._.,,t,tal l'e>sd t< 1-l.1arlem anll Anl>rerJam. Then they pn1ceeJed al< H1" rhe
    tlllrthern eclge ut Eur,Jpl!, ne1..:r far t't'<Jm the by sm.tll boars anJ by
    ancl C<lrt. Fmm DLlkkum they went t<l Anj um, EmJen, Oldenhurg, Bremen,
    H.t rhurg, Hamburg, Ll.iheck, Wi, mar, R,>,[llck, and S:c:.:cin, where rhey arrin:d
    <I ll Chrisuna> lllllrnmg and >tayed f,,r three 1\'eeb.
    >pirirual conr inueJ Juring their rra,eb. In Li.ibeck, N<JI em-
    b.:r I ) , Dee re.:e iled a spirit mc:s;age via Kdly: "Y,tur brorh.:r I> cLtppeJ in
    prt>< \11 , h,m d,, you li ke that? Ynur hnu, .;keepcr, I me.m. " Dee', hr<lther-in-law
    N ich, >Lts Frunh m,l I \'a> l,lok ing afr.r rhe ar t-. lorrlJke. "They say rhar yuu
    ha\'1! htJ den secret f<Jr yuur bnuks, you may lnok them ar
    letMtre. l r m.ty he rhar )'Llur h<JU>e may he burneJ iur a remembrance." Ei.,hr
    later !n Pr;tgut:, 27, 15tH, Dee recei1ed letter, r.:ll ing "h<J\\' t 1r
    Gtlherr, t-- lr _::,led, Mr Andr<:<t> Fre!ll<J_n, hc:im my b,x>b eller, ll>cd me l'ery il l"
    anel ht> ltbrary. b n ltkdy that it rh..: mill had taken place by N,wember nn
    nne 1\'<Htkl have wnne1_1 f<J D.:e he(He rhe tdluwi ng Is Kd ly' , >pirirual
    mt urman, m lll<l>t 1aken as .1 pr.:visi,m? That rho: in
    se..:ms n,Jt tll ha1e been a Ji vine one, >o Dec >U>pcct.:d ar rhe rime, is nur
    n..:ce Mi ly <1 pmhlem; e1il spirits .:nukl readtly impart rrue int<J nnarion; rhe
    ,
    1
    , r, ,hkm ll'<l:i 1hat rhey inrennmgleJ tr 11 ith J i>ml<>nn. tLhn . . -\ t ..
    l' ll lhtliry IS rhar Kd ly h,d prillr kn<lldeJgt: rh.tr . I rate! \1.1> g<Hng tll t.l kl' rlt.e'
    .-\lreaJ y b.1ck in Jul)' !583 he had Jdtl'ereel rh.: >ptnru<t l tu Dee tl . t
    ht> home wuuld b.: searcheJ. DtJ he hal'e llt her <>I int . mn.tlllln l) r J d
    he neeJ anythi ng ,nh..: r rh,m a realt, lt.: p.tr.mot.t? Ccrr;unly, .tr ,nme P< 11 n1, 'r
    P<Hnr:;, rh.: t-. lnrrlake raideJ anJ ><lme h1.: hunJ reJ l'l<xJb p[u, Ltb .. r.t
    l<l ry equipment >tolen ur J .un.lgeJ. D..:.: marked rh..: >t<>len b<>ob ll1 .1 cupy ll lu-
    lthr,u-y caralngu.:, and Je, cnheJ the l<l>>c> in J .: t,tiltn hi> Cump.:1d ww.
    They arri l'eJ in La>k<J ,m February 3, 1584 (TFR, 62) ,mel the tuli<J\\ 111 _
    llllH1Lh >l!t ded in The >pimu.ll dt.tlllgues cunrmueJ 111 Pul.mJ. T h ... )
    11 ere deeply imulv.:J in a,..: mhli ng a o: rahle by whKh l> >Ulllllh I'
    up angeb. The c<JJe wurlb \\'ere dicLJtl'J hy >pirir tn rel'..: r,e, anJ wh. k
    prucc:ss wa> extremely C<lmplex ,l ncl rime-C<lll>Ullll ng. lr I> llllt knu11 n t1 thl' \ 11 "''
    als,l engag..:d in akhemical experimc:nb. Kdly ab,, ( lHHII1ucJ , <I> in Engl.m, l, 1<
    practice magic un hi, uwn, anJ rhe >ptrib ut'ten r..: huke hun rhi> 111 the
    >CS>illi1S with De.:. Kd ly 11'<1> al ,, cun, ulred by La, kt >Cp.tr;lld) trom Dec. I k
    1\'<l> tll recci\'e $400 a ye<lf fmm La,ki, bur La,ki , knllll' n in r lll.md .h ,I hllthllll k,,
    bucket, wJs ,horr <lt' and hy 1584 wa, hankrupr. De.: an,l Kd ly ll' erc: then
    J itt:.: reJ by , pirir tl> "g<l t<J rhe Emper,Jr," RuJ,Jlt 11 , rhe 1-l<l ly R<llll<lll Emp ... t-.11'.
    Th.:y arri1e, l in Prague llll Augu>t 9, 1584, anJ f, JunJ Ill
    the hou>e of Dr Taeld> H.ijek, rcpuredly rhe >eni<Jr ak hemical aelv t>L' I' t<J th ..
    Emperor Hi> h<lLISe u,eJ inr akhemi..:.t l 11urk .mJ the >tUJ\ 11 .
    adnrned with ak hemical hier>glyphs anJ ,er,e,_ ltb t rucleJ by >pt rir, Dee 11 r,tc
    w Ruelolf seeking an auJtence. On Sunday, Sepremher 2, 1he ll.ty het<r..: De:.: till I
    RuJ,Jlf, Kdly gllt spknJtJly J runk. Dee rcc,JrJecl che <h.:C: a,Hln 111 t he . l
    rran, acriuns (TFU, 229- 30):
    There ll' a> a grc:.n cl t>qut<! tnl! tn E. 1-.: . h..:mg h,Hne 11<>111 .. ut -
    h,lu>e whlre h.: h:tJ lain .Il l ntglu up.1n a i,11m, by he h.l.l 1 ...
    ,uJd..:nly uv.:rcume wirh 1\'ine, which he nel'.:r 11'<1> ltke that her.1r-- , [,,.
    :,aiJ . Yet intenJing ll' ith hin1>clt ro r.tk.: heed <lt hcing O\ 111 J n, .k-
    ing wine, being by the t<l gi'..: her .1 ut' win.: lll '' '"
    rhe g<llhl harg;lln he haJ in a d e1.::k he l'l<IUgln t'r,Hn her fM ll\ e
    In rhi, drinki ng company 1\'<l> Alex,mJer, L,HJ L t, ki', >cn.tnt , ,,j,,
    c:unc with U> rn Pr.1gue, t<> ll'hlllll E. K., ll'hen rhe J nnk <111 the -uJJ-:1.
    haJ lii'CrC<llll<.: him, , aiJ he woulJ .:ur ut't' hi, he,,J, .mJ wtr h ,,,tlktll_
    ,raff ruucheJ him fai r and ><ltrly nn rhe neck, >itting in ll'<liH t' lll m
    Thi, Alexan, lcr being halt llrunk hun, d f by ;mJ h) ttl<lk the:-.: 1\ , ,lcl
    in gre.tt ,nuff anJ went t<> , leienJ huu, dl anel ><l tllllk hi, IIC.tl'"n t,l Ltl
    <lllJ rhereupLm they c.tu>ecl Alexander ru g<l J ,n,n.
    lr wa> >Upper time anJ that nighr l rc: t'rali1L'll fr<Hll e.ntnc: . . 1nJ '
    wai ting at my anJ l<l<lklllg our >.Ill' Alex.mJer >lllllll,! the
    greac stunt: uut>ide uur lnllgmg. I callecl tl1 hun anJ c, >ld hun rl u r the\
    11ere ar H..: .:ame .wer t<J me anJ h..: h. Ill 1wpr much. He c .. tll-
    plaineJ ,,f Kdl y', i,Jrmer 11nrJ , anJ rhe wuch <ll rhe >l.tii, 1-.. 1\\ n 11 _,,
    -to 1-. l ET:\L Uf GULD
    ag.tinsr hi, cr.:clir l<> wk.: th,l t in guu,l parr, and opuk.: 111.my s,1kli.:r>'
    tenlb ut" ,ruur wurcb, 11<)[ worthy nf r<.::C< 1rcling.
    I rhereup,H1 ll'l::nr tu <lllr h<Jst's huuoe to find out the truth anJ there
    I (,1unJ E. K. fast asl..::cp <H1 a i<lrm, most soundly, t(n wh1ch I ll'<b right
    ><>IT)'. An,l yet better pl.:ased to percei ve the word, of E. K. which sn
    m,ne,l Alexan,l..:: r, being halt drunk, to have been spoken by E. K. when
    wine and nllr wit b,>re rule. AnJ oo 1 pleacleJ a lnng time wirh Al..::xander
    rh.H uf 1n1rds sp.1k.;n so as tht:y wt:re, no SLKh exact account wa, to be
    given tll him; ancl afr.::r tll'<l huurs persuasion caused Alexander to gu to
    heel in llur 1,1,lging where he useJ tu lie, fnr h..:: would ha1e gune <lUt to
    <1Ur furmer inn in th<lse raging halt drunken p<mgs h.:: wa, in, which l
    thllugh t \\' ;IS n<l( g<lUJ. ,
    This M,mJay morning E. !(_ hllme and s.::eing
    "" he came in, ,a i,l , "Th.:y s<ty I spnke words which grecHly uftencled yuu
    b , t night, and that I tuuch.:J you with my smff, ere. l knnw nothing of
    it," ancl shuuk hancls with AlexanJer in frien,Ily fa,hi un.
    "Wdl." said Alexander, "si fuisser aliu>, etc."
    E. K. came up tn me. I t<lkl him !11 Ill' snrry I was fur rh1, mi schJnce
    ;m,l ruld him ,I( the warchnun perceiving Alex:mder\ Ji,quier mind and
    he<tring his wmds, they came tu me and chaq;.::d me ro h<tve a care ,l(
    rh.: peace-ke.::ping, as they di,J indeed. And further :,aid that Al..::xander
    in hi s rage said that rather, m before he sh<Juld cur off his head that he
    ,,.,lukl cut E. I(_ in pieces.
    As SU<ll1 "" I hacl rlur W<>rd uf thi, clrunken Akxander,
    wlhllll tlllll' I >all' quiet .md E. K. alsn quiet, suddenl y E. K. fdl int<l such
    a mge that wuulJ l' e r.::vcngcd un him to r so saying and fur rJiling
    nn him in t he street a, he ,Jicl, ere.
    Much aclt l l , Emeric and his br11Lher t<> >tnp 11r huld him frum
    g,1ing to Alexancl<.:r wi th his weapun, etc. At length 1vc let him go in
    his J,lublet ancl hose, wirh,lut a cap m hat on hi, heacl, and into the str<.:et
    he hasred with his brnther's n1pier drawn and challenged AlcxJnder to
    ti ght.
    But 1n:nt lr,lm him and >a iJ, "I will n<l[, 1\Lbt..:r !-:ell),
    I 11 ill n,1r."
    At thb E. J..:. r,lllk up a >t<lne and threw it after him ;ts after a d11g,
    :md su came inw t he huu:;e again in a 11hlSt furi ous rage that he might
    nut llght with Alex;m,ler. The rage an,! fury was S<l great in W<lfcls and
    gesrures a, might plainly pnll'e th<lt the wickecl enemy sought either E.
    K. 's uwn destmying of h imself, Ll r ,)f me, nr his brother, etc.
    This m,1y suffice lll nutify the mighty temptation and vehement
    1\'llrking uf the suhrle >piritual enemy Satan wherewith GoJ , uff.::red E.
    K. ru be temptcd and almusr <Wercume, to my great grief, discumfi.1n and
    grcar if it shuulcl, as the truth was, ha1e C<Hne to the
    Emperor's understandi ng, except ha,l kn,1wn me well , ere.
    I was in d11Uht h,1w G,>d wuukl take this offence and cl..::li, ed
    with myself huw I migh t wirh hunesty be cleared fmm t he ,hame and
    I
    lan .. er dnt mi.,ht ari, e if rhe,e l 11 n tight, cL..: . .-\.l t he L .t ll
    :muld cro:s all : ocd hupe here ll'lth the Emp<.:rLl r, etc. fcJr a time till L),J
    ir.
    After I had brllught E. K. lLl ,ome c[Uietne, by yiekhng [,
    h i> humour etc. and saying litrle, mlt long ..1fter came my meoo<.:nger rr .. ul
    my wife at Krak0w, anJ Hugh my w1t!1 him, w my great
    rh rough her letter>, and the iull :.atislying ot me by l-lugh n:y >cfl
    knowledge further t han convenienrly Clluld be written. Comtorr 1n w ne
    of need.
    Dec met with RuJulf <lll September 3 (TFR, 230). Sh,mly ,ltt<.:rll',lrcl,,
    ,pinrual instructilllb, he 1\'1\lte w Ru,luli that coulJ_ nuke the phd,b,lpher ,
    stt1ne (TFR, 243, 246). There: !s 11ll recurd <l t any tunher RuJ,lll
    delegated hi:. advi:.er, Dr. Jakob Kur:, to cleal 1\' lthDee. When Kurz VISited Dec.
    September 26, "1\!r l(elly had gtltten h im intL> ht, dumber, nut wdltng t<l
    (TFR, 247). Dee abu came tcl know the Spanish amb,b,,ld,Jr, Dun Gudlcn
    de San C lemente, a Jescendanr of Ram,in Lull, a> he w lJ Dee. The
    transactions cominueJ unabareJ . Rec,Jrd, nt' Dee and Kelly':. urher hlr
    rh is perilld are slight , bur, R. J. W. Evan, stres,es, ''[t woukl be_ tabe ..
    from this that they necessanly remamed out ut touch wnh the LllUrt . TilL)
    returned ru Krak6w in October and then in Decembcr Glme back lll Prague
    where Oee left Hajek', mllm> ancllea,ed J house in Salt Street nnt iar lr,Jm t he
    marker place in Old Praguc (TFR, 354 ). In April 1585 they
    April 22, lvhmduy, Dee that "very Je,oU[ly m ::ir ::,rephen ,
    church, E. K. received the C<Hllmuni,ln, tn my un,peakable anJ C<HHcnt ,
    being a thing Sll long and required and of hi_m hy our
    good friends." Laski arranged !ur Dee tu meet the Kmg ul Puland, ,::, rq,hen
    Bathury, and Dee and Kdly held a seance with Sreph.::n on May 27 (TfR, 40-t) .
    But no patronage seems tcl have resulrecl ir.Jm the encnumer. Around rim.:
    they mer rhe the,ll,Jgical France,cn Pucci, whu had . l<llllll eJ
    Sucinus w Krak611', anJ now became a member lli De.:', hnu,ehold. '
    1
    In July
    t hey returned to Prague. .
    Dee and Kell y's spirit raising actil' it k > haJ oune tll the <ll the
    Catholic church , and on th..:ir r..:turn tn Prague they were ,ununllned w exrlJm
    rhemseh-es. They delayed re>punJing as long as they CL1uld, bur finally un Lrch
    27, 1586, they had an audience wit h the papal nuncio, Germanico 1\!aLt,pinJ,
    bishop oi San Severo. Dee handleJ t he interview tactfully, but then Kelly >U<,!
    gesred one <)i the pwblems wi th the Carhc1lic church was the P<lllr CllnJu.:L
    of many of rhe prie,rs. The nuncio wa> t1Llt amused. Dee wa, tniJ hy "t he
    secretary of a certain great king," who had been tuld by rhe n unciu
    that Kell y's speech had S<l enragecl the nunciu that he 11:as tempreJ tu_ h,ne h,,J
    him rhmwn out of the ,,inJLlW. There was >Om.::thmg ot a trad it ion ot J,,l',l,ll1d
    of people by defenestrati,H1 in Prague. The church authurities had he.1rJ " I t he
    volumes uf >piritual recurds, and later endeavoreJ to get Kdly tn pmJu-:e rhe111,
    wirhhokling confes:. inn ft'<1111 h im when he rduseJ. On April 10 Dee ..1 nJ Kd h
    n:ceived a spiritual insrructi,m tLl burn their entire records, and De..: rec.,rJ , d"
    l\lYSTIC.-\ L t-. !H:\L 1...!F Gl1L()
    <l f the hurning, , l,111e 111 lhl' prl.' oo.: nco.: ,,1 Pucci, 111 mo.:ncuk1uo . .111Ll
    kngthy , kraiiY lJn .-\pnl lO tho.: ro.:C<lr-lo wo.:ro.: miraculuu, ly ro.:, l<l ro.:Ll, .m ept>uJ e
    rec,,t ,lecl in , imd.1r , b ail (TFR, 11 t:i- 19).
    tvbunl' hile l\.:o.: ;m,l Kdl y fuuncl .1 ne\\" p. m.m anclpr<l [O.:L[<Ir, Vil0m R.l: mb-
    o.: rk, llr Willi.un, Lurd R,l,o.:nlerg, ru gi\'\: rho.: Gcrmantc oi hi, namo.: rhar
    De..: go.:no.:ra!lr (TFU, 120). Rn:mbo.:rk, hurn ll fty-. me y..:ar, o.:.Jrlio.:r in 1535,
    \\"<h ho.:.J,l ot 111 rho.: muor pm..: t.ul Buho.:mian familieo. He wa, among Rud,llt's
    cl<l>I.'M a"UCiaH!>, ancl haLl carrio.:J rhe cnJwn at Ru,(,llt\ Cllrunati<>n in 1575.
    ll o.: rho.: >eniur Boh..:mi.m uflicial, rho.: burgra\c, rhc: righr hancl man uf rho.:
    m.march in B,lhemi:m affair,. Ro:mho.:rk wao sc.::un,( ,mly w Rucl,llt" ,., a pat run
    ,1! .dch..:miob, o.:mpl<Jying ado.:l'b both at his n.:, iJcnco.:, which a,lj,>ineJ RuJult's
    1111 the: Hracbchin in Praguo.:, and in hb ..:xro.:n>i\"1.! O.:>Wto.:, in ><lllthern Buhc:mia
    i(rumluv. He particlpar..:d in a number llt >pirirual
    Do.:e ;mLI Kdl y, Cllnoulr mg lll1, am11ng mho.:r maHo.:r>, hio aopirariut1> rn rhe
    1,1l1oh rlH ll11.! ;m,l lllo pbn, tl nhiiT)" again. Hb brorher, Po.:rer Vuk Rn:mh..:rk
    .1 l, u h.1J <l lcho.: mic;ll inro.:ro;:,r,.''
    .. Bui the Catlhlllc \l ppu, iri<H1 [<l Do.:c: <111Ll Kd ly cmunued. Th..: 11<..:\\" nunc1u,
    hhpp<l Bt, hop 11! Piacen:a, ro.:pllrt<.:-l <m :\pnl 29 thar Do.:...: ,mJ Kelly were
    imp,lrranr and dang...:rou, "GiclVanni Dii et il Zuppo ;u,l C<>mp.lgno
    ><111u 111 quc, ra C<lrre hu,m p...::u f.1 , o.:r \"<111111> a caminu di far,i auturi J 'una nul)va
    , up...:rsti ri uno.:, po.:r n,1n dire ho.: 1...:sia , ><111<1 nuri all'impo.:rarure er a rurr.1 la Cllrtc."
    ("j,lhn Dl.'c ;mJ his <:uinpaniun the lam..: one were ar rhis C<Hirt a g"\JJ while
    .1go, <111LI are on rh<!. way h> being rho.: aurhurs uf a no.:w supo.: r,rition, nor w say
    hc:ro;:,y, ;md kn<l\1'11 111 the Empo.:r,lr ancl <Ill ut
    Thi, i, ,mly rct...: rcnce [ll Kdl y', being Lime, alrhough on t-.!ay 2 3, 1587,
    :1 >PII"H ,;ly, "((dly, I kn,w it '' tmuhl..:,ume fur thee m kn..:d. Sir."'; Whether
    1 \\\ 1.' a perm.mc:nr 11r ro.: mp,lrary CllnJiriun, ur wher her Sega 1\".1> \\' ri ling mo.: t.1-
    ph<li"1Call y <111cl C<li1Lemptuou, ly, is undc:ar.
    . }..tar 29. 1 586, , uccumbing tu cumbin..:-1 pr..:,,ure from rho.: pap.d nund,1,
    111, preclo.:c..:ss, Jr .mJ the: High Sreward ut Boho.:mi.1, Gcnrgc
    (Ju1) p,1pd Lubkm1c, Ru,\,111 cxpdlo.:J Dec, Ko.:ll y, anJ rhc1r h,>ll><.: huiJ, !rum
    the empire "n rho.: grnunds uf n..:crnman.:y.'" They srayc:J lirsr in E1fun, bur since
    the: ,..;nar,Jr, r...:fuso.:d ro l_c r rh...: m l...:d, C a huu>e then;:, rhcy muvecl on w Ka, d,
    ll"h...: ro.: rho.: L.mJ_grave 111 Hc,:,c- Ka,d haLl his cuurr.
    1
    i Pucci auo.: mprcJ w pcr-
    oua,le. Lhl! m Ill rh..: nunciu's re,tuo.:sr rhar they , houlJ go ro R11mc r,\ be
    .. They >uspo.:cring a_ trap from which they mighr nut escape
    .mJ, >L1, p1Lillus <lt Pucc1 mle, hL'ncd unh began tu Jiotanc..: them,dves fmm
    htm. On A. ugu, r 8 rd o.:n1 o.:d, ancl alluwcJ rh..:m tu return tu the Buhemian
    l'St;Ho.:> and ruwns ul C,lutH Vil ..!m R,1:mberk. Do.:e and Kdly arrivo.:LI at T rdxm
    (als,
    1
    kn<l\l'n '" Wirringau) 111 "luthcrn Buho.: mia un So.:prc:mb..:r 14 1586 (PD
    21; Fo.:nt<ltl, 203; TFH , Hi). , '
    . They , ..;Lrlcd there fur thL' ncxr twu y..:. u,, rh.1ugh De...:', diary ro.:c1lrJ, that
    Kcl ly made ;I number ,11 rrips Ill P,Jbnd, tu Lin:, w Reichcnotein in Silo.:sia
    ( whl.' re R,1_:mherk had l.lhdrarurio.:> in d1e Ct>rlo.:), <1 BuJweb BuJej 1wict:
    t<> g11"C 11 trs C:cch n;unc. 2-f kil,>mo.: rre> wcsr uf Treb,m) anJ [ll Prague. They
    1 '/
    ,,,_c: i\ o.:,l .1 number uf \i,ltur, in Trt: hun, 1nduding L.1, ki un .1 numh.:r <>I .......... .
    >llll1>, Pucci, Chrbrian Fmnd.cn, ;md variuu, emb,aric' trll111 Engl.mJ. ':
    On December 19, 1586, Dco.:'s Jiary r..:c,lrds Kdly g1ving a clcnllHbll".llll
    ,,r guld proLlucri <m. lr is rho.: hr>r accnunr oi hi, engaging in an .d.:h...:nu ..... l
    tr.Jibmuration. "F,lr rhc: grauricari,m lli !vir EdwMcl G.ulanJ and
    brurher, which EJward wa, >enr w me a, m..:s, cnger In H11 rhc Empo.:mr ,lt" t-- lu,..:u\'
    dur I sh<luiJ Cll1111.' m him, E. K. maJe prujecri,m w1 rh hb pl)wJcr 111 th.:
    pr<>p,lni,m of one minun (up<m an ounce anJ a qu<mo.:r of mc:rcur)) anJ
    no.:.1rly an uuncc: uf bcsr g>IJ; which golJ was J brnbuti.'J tr,Hn the
    cruc ible anJ une pan wa' gi ven t<l EdwarLI Garland.";y
    In larer year, D..:e', son Arrhur ,1fro.:n Ll iJ po.:<l pl.: abnur the . .l
    tr.m, mutarions he haJ ob,crvcJ ar rh1o rime: . One <lt rhe pe<>pl...: he !L>IJ ::>1r
    Th,lmas Bruwne, his nc:ighb,lr in Norwi..:h, and in 1671 Br,l\l'nc >ClH an ,IC<.:<lunt
    ut Arrhur' s rcclllle..:[luth t11 Aohmnle:
    Or .-\rrhur De.: \\'d> .1 Y<lll llg m.111 when h..: >01 \\ pr<J<:Cll <'ll m.dL 111
    &lhemia, hut he: w.l, ,u mllu.:nco.:J rho.:rcwirh rh.1t he tdl c,1rl) up<ll1 rh.t
    oruJ y anJ ro.:aJ nnr much all hi, li t..: bur buob uf th.1r ,ubjo.:Cr.
    I have hearJ the J ,>Ctllr ,,1y rhar he lhl'cl in Blli1cm1.1 w11h l11'
    farho.:r b,1rh ar Prague <111J urhcr parrs of &lhemia. That Pnn..:...: <lr Cuum
    Ro:mherk W<b tho.:ir grear patr1111 whu J o.: bghto.:J much in alchemy. I h..11"e
    often heard hun athrrn anJ ><llnl!fime' wirh llarh, rh,n he h.d ,._.en rho.:
    projc:criun maJ.: an,! rransrnm.Jri,m uf pl!\1 rer J1,hc, .md tlag,ltb mrll
    silver whic:h rhe gokbmiths ar Prague buught ,>f them. AnJ that Cuunr
    Ru:mhc:rk played ar qu,Jirs wnh silver quuib m.tde by pr<1jecilln "' be-
    fi.lre: that rh1, rmn>rnuwt iun wao maJc: by a .mall pllWcil' r rhey h.1J whh:h
    was founJ in ,ume nlJ pl.Kc anJ a b<>uk lying by ir cunr.1ining ncHhin,;
    bur hknlglyphic, whiCh bollk hb father be>l<lwed much time up.m, hur
    I cuulJ nor h..:ar rhar he C<lukl m..1ke it <lLIL<>J
    In Apri l, 1587, Kdly <111t11HIIlCCd rha r he \1 ,1, LIIHI"i ll mg ru ,..: ry any (, 111go.: r. D...:c
    JtcmpreJ <> rdin hi. >el'...:n-y.::ar-ulJ ,nn, Arrhur, <b a rncJium, bur Arrhur >.111
    lirrle uf signihcanc.::. Kdly Joined rho.: m in une uf rhe>l! anempb, April 17.
    and ,aid,
    l marvd if y,JuluJ n11 <1ppa ntllln hl're, f,lr I ><lll11.'\\'l1.1t rhmking 111 .-\nhu1
    anJ his pro.:ceJing in the fear nf ,crymg, came here inro the gallo.: r), anJ
    I hcarJ yl)u pray. AnJ opening the winJnw I lnnko.:d <>LI .mJ I ,,Ill .1
    great numbo.: r glling in anJ our uf rhb ch.1pd ,1[ the lmlo.: hul..: 111 rho.:
    glas, winJ,nv. I , aw MaJini , ll and many 11thcrs rhar hacl , b ilr wnh u,
    hc:r.::wti.ue, bur rhey , huweJ rhcm, d ve, in very t1lrhy llrder. AnJ Und
    appeared and justilicJ all w be oi G,1,!, and gl><hl. AnJ rherd<\re I w,mJcr
    if here you have no ; h,Jw. P.::rhaps there is ,omerhing, bur Arrhur J,l<.:>
    11L1 , cc it (TFR, 2nJ p.1gmari11n, 8).
    l(dly rhcn r...:co.:i\..:,1 .1 . piriru.1l mc,;lge that he anJ De..: were t<> h,1IJ rh...:1r 11 1\ "'
    in C<>mtnun (TFR, 2ncl p.1ginarh1n, 11- 12). Thl' Wll'e> were uncnrhu>i.t>l k , ,11,J
    50 t-. 1\ STlC.-\ L 1-. lET.-\L L)F COLD
    Kd ly ,1 lllllll h.: r nf fu nh.:r Clllbuh,Hilllb wi th :. pirit:. . .A:. hllllll<.: 11 rite:. thJ t
    rh.: ang..:b w..:re :.ll '\la:.w:.reJ " with Kdly':. '"VIcil)liS cnur:...: of life" that rh.:y
    " w,lltkl hun frum that unpluymc.> nt"-rhar i:., :.crying-bur this intt: r-
    pr..:tJtlon j, nm horn.: <l Ut by rhe spi ritual r..:.::.lrcls. Kdly had tr..:q uenrly J e:.ired
    t<l ..:ea:..: :.crying, anJ Ill)\\' mKe uga in pmpus.:J to enJ rhb a.:: ri viry. Ashmul.:
    als<l wrure that '"Kdly p..:rc..:ivmg rhH h..: shuuiJ b.: whully :...:r a:.ick and becmne
    usd..::.s in matt..:r ut scrying, he in:.inuates himsdf imu their .::ompuny one Jay
    whik th..:y w..:re at ..:xercise, and Anhur waiting fur a vision, Kdly pretended
    to :.e<.: :.<Hil<.:thing, <lf wh ich he rhere gives an a..:counr: anJ by this cunning
    amtic..:, that cldu:.ive and impur..: docrrint: tLlUk ph!c..:, frum wh..:nc.: Dr Dee and
    Kdly w..:ro.: inJuco.:J t<l mix with each urhers' wiv6 ."
    01
    Bur the edd.:nce of rhe
    spiritual re..:<lrd:. i:. that Dee was cager Kdly ro h.:lp in t raining Anhur, whu
    W<b 11<\ t prnving a >ucc..:,sful s..:l:r, anJ onl y ruu ready ro havl! Kclly resumt'
    :.cry m g.
    Th.: cr<l:.s-marching" :.e.:n1> t< l hd\"t: rak<.:n plciC<:: nn May 22 , 1587, bur was
    11<1r rc:: pc:. llecl."! .The td lowing d;,y rh.: la, r knuwn :. piritual con:. ultutillns D<!l!
    and Kdl y hdd tng<!ther arl! recorJc:d. Y l!ar:. br..:r, in EngbnJ, Dee was w
    <!:>.p..: rim.:nt wi th other :.crycr, . Bur this i, thl! last knll\vn con:.ulrariun through
    the 11\l!cllllm nf Kdly.
    Fifty- rhrc:..: y..: ar:. L1r..:r .Arrhur D.:..: ga,..: one ,1i the cry:. t,l l> h is tarh<! r anJ
    1\:dl y ha,l u,.:J tu the: Nichnlds C ulpep..: r ''.:. n reward fm having
    curo.: J a li\.:r c0mplainr uf his wit h rh<! grear.:sr rapidity, A. D. 1640 ." According
    ru C ulp<! p<.: r thi, was rh.: crystal rhar had b..:en given tll De.: by an angd in 1582,
    which D.:.: g.1ve to Kdl y, whu gave it tll L<1rJ Ru:mberk bur then retrieved it.
    C ulpt:p<.: r rt:CllrJ:., "I have uso.:J this crysral in many ways and ha,.: thus
    .::ur<.: d illn..:s>t::., bur with irs u:.e a ,ery gr<!at weaknes, always :.et> in and lethargy
    <lt th<.: bl1J y. And furt h<!r a Certain appariri,1n which ex.:rcbeJ irselt
    tu k wJne:.:. anJ llther J<!pravity with wnmen and girb , U>ed to tempt me, bur
    by making rh.: sign of the cros, anJ >p<!aking rhese words, "Pah Adonai, by thy
    >tr..: ngrh am I funiti ed. Phlmh! Phurrh! Haricnr! Gambalun!" the apparition
    us.:cl tll tly ><llln l\r in:. ranrly, with no ise and evil :.mdl. Fo r the,..: obsceni ties I
    gi,en up the use ni rh..: and ro witness th..:s.: thing:. I hav.: written
    them <111 rh b >h.:et o n rh..: 7rh day ot March in the year 1651."
    Willinm Lill y bo ught th<! crysral trom Culp.:per's widow and tri.:J his llWn
    exp..:rim.:nr:. <111 it with Elia:. .Ashmul<!. They conjur<!d up '' a fl!IIJ.IIl! devil lewd
    and llllllb t n l u:.," h<! rec,1rds, Februury 10, 1658. Th.: crystal b llll\\' in the Well-
    co m.: Cl)lb .: tll)J) in the Science 1-.lus<!um, Suuth Ken:. ingron."J
    Th.: .:xd 1Jnge ut partn<'rs resulted in t<!nsiuns between the twu huu:..:hllld,,
    al lu,lo.:cl tu in De<!' s Jiary . .And then lln February 28 , 1588, nine months after
    rh.: cro,- matching, ]Jn.: D<!e ga,c birth m a buy, who was bapri:eJ th<! full uwing
    J ay , <lnd nam..:J Th.:ld <>niS Tr..:bunianus D.:c:. Theodmu, Trdl,m tanus, the gift
    of Gl1J at Trcbon (PO, 26; Fentun, 233). Was th b D.:c:'s chdJ or Kdly's? DiJ
    anynne t:: \..: r kn,)\\' fm sure? The questinn is ne\er rabed in the d iary let
    answer.:d. C,>uld Kdly hav.: children anyway? In the spiritual rransacti uns of
    April 4, 1587, Kdly was told ut his m<J rriag<!, dwdb with you,"
    whi ch C< ltdJ he int<! rpr.:r.:J as meaning Kdly was sterile.
    ) I
    .-\pnll u, D.:e r..:.::,lr .. b m h i, , lt .try ( PD. 27; F.:n tlln, 2H). "I \\ nt t. 1-. lr f:.J
    " '11\ anJ t<l Mistr<.: 1\:d ly tll'll chdrirabl.: l.: rrer,, requmng .u rh..:ir h,mJ, muru ..d
    ." Apri l I2, "1-.ly wit".: church.:J, and we r<.: CCI\..:,1 t he cummumun. "
    Th.:, .J,ma, Treboni.mus was e\'iJ ..: ntly b.:mg tr.:ar..:d Ll> D..:e', dulJ . .AnJ >liKe
    t!.c 10ur uf rhem had vuwcd w tell nubo-ly >f rh.: cpi:.,ll.ie, \\ hy wuulJ ;myunc:
    ,u,p<.:ct urh.:rwisc? It i:. nnly D.:e's :.piritual ro.:.::ord, that break th<! \'ll\V of ,e.::req;
    J nJ Ca,aubon 's tran,.::ripti un uf them, tollllweJ by lat.: r comm..:nrmor,. O n 1-.!Jy
    22, 1588, Dee r<! cord, , "Mistr<!SS Kclly r.:ceived rh.: :.<lcr.un..: nr , and tll me and
    my wtfe gave h.:r hanJ in ..: harity; anJ w.: ru,hc:d llllt frlJill ha " ( PO ._ 27;
    F.:nwn, 235, r..:aJ :. "and we wi, h<!d wdl tll h.:r") . l t W<b rh.: annivcr,ary ut rhc
    r0:.>march ing.
    On June 13, 1588, Fr.mcb Carl.mJ arri\..:,lt n T reb, m with EJ muncl C,l,lpcr,
    1\\r,. Kdly's bmth<! r ( PO, 28; Fentun, 235). HaJ C,klper Cllllll! t> hd p re,.lke
    the: ten>i0n>, o r tu e>O.:llrt his >ister hack t,1 England? O n Ocwber 17, D.:.:', di,lr\
    r<.:c,JrJ s, Kdly anJ t he r<:>t rllde rnwarJ Punch.m z in rh.: nlllrni ng"
    (PO, 29; Fenwn, 237, reads " Mi:. rr..:ss Kdly anJ rh.: rl!:. t rlxle tl>ward Prachan..:..:
    rhe marriage"). lt is rhe lasr menric1n ,>f hc: r in any of D.:.:':. record,. Bur
    11 h.:: rhcr :.ho.: now left ior England, o r Pragut: , i> unknllWn.
    Passages of t hree k rters written by Kdly Junng rh i, p.:n.xl (J une 20 .md
    .-\ugusr 9, 158 7, anJ N uvcmb.:r 15, 1589 ) survhe.M They cbtl war h alchemy,
    bur it is nor l..nuwn to wllLllll they w.:re adJre>oeJ . Th<! ak hemicul a..:rivttle>
    c,mrinucJ. To ,,hat degree Kdly anJ De.: we re Wll rkmg >epararo.:ly Jr tuger h..: r
    n>W b unclear. Th..:r.: wa:. cerrainly >01l1e cnnper<Hilm. Sepr.:mb.:r 2t:l , 158 7, De:<:
    r..: co rdcd, "I dd ivert: cl to Mr Ed. Kdly, {l!.trn<!stl y requinng it a, h t, p.m) the
    half of all t he animal which was made. lr b tu \\'t: tgh [Fl!nt.m, " tu wit"] 20
    uunc..:s: he weighed it himself in my chamber. He bc1ught [Fen wn: " bruughr"J
    his weight> purpu:.ely it. My LurJ hdJ >Jl llk.:n tll m.: bo.:ture for >LHlle, but l\ lr
    Kdly had n0t :.pc>ken" ( PO, H; Fenr0 n, 230). F.:n run n0te> the inclu:.llll1 lll
    th<! symbol fur mercury bd ur.: "animal."
    O n December I2 , 158 7 there was >ne: ut thl>e .Kcid.:nr, th<lf ;tkh<! mi-:Jl
    .:xp.:: rimenrc: rs ofr.:: n suffered. "Att.:r nuon , ,Hnc: wh.lt , Mr Ed. Kd ly ht> ldmp
    ,werrhruw "uverrhrew"). the sptri r llf win.: kmg [F..: nton: " being"[ :. p..: nr
    r0u near, and the gla:.s being n<>t stay.:J wHh bllllks [Fenrun: " bricb " l ab,>ut If,
    dS ir was wonr [F.:nron: "m<!unr" l tu be; and the ,am<! gla>:. :.o fl itti ng Lll1 <llh:
    , ide, the >pirir was spilled nut , and burnt all thlt wa, un t he t able wh.:r.: 1t
    , tooJ, linen and wrin..: n boub - as rhe book oi Zacharia:. with th<! alkan. 1r
    [Fen ron: "ar han>r"l that I translated llUt of French for >Olllc: by >ptrit u.d
    nor [F.:nrun: "fur him by spiritual cummanJmenr' '[; Ruwlaschy hts third h""k
    of wacer> phih1:.uphical; the book called Angdicwn Opti.S , all in p1cwr..:, , d1<:
    wurk fmm the b.:ginning tu rh.:: cnJ; the copy uf rhc: man >f BuJ w.:b', C, mdu-
    silms for t he T ransmuratiun [Fen tun ha:. the: >ymbol fur mercury, not "T r.Hblllll-
    wrinn"] of m<!tdls; anJ 40 leaves in q uarw , .:: nritleJ Excracciones Owm,mi . 1d 1t. ..L
    he himself extracted anJ 11l)tc:J out of Duns ran hb b,>uk, anJ the very b, >l >k .,r
    Dunsran was bur cast o n the b.:d ha rd by frlH11 rh..: cable" ( PO, 25; n ,
    23 1- 2}."
    5
    lt ll.h lh>t .dl ll'llil .m,lt.:lbi->n. J.mu.u-y 13, 1588, D.:.: rt:O.:drcl.:cl, ":\r ,]inner
    1111\\.: l\ lr EJ11.uJ 1\:.:11\ >t: nt hi. hr,Hher, 1\lrTh. K. hl mt' II'Hh rhe,c ll,,rJ,, 't-.ly
    brother ><I )'> rhm \'<' ll >tudy "' much, ancl rher.:f,>re, >ecing it i> tll<l late ro gu
    wday tc> l\:rumlu1, he 11 i>h.:, \ uu t<l o.:ume t<l pa>> d1e rime With him at play. I
    wenr alter dinner and played, he ;m,l I aga uhr l\ lr F. G,1r.: [Ft'l1llll1: "Gar!JnJ"I
    anJ l\ lr. Rub [Fenrun: " Rnhert G.trlanJ") rill >Upper rime, in hi, dining roum:
    .mJ afrer >Uf>per he c.1m.: and the uth.:r,, and 11.: playt!J th..: rt' tll'<l or thrt!e
    h,,ur,, anJ fri en, lly cl..:parr..:J . Thi> 11'<1S then after rhe gr..:.ar and w,md..:rful un-
    l..inclnt'>> u,..:J tLlll'arJ me in taki ng [F.:nt,111: ''b..:.tting"l my man" (PO, 25-6;
    Fenron, 232-3).
    The alcht: mlo.:al <1Ct ivirie> O.:<mti nued thr,,ugh 1588. F..:bru.1ry o, "tdr. E. 1\:.
    .u 111ne ut" rhe cluck after n<l<ll1 >t'nt f,,r me tu ht, labui<ttury m..:r rh..: gJt..: w
    h,lll' he >O.:: ric,,n, ao.: <:Llrcling as in rim..:: past and ,,f lat..:: ht! h..::ard of
    m..: out ,,f Ripl..:y." 24, "1\ l r. 1\: . pur rh..: gl. bs in Jung." M,ty 10, "E. K.
    ,li d <>p..:n the gre,ll >ecr..:r t<l nll:, l),,d b..:: th,mk..:J! " Augmr 24, (in Latin) "I
    rh..:: divine 11 .n..: r, by rh..:: Jemlll1>trJri,m of rh..:: magnitic..:nr mastt!r anJ my
    fri..:nJ l\ lr EJ 1-.:clly, b..:f,,re midd,ty: in rh..: >P<Ke nf rhrt"e hour,."
    D..:<....: mh..:r 7, (in Gr.:..:k charao.:r,:r,) "Grt';H fri cnJ, hip pr<lmised fur 111<1110.::)' anJ
    Ill''' uutK..::s ,,f the thing." Dec..:rnher 18, "l\ lr Edw.ud Kdly gav..: me rh..: 11arcr,
    nh:rcury, all 30 ,,:.Wate-r, eanh and all " (PD. 26-30; F.: nrnn, 233-7).
    In Nul't!lllbt:r 1587 Francis Garland haJ bruughr a lettt'r tix Oo..!t! frum
    EJw.trJ Dyer in England (PO, 2t; F..:ntlll1, 23 1). The cuurrier poet EJward
    Dyer, knighr..:d in 1596 but at rhi> rime sti ll pbin Mr. Dyl!r, had >tuod as
    g ,Jfarher tll Arthur De..: in 15 79. He hacl studied alchemy under Ot!e with
    Philip Si,lney.
    00
    I le ha,l reratned hi s inter<.:> in the subjl!cr, anJ in rhe mid
    1570, he had a ay..:cl for Wabi ngham a sample uf rhe <J rt' Frobi>h..:r haJ bruughr
    b.1ck from Nurth America, hdieving it was guld. Dyer had ck:mllnsrrated rhar
    it ll'as nllr. In Europ..: in 1588, Sa1gl!nr \\Tires, "h.: o.:uuiJ nut r..:si>t the temptation
    tll Cllntinue j<lurn..:y .md inn:srigate the bbours of Kelly in per-
    sun.""' W,t> it >imp!..: remprat iun, or was he under insrructilll1> frum Elizabeth,
    ur Burghky, or Walsingham? He arri \ed in Prague, paid an official to the
    Empl!ror Rucl.llf, and then came m Trebon on July 20. Two Jays later Dee
    r<.:<..<HJ s, in a mi xture uf Latin, English, anJ Greck chamcrer>, rhat "Dyer diJ
    injure me unkindly," hur thc folluwing day reconci liation wa> efft:cred by the
    mecliar iun ,,f Kell y. Dyer kfr on August 9 (PO, 27-8; Fenron, 235- 6).
    In N<I\Tmher 1588 Dec 11rure tll Qu..:.:n Eli:abeth, C<mgratularing ht!r <li1
    rh..: Engli,h 1icwry ,wer rhe Spanish annacb , and prumi, ing to r<.!t urn. H..: \\Tilt'S
    nt "finding nur dury cnncurr..:: nr wirh a secr..:r beck of rhe said
    La,ly OpplHTuniry, nllll' t<l embrace, ancl enjoy, your mnsr excd lenr
    l'<l)' al t-.laje,ry', high anJ gracious great clt! mency, of calling me, Mr
    1-.:dly, and <lur hum<.!, inr" y,,ur c:arrhly and monarchy
    inc,lmpamhle. """ Was Eli:aberh summoning th..: m back so rhar their alch..:mical
    expo..!rim..:nls C<luiJ pruce..:d in En:;lancl, anJ the Engli, h wftt" rs?
    GMI.md repun..:J rh.: akht!mio.:al tr.msmutat iun he had nb,erved un hi, previuus
    vbir ? 1-bd Dyer bec:n ><=nt ,m a missi,m?
    'l
    L),..: .mJ ht> f.unih ldr Tr.:b,m <111 l\!Jrch 11, 1 )b9. Un .-\1nl I '
    1
    d .. )
    r, '' h..:cl Bro..!lllen wh..: r..: they >f,l\ e,l f,,r >t:l'l.!n llll>nt h, b..:f,lr<.: Jq' .<rt 111,_: 1r .. i11
    m Nov..:mber 19, tinJIIy .r rnving b.tck in Engl.mJ <lll N,11 ..:mher 22. I S:J-1
    lPD. 30-2; FentLH1, 239-46). D..:..: gi1e, Jn aCC<lllnt ,J( rh1, return m 1 .. >
    .
    Kelly r..:mainl!J in Buhem1.1. Whtk under rhe p.rtr,n1.rge I 1\.,onl..:rl.. , 1-.:dt,
    I,.,J begun working with ><l me ,,f Rudulf, alch..:mic,JI proJ<.:L.I>. 11 . I> "
    .:nrlHJ>ia>tic an alcho..!mic.tl ..:xperim..:nr..: r .1> Rll:mb..:rl... R. J. W. E1 Jll> ufl:, '
    lcH.:r from rh..: Empa,,r tll Rll:mherk, d.neJ Ocruher 27. bur'' 1th no \t:.lr :,: r,en.
    11 hich '' reque>ts-in friencll y rerms-rhar he r..:mp.lr.u dy rcle ... ecl
    fr11m hi> ,ervio.:e rh.:re ro C<ll1l<.: ro Pr.tgu.: anJ >llp.:rn,..: ,1 grt'Jt .rkhemtc.d
    11 h
    1
    ch is in prngrt:. RuJ,J]f will nor cl..:t.lin huu (\nil in nlt !anger .turh .tlten,
    .tb t!r sdbst b.:gcrn wire!'), bur rhe operati<m is a d1fhcuh un..: 11 htch e:o.p..:rr
    'da, dar:u mangdr, dcr mc:rcunu> ,.,lt,, an dem d1.:
    ni t b n v..: rt'crtigr wcrJ..:n, hair derhalb..:n fur gu.:r cla, , lt! r EJu.trd dcr,db,r hteh.:r
    l..hamb, J i>t!m mangl..: n :u hdffen.' n;u
    Kelly g.linl!d the Emper,lr RuJ11lt\ f.t l'<>r, wa, accepr..:J .1 Cl[t:cn " '
    Buhemia, and granr..:d a patenr ,lf lmpenal 11<lhdHy, ..:quire, aurari. I le bco.:Jm..:
    Str Edward Kdly. 0<.!..: \IT<ll<.: to W.rbmgh.nn un :\ugu>t 20, 151:>9, rh.1r !\:ell)
    was "now in most favuurable mJnner created .1 B.tr<Hl llf the l..mgJ,Hn llf
    mia; with th.: grant uf a Ctl.lt ,l Mill>: a, I ha1..: >een in a IMg..: >eal, h..:mg .1 lt, m
    r.nnpanr with [rhc li un ,If EnglanJI in a horJure, wl[h the yo..!ar <ll1 the ,..:.d, 1 1:
    I 573, and a mnrrn mund ir.";' AcCtlrdi ng to rh..: Kdl\ claim..:J reLHtlln-
    hip to the and cnt Irish t1llhiliry: "EdwJrd Kdly, bllrn an Engli,hman, ,,f rh,
    knighrly ki n and h,1usc called l mamyi in rhe O.:<lunty ,,f Cun.tglhtku 111 rh.:
    kingdom of lrdJnJ. n): T hb claim ha> g..: n..:r<tlly b..:cn dt>CllUnreJ <I> a f.tbno.:.ll hJI)
    by Kelly. Bur drawing <m the geneal,lgical Cllmpi lati<H1, An 1\ liwnh-
    ll.?ach, Liam Mac C:Jil ha, rhat rhe>l! genealngle> "make the Ui Ch..:.t!Lugh
    (O'Kdly, Kdly) dc,o.:endanr> of 1\ Ltine. The Ui M ha me (Hy-1\ lany, I many) hdJ
    territllry in Connaught , m,Jre prc:ci>dy in l.!<l>t Galway and >tlUth R<.l>Cumlll<ln. h
    ll'lluld have bt!en quite nLJrmal ancl proper, rhcrdnrl!--orrhugraphy anJ
    <.t >idt!-for >Ollleone called Kelly ro say th.lt he was uf the nuble ' hnu>e <li lm.llll) 1
    in the county " f Conneghaku' ,md unly a little ..:xhihmnnl>tic. "i
    1
    The Bohemian ..: nnublt!menr uccurr..:d snme run..: afr.:r Dee', Jcp.rnur..: h11
    hefurt! the enJ ,,f Jun.:, 1589. R<l:mherk is >aiJ to have gtven Kdly tl\',, ri Ll,
    with their vi ll.tgl!> n..:ar JII,ll'e- Li berio.:..: .mJ N,,d Lib..:n.: Vl.tJ imir 1\:.trr.:nl.. ..
    writ.:s thar while at T rd1,111, Kdly "recdved Llt purch.t>t:cl <lilt: smJII CJ>rle, nmc
    vtllages, and two h<l ll >l!S in Pr.tgul!.";;
    In June 1589 Kclly wr<lll.! ru L,,rd Burgh Icy .th, llll .llleg..:,lll' e.J'llll hy
    ph er Parkino. The Briri,h Library preserves Kdly'> let ter (I\ IS Lm,,!-111 ne o l.
    64)io ancl a kuer frum De..: lll1 rhe >.lllle tllpil: (t-.IS Lm,dnwne 6 1 .ur. 5:J,
    ful. 159).
    Kelly reporr..:d "ThJt f,,un..:..: n day, he fur..: the t'..: ,r,r ,,f Pc:nrcCll>L I,, , , tl .. ti
    <ll1t! Parkin>, burn in Engl.mJ an,) now .1 J..:>uil c,tme fmm R,lllle t> th..: " '
    Prague in B,lh..:mia. And rh..:: rl! C<Hning ll1tLl an inn, whert! the ,,uJ ::-i1r E. K
    5-1 1\ IYSTll:.-\L 1\I ET.-\ L UF l)l)Ll )
    wa:. , ancl un .:ring chv.:r:. n, ,ldn.::., anllmg cHh.:r:. h..: pLunl) (but a:. 1t \\ c:r..: m
    gr..:at ,..:cr..:q) up.:n..:cl hl rh.:: sa icl Sir E. K. thb h,>rrihle Clll1>pir<ILY again:. r
    h..:r l\ laje:.ry:
    I . T h,tr th..:re 11<:re nu11' :...:1..: n :.u..: h way:. , ,r 111..:an:., anJ
    agr..:.:cl upun by rh.: Polpe and h 1> cunieJ ..: rat..::., fo r rh..: murcleri ng ut the
    Q uc:..: n , th,a if rho:: first , :...:cllnJ, t hird, fuunh ancl fifth fai ld , yet \\'ere
    rh..: [pl, ,r:.[ ..: re. in , u,:h s11rt tLl be ex..: ..: ur..:J , rhar rho:: :. ixrh or Sl!\'t.:IHh
    sh,n!ld rake ..:ff..:..: r: y..::., ii all rh..: ckvib in hdlth..:reunr,, say nay.
    2. AnJ funh..:r Parki ns J..:dar..:J, that rhuse way:. ancl means were
    hy him anJ h is culw renr:. m be ..:xe..:ur..:J aga in:. t h..:r Majesty's own
    p..: r:.Llll, f, ,r the p..:lfnn nan..:..: whc.:re,lf h..: d..:dar..:d abu, rhar he wuuld
    f,>nhwi rh gn inrn England hy the.: way oi Dan:ig. And :.11 irom rhc.:n..:e,
    in the hahir ,Ji a m..:n: hanr, inr11 England.
    3. That wh..:n the saicl Sir E. K. d..:clarc.: J rh..: :.ame :. rrang..: n..:ws t11
    the: Lm,l R>: mberk, Vi..:eruy ni Bohemia, rh..: said R1>: mberk rolJ Sir
    EJw.1 rJ rh..1r rhe :.Ji, l Parkim was rho:: right hand, or chief man ro rh..:
    K mg nf Spa in anJ rh-: Pup.:, in all rhc.: ir rreach..: rou, enterprise, 3gain, r
    England.
    4. At d1..: :.J I1h! Dme anJ ilb tanr rh..: >JiJ R,l:mherk , huwed unw
    ::i ir E. K. a l..:n..:r, wrirr.:n by uno.: 11i rh.: chief ,Ji rhe , rarc:s nf rhe Low
    C,luntric:s wirh the Emperur, rc:questing the Emp..:ror t11 b..: a means ro
    rake up th..: mart..:r h..:rw..:..:n rhc:m and the Kmg Ill Spain. And al:.o
    requesting rh1s Emp..:ror ro >end them >ome aid to hd p them away with
    the English rh,1 r wer..: in thm..: pr1win..:es.
    5. That t h..: >aiJ Sir EJward, at his f,uthful di:.clu:.ing rhn:.e things
    (rhu, by Ji vine prLwi.Jen..:e come tll his knuwl..:dge) t11 rh..: , e sub,cribed
    genrkm..:n, Jid funhermnre much marvd and w,mJcr, h11w it wa, possi-
    bl..: that thl.! uf the Low Countries, Jwdling in England, would
    or ..:oulJ lend and >end unru rhe Emperor or Ki ng of Spain a million of
    gGIJ ar any rime 11r rimes, ru his m their which he of his certain
    knuwledge assur..:J tu be done. BLI[ he wdl hop..:d, Lhm the treason
    therein by this rime 11as Cllm..: tu rhe knowledge of >0111<! 11f her 1\laj..:sry's
    mo>r h, li111UWble pri1y council.
    We Rnben Ta n un and Gemg..: Leic..:,rer, gentlemen, do witness
    th..: , e articles anJ rh..: effect of every pan of them ro have b..:en dedared
    unr,, us, and Ed mond Hi lron, ,en ant to the right II'L1r:.hipful John Dee,
    E, LJ , by t he within named Sir E. K. at our being with him at T rebon in
    Btlhemia in th..: end nf June last, 1589.
    LeiLL'>L<.:r w.1s pre,um<l hly rh..: G..:,Jrg..: LL'i..:..::. rer who wa> ,,f h..: r Maje:.-
    t y', in rh..: Luw
    Parkins wr11te tJ 1--b y 12, 1590, ..: umpL1ining ab, >ut rhe trouble
    J..: ..: lly' s rep,lrr cau:...:d him. "H ighr hnn,Jrabl..: Sir, it has been >tHne cnmfnn unw
    m.: tt l unJ..: r:. wnd by yuur lt:rter, that my t rouble b pro longed, by lookmg for
    ,m an, w..:r from Sir EJward Kdly, who been conj ured m deal h..:n:: in sincerely.
    ;:,,,
    1
    1 Kdl y d..:al C hri, rian ly w1th run.: all wtll be: wd l. Bur tl 1, "' c:"
    I\\L'.111111g man a, c.ummun iam..: reptlrt>, 11 hat Ctii1)Urt ng be >Ulll(lc111 t".""'""
    hun deal sincerd y: specially if he io lluw rh..: cnun:.d ,,j lu, fnenJ, an-I ,;t. . odl
    urh<.!rS the Je>uit>, whu have \' uweJ the1r enJcalour. tu trouble thl> L'>t.l t..: "J
    ,
    1
    ll wd l-wi, her," (Publi..: Recmd O ihce, SP 12/23 1, f, Jl. 22).
    Parkins had been at sd1o,1! ar Win..:he,r..: r wi th ThtllllJ> Wat>.H1, the \ \ .d
    , mgh.am agenr whu h;Jd Gft'ered hi> sc: rvice> ttl Ltskl. In 1566, ag..:J 19,
    haJ ..:nrercd rhe s,,.:iety of Jesus ar Rome. He had been an
    among th..: Je>uirs for mJny years, hu_r h..:..:ame di,t,H1ceJ tr,Hn rhe1n.
    In rhc miJ-1580, h..: prt>vcd him, dt usdul tu Burghl..:y, llHervenmg t ll >.11 t
    ' I)
    Burghk y' s grand:.nn frum tmuble afr..:r ,,,m..: expr..::.>ion rllk >L .. nt
    ,>p inions on a vi, ir w Rum..:. Parkin> i> >aid hl have returned EngLmJ
    rhe young William C.:.: il. who r.:conuu..: nJeJ him tll h!s grandt.uher. In 1 ) \:1 /
    Parkins was , rill d.:scribed in rhe government'> li, r ul recu,,mL> abr.,aJ ... , "
    J..:,uir, resident in Prague. What in,pired Kdly' , le u er i_> HaJ h.: r ec r.
    i.:J misinftumatiun ? Was h.: trying ro pre>ent him, dl .1> u:.d ul t11 rh..: <! "l,m-
    menr? O r was he trying tLl pre-empt any r..:pllrt> Parkin> may ha1..: mclJ.: J bcJLot
    hun? Parkins ,..:ems tll ha\e be.:n imprisuneJ on hi, rerum t1J Engl.mJ, bur 11 .. ,
    r..: gularly empk1yeJ on diphnnari..: mi tOll> .atr..:r . rhi, , and in 59 1 \\,t> 111.1J t
    ambassad,u m D.:nmark anJ gi\en an annlllt)' ot 100 mJ rb. Wh.:rh..:r h..: h.1J
    been an agent beiurehanJ, or wh..:rh..: r he wa, re..:rui r..:J after a , ,men Ill;
    up spell in pris0n i> undcar.
    Deo:: haJ exp.:cro::J Kell y w m..:d h1m 111 Bremcn an, ! ret urn w
    with him. He wrote tll Mr. ju, rice Yo ung, Augu:. l 20, 1589, rhar h..: kJreJ hL'
    w
    1
    1ulJ have "ttl endure th i, Br..:ami>h habHation Lh i> winter, b..:..:au,e I hc:ar n.
    "'' 'rJ of Sir Ed Kdly's apprtlaching" (SP 15/ 31 , h1l. 35 ). Ntll'ember 3, o lJ >) lL'
    he records in h i:. diary, "I r11 gu intLl Engl,mJ, h.1ping w meet l\ l r
    EJward Kdly ar Srade, guing also intn England; ,mJ rhat I su>pecr..:d up.m l\l r
    S..: crerary Walsingham', leucr:." (PO, 3 2; Fen<111, 2-11 ). Ba..: k ar Morrlak..: , J,,nu-
    ary 23, 1590, (Fenron , 247, has December 23, 1589), Dee ww te, ' 'l\lr Thunl.<
    Kdly came fr,lm Brainf,m:l; pur me in good hope ut S1r Edward Kdly' s r..:rurnm;"
    (PD, 32). But h..: never saw Kdly aga in.
    AnJ now S ir EdwarJ th1uri:.hcJ a> nn.: ui RuJ,,lt\ tJVllllte:.. H t> ,lkh.:n<k.d
    trammuwrion> were widdy repon ed. A, hmlllc r..:corJ, in Th.!atrwn Ch.:n'"' ""
    Britannicwn: " I have received ir from a crcdi hl..: per:.1ll1, rhar one Brll,,mndj
    anJ Alexander Ruberrs ruiJ him they had often >cl!n Sir EJ Kdly mJke pr.IJL'c-
    tion, anJ in particular upon a pic..:e of m..:ral cui our of a warming p.m, ,m.J
    without Sir Edward's touching or handling ir, or mdrmg the mc:ral (onl) 1\.lfiJ.-
    ing it in rhe firt!) rh..: dixir being pur rh..:r..:,m, ir wa> rransmur..:d ilHcl pt..r,
    , ilver: the warming- pan anJ rhb pie..:e uf it W<l> ><.:nt ttJ Q u..:cn Eh:.1bdh b\ hc:r
    ambas:.ador who then lay at Prague, that by fiuing the pie..:e inr11 rh..: pl.,,c
    whence it wa> cur our, it might .:xacrl y app..:ar tn be ,me parr oi rh.a 11
    pan. The af0r..::.aid p.:r, ,m ha:. likewise >t.:en in the hands of on.: lvl r Fq .: an-i
    Scroupo::, rings uf Sir Edward Kdly's gt1ld, the fash ion of wh1ch 11'..1> unl-,
    wire, rwbted thrice ahnut rh.: finger; anJ of th..::.e fashi, meJ ring>, h ..: g.11 c . ' )
    m the valu..: of 1:4000 ar the marriage of on..: of hb , ervant m,u-1, . Tht> '' ,,.
    )0
    t-.1\":::iTIC.-\L t-. IET.-\L L)F GOLD
    lllghl ) hlll td truth he: \\'<lo tlpo.:n ly pr,ltuo..:, h.:yun,l th..:
    limito phil,,,, ,pher." W,",J rep..:at> d1e srury in Atl1.:nt!<! Oxuni.:nsis,
    u,IJmg rh.: detail rhctr rh..: amhasoacl,,r was LurJ Wil k1ughby.11
    R. J. W. E, <llb cite> urher rcporro rhur ci rcular.:J rhrllugh Eur<lpc:. The
    13oheml.m a,l.:pl t--lard1icto Erhin.Jus \ ' cll1 Branclau \\TOte arounJ 1630 rh;t r he
    hctJ een Kdly's tincture, and rhar Kelly .:uu!J proJuce rh.: .1\. l.:t.:urii<S Solis in
    nu llhll't.: than ti trc..:n minurc,. An,,ther uccuoiun is r.:purrecl hy Gasoenduo at
    L?r. 1-Lij..:k', huuo..:, wh.:r..: with rhe mfuoiun of a oingle >mall Jnlp nf reJ liquiJ,
    Kdly LransnHILeJ a puunc.l <>f mc: rcury into g,,JJ. RuJ,>lf uoed Hcij.:k w r..:or our
    the ..:ro.:J.: nrhtl, 11f alchcmiob bdorc raking rhem inru hio service. Thi s nccaoiun
    may ha,c: he.:n such a to.:oL, one which Kdly paecl oucces>fully. Nicolas BarnauJ,
    who wao li1ing ar H<i jck', h>use, b vari>u>ly rcporr.:J LO hav.: ubsern;J ur
    p.trttCipatc:J in <ll1..: ,,{ Kdly's rratbmurarilll1>. A number of B,>h.: mian manu-
    ocriprs ,tf the oixr..:enrh anJ ,,e,enrc:cnrh century contain alch.:mical recipes
    ll'hich .tre .1>cnh.:cl Kdl y; anJ a Hungarian alchembt claimed robe reirer.ning
    the true \l'loclum 1>f Sr. Dunoran which Kdly haJ reJioC,Jver.:d anJ transminc:d
    rhr<lllgh Rulk1lf.i .
    On Ocr.1bcr I, 158':1 EJ,,,Ird L \er left Lon, ku1 , 111 a Sl!CI'd miooi,m h>
    peroualk Kdly tll rl!rurn t<l EnglanJ with hio alchemical expertlo<:: . Burghky
    rl'C..:i\e,J report> on Dyer', prllgt"l!S> fnun Th,Hnao Budky at The Hague (SP 84/
    15, td,. 17- 28) and Will iam lllilwarde ar Sracl..: (SP 82/3, ful. 116). On March
    7, 1590, .m Englioh mc:rchanr ar Hamburg, Wi ll iam Fuwlc: r, repurreJ rn Burghlo:y
    "up,ln my late rra,d in thl! ..:vumrieo of Oeur.chland and Bvh.:mia f11r h.:r
    td,tje>l y'o oervic<.! ":
    .-\n, l un_r,' the! l try ,,f Pr;tgu.: mer wirh rho: worohipful Mr 1\:dly,
    whum alter hi, trit:nJiy enterr,tinmem anJ ar my J eparrure tr,Jm rhence,
    cldi,ercd un[ll me: a bnx with the or.: ancl order of the silver mines, for
    Lu ddi,.:r untll Y1Ur hunuur with rhis letter here .:nduseJ ... nor
    J, ,ubri_ng with Gud', hdp bur that he hinbclt will he here vc:ry ,h,mly,
    ao he full y inrcn1leJ :1r my C<H1ling away. Mr Oyer is g,me unru him, and
    has hecn nu11 rho:rc a month t'nun Srade, and b lu1)kecl fur dail y. I l1<1pe
    thq wi ll cume Wgerhcr, G,ld gram they may, ft1r he is a guoJ oubj.:ct
    ancl tt> be a..:cuunre,l uf.
    The ktt<.:r, iopreoe!'\'ed in .-\ohllh1le'o papers in rhe B11dlcian Library (/>.IS Ash-
    llh>k 17oti, h1lo. I )9-60) . .-\ccurJing tu De.:'s diary, Oyer h ..JJ rl!lllrnc:d to L,m-
    clon hy March 14; Dec: rc:ceived a l.: uer from Kdly March 17 (PO, 33;
    Fl!nt"<u1, 247).
    Qu.:c:n Eli:ab.:rh's 11h1St >l' l1i11r otctreMmm, Wi ll iam Cecil, L,1rd Burghley,
    rhe k1rJ trl'asurer, noli' \\T<>Lc directly to Sir EJwarJ. An undated drair of a lerr.:r
    ouniveo in thl! Brirish Library (t-. IS Lam,Jowne 103 no. 73, iul. 211 He
    rhank.:d Kdl y hio krr.:r rccl'il'c:J l' ia Oyer anJ nored
    you C< H11;_., a Je>lre 111 rerum [<1 Y'Ur naril' e C<lLu1try; which 1o very
    C<l mln.:n,bhk in )'<lLt. I Jerc.:ile alou by yuur own 11urdo, expreooly, that
    ),
    )'llUf nunJ dr..t\\'o )'<lll f<l\\clrd )'>ur lllhll1 .&Lo\c ,11
    woriJiy yuu ,lc:otre 111 o.:ne and plc:.toc:: wh1ch mrenr )'LI '"'
    desire me l<l furrho:r .... And )'d nevcnhde>o, I \\ uuld 11llt hcl\'o: )"'
    ignorant, thar ounJr) nten, bemg Ill>[ acquunr..:J with rhc: oo.: p>ur t".mhtul
    off.:ro anJ purpooeo, let nut in oume ><lrt, >111Cl! ir 1o oeen rh..tt )<Ill ..:.uuc
    llllt ll'irh 1\ l r Dyer, tcl d1vine \'<lricluoly of yl>Ur oray, oume o.tying rhcH ) '''
    do forbear tu CLlll1e, because )'llll cannor perf,mn rh,n inJ,;ed "h1ch h . :
    been reponeJ ,,f )' llU. Some that )'<Ill dft! enr i..:eJ ( hy ouch a> n .. t
    rhc Queen nor rhio re.tlm any guoJ will), nur w Clllllt: fll henc:hr 1 .. ,,
    Majesty. Sume ,1ll.:ge your <J\\'n pmfes>icm ni rdigion ,lu..:> nnr
    w1th uuro here. Yc:a ><1111<.! rh,lf malic iuuoly are di>p11oed, oay, rh,lt )'<1ll .11'
    an impooror [anJ a decc:i,er-- dd.:rdl with yvur
    lr io clo.:ar lrom Burgh Icy', leuer rhar Queen Elt:aheth h.1J requo.:otecl hun t d '' nt,
    to Kelly, anJ rhar ohe hcrodthaJ alreaJ)' wnrren. "I <1m e:<.prcly h
    her Majl!ory t<l requirt:! yuu to havt:! regarJ w her h<ll1<1Li r, .tnJ accurcl ing t '
    rcnur of her fmmer leuers, r<> asoure yourodf, tu he oingularly fuv,>ure,l; Y'' 11,
    respect, ,,f the bc:netits rhar y>u may, by the gift> that G11J hao giv..:n, t,
    her Majcory, eo be hLlnourcd, w rhe Cllmfnrr ,tf Yllllrodf and all ynuro." I le
    condudeJ with rhanb rv K.:lly "fur rhe nwunL.t in, ''r rock rl1<H Y''u oem, .111.1
    safdy brought ro me frnm SraJe, which I will pla..:e in my lh1Uoe wl:c.r.: I
    d,l bt:!stow orher rare rhingo of wmkmanoh1p, and ,hall he cl mel11l lrial ul ) '"'
    kinJneso. Wishing I might enjuy sum,; omall r.:ceipr fr,lm )'<1LI, thar m1ghr Cllllll 111
    my spirits in mine age, rhan my cuffero with any wealth: f, Jr I e>t<.:.: lll
    health abovc: wealrh."
    Thc: "mounrain or r<Kk" th.1r Kdly ,enr ru Burghlq \\'cl> prnbJhl) .1 lJo:ll ll-<1
    a mndcl ni a muunrain made up li aoo.1ys ut ore, ownc: ancl .:ry,r . .!-.
    ohowing in ,,;criun the layout ut the mine workingo wirh minc:rs ar their Juf,rc:lll
    moks. Burghlc:y wao l..n,,wn t11 h,tl'e an inrc:reor in mechanical J.:vice> .mJ n"' , 1-
    ties, which he kept , t<lgerher with an c:xhauotl\'e collection uf nupo, in th,
    cabi nets in his srud ico and galleries."''
    Burghl.:y', lener ru Kelly ocrupul,>uoly m,,i,b mentl<llHng akhelll) . Pr.:"ll"
    ably rhi:. w<b in caoe rho.: lerrer was im.:rcc:pteJ. Thc: matrer wao juJ geJ t11 r, ..
    sensi tive one. Burghley wao certainly de.:ply inrerestccl and full ,nleJ up L1
    inquiries rhrllugh llthc:r meano. The Britioh ducumenr uf F.:hntclf)
    1590 (t-. IS Lansd.nvn.: 846, iols. 21 6-17) conr,uning the wpy of a p.H..:r.t , r
    knighrhvocl granr.:J by RuLI,llph to Kdly may wdl be a reopunse w ,u..;h ll1cjuif
    ieo. On March 8, 15':10, ar rhe enJ ut a lung lertl!r w Sir Horatll > P.tl,l\ 1..:11c
    Burghl.:y writes, again "I pray y<tU learn what yuu ..:.111 , lhlll ::-,r
    EJwJ . Kdly's proft.! ssion may b.: credited" (SP 81/6, fob. 7-8).
    Palavicino wao a fi nancier whoot! fllrtune was bas.:J <ll1 the Eut'<' l'e.ln . 1,.:,
    ll1llnllpoly. From 1580 w 1592 h.: wao rh..: Englioh g,wernm.:m'o ti n,li1CI.d .,;cill
    in European Jealings. He Wl>rkcd clo,d y wirh Burghlo:y, prln1dmg " cnJult , 1
    finance fl1r diplomatic, eopivnagc, and other expendirureo, anJ he: 11 cl> ,I lu __ J..
    levd snurce of information f,1r Burghley and Wabingham."
    1
    1\ IYSTIC.-\L t-.IET:\L L)F lJl)L[)
    July I ), 15':)0, l \:c: rc:c-' t"<b in ht:. ,liary, "l ll'<:m tu the: Ar..: hbt, h<l[1 ,,f
    C. IIHerhur\: ll'ith him bul-ll y >t Ill\' righr t<l the p.lr:.<m.Igc:s; ancl t<> the
    <lt-Su EJwar, l 1\:..:lly's Alchemy" (PD, 35; Fent<.m, 249). Wa:. Dee claim-
    ing ><Hll<.: right:. t<l a 1\\ lrk ,,f Kdly':., ur was it a maner ut <. 1wner:.hip oi n
    manu:.cripr! Th..: ldkllling y..:.u Raph R.1bbard:. nrgani:..:d the: publicuion <li rho.:
    first ..:Jinun ,i Rtpley's Th.: CumpuunJ of Akhemy. Amung rho.: prda[l)ry
    ..:s:.<l)'> l' <.:r:...::. "ui <lther n. 1rablo.: 1nirer,'' appeareJ the poem "Sir E. K. Cun-
    cerning rh..: Phi lo:.tlpher', Srune wrinc:n w his e:.pc:cial g1.1oJ fri end, G.S. Gent."
    Dc:e ;llsu C<HHribur..:J a prc:iar<>ry 1'><.: 111 r,, the h,1ok, "J. D. Gc:nt: in pr.1 i:.e Llf the
    ;luth,H- and hi :. W<lrk," su h,; may ll'dl hav..: bo.:en invnlvcJ in arranging the
    uf tht: by Kdl y. Kdly's "e:.p..:cial guuJ fri enJ G. S. Go.: nt" has
    ll<1r hec:n iJ..: nnfio.:,l.
    Kdl y replic:J tu Burghlc:y from Pr.Igu,, July 1590 (SP o l /6, iub. 56-7) .
    Kdly refur..:J "whdt:.de\'<.:r ha:. been spuk..:n ui m..: anJ by whum I kt hlll' nor but
    am ,b:.urc:d rh.1r n1.1 man ha:. conuni:.:.im r,, rept:at any WL1rJ:. f, mn.Illy ir<1m me
    in EngbnJ to rhar pr..: renJ.:,J eff.:cr, 1\l r Dy..:r excepreJ whn h <b d.me rhe parr
    uf a iairhtul :.ubjecr anJ tclld a truth :.uch as nune of these blabbers :.hall ever
    <1\..:rrhrow." He 1\'C:llt <111 rn aJJ that
    :. uch <b r.:warJ m..: f,u my fanht.ul :.t: n i..:c arc: nut r<l he: ulutH..:cl emi..:..: r:.
    n..: irher b my Ji:...:reti.>n :.l weak .Is t<l apply any senic..: t> the enemies
    ui hc:r 1\laj..::.ry nr my narivo.: country wh ich hithertu I duubr nLlr bur that
    I h,t\'<! well u,,1ido.:J ... I pr<.lt<!:.t beiuro.: GnJ the rru..: and :. tnc..: r..: l01e,
    Jury and nh..:Jto.:nce thar I J ..1 and always shall bear to her :.acred 1\ laje:.ry
    anJ the h ..m,lur of my c,>unrry; and ><1 an cnJ for rhi:..
    Wel l a 1iord m tll'll wi th rhllse that find faulr with my rdigi.m. If
    th..:y be such a:. luve Gu..:l care for hmesty, hate pride and
    Clll..:rou:.nc:ss anJ rh..: filthy sin of l..:chc:ry: if they prefer nor the Cl1Urt
    b..:!, m:! tht!ir CllnSCtence and tv!Jchiavd's docrrine bo.:furt! the wnrd of GoJ
    rhen am I oi rhem. AnJ hope :. hall wdl conform with their religion, etc.
    But now I :. tng oi a rms anJ the man. And und<!r )'<lllr Ci.l rrcct ion my
    g<.111J l,>r,I :..1y whar:.,Jever he be in England that is nnt a:.h,uueJ tu report
    that I am an imposter I will n,1r be ab;tshed to :.uy that he is a knave
    :md that h..: ltes in his throat and will maintain it with my :.wllr-1 upun
    hi:. care ts..: wh..:re:.\1\!\cr I can >r shall find it abroad, will gladly and
    tn<IIi cinu:.ly trea-t it dl>Wn at hum.:.
    [He went on tLl o.:xplain hi> :.illlati<.Hl in B,1hemiu.j Being in :.ecurity,
    ancl that in a C<luntry iull of pt!acc and lib..: rry, seiscJ in bnds of inheri-
    tance yidding U500 yeurly, inCLlrporar..:J to the kingJ nm in the :...:conJ
    urd..:r, some expecratiun and u:.e more than vulgar, uf ht:. Majcsty's
    privy council (n,JtwithstanJing y<!t sworn for t he love.: l b..:ar unto
    my sacred Que..:n and country ), chief regent in nnd uver all the lands
    and affair:. 1.1f rhe Prince Ru:mhcrk: I cannot see how I nught easi ly or
    h,m..:srly depart, much lt!ss :.o :.tc:al mvay, for why such properties belong
    to a paltry mitllled man and ro him that knows nut rh.: u:...: of honour.
    -.
    .-\ b.ntghr 1 <ll\1 anJ SW<.l rn r<l prumllte l' trtue anJ chti'Jir\ 11l.kh i .tt
    p..:rform by all ..:ndeavuur (GL>d helping me) tll the uttc:rm<l>L ,
    But if it may pleas<! my most ,,weretgn anJ u ut. tr, t.
    rc:Jre:.:. tht: done ag..t inst m.: h.:rc: tul,lre t1.1 m<.: lhJ tt.c t.
    the like honour; me ui much bnJs uf by )"' r t.
    :.erve ho.:r, a, 1 ,h,lll lea1c behmd me in &1h..:mtJ k1r her; rh..:n 11 tll l
    Jeclare my:.di upenly, rake l..:ave uf h t:. htJC>tY anJ b.mgJllm anJ rq ... r
    hume ru her
    J,
    1
    cs
    1
    w r :.p..:city the " in] urte:. J util! agatn:.r m.: her<.:l<l lllr..:" but di e: \ " .. u
    be rhe ear !upping ur the t.:<>ining charg..:. . ,
    On Augu:,t 10, 1590, Kd ly 1\'tllte replying t<l ,t rurrher ktt..:r ll lHliPUr; hk.
    1 um nor ,
    0
    mJJ t1.1 run ,l\vay from my pre:.em hon<.J ur and lanJ, t<l r,
    ,
    1
    n<!l\' . Sarb e:.t per 1inur..:m nll>xi 4ua per dedeam l"tnc..:rc ... T ..> Jo.:,Jl pl.lli.l
    I rind mysdi wdl ar ea:.e. And can well cunrenr my:.dt
    anJ will not bur upun grcatcr rea:.om rh,m I yet hnJ (::,P b l /o, tul. OJ I
    Sir Hurattu Pal.
    1
    vicinu r<!:.p,mJeJ w requ.::.t f, >r
    Jbout Kdly by iorwarJing a lnng, rambling Puo:i had :.enr huu lht"
    Pragu<! on August 25, 1590 (SP 81/6, fob. 68!1). Puc..:t ro.:p<.m..:d th.n h<.: h.t-.1
    brok.:n with findmg him "..:v..:r nwre mcon:.ranr m m,m..:r:. ll .u.J
    piety and knowing him in ,J( irienJship lung m pr<.>m_t:.o.::. .mJ WLlrJ, h....r
    in deeJ:., tinJing him over l,mg anJ year:. , -,ll n anJ tntukr.tl-1\
    haughty." Pucci went nn tn complain th..tt Kdly uweJ hun mon.:y, anJ r.
    Jescribe a quarrel that h,tJ ,levdupeJ hetwe..:n Kdly anJ Cuunr Sc,Htu.
    quarrel, he repurreJ, had be..:n :.rarteJ by Kdly, "who 1\' rH<.: th..tr _he: h.JJ It rr .. n.
    tru:,tworrhy per:.<ms d1<1t Scottu W<IS :.peaking untb n..:ringly L1f h tm .mJ 1\ -''
    rhrcutening to beat him up, who.: reby if such wa:. the h.: ordc: reJ h tm t,
    indicate the place anJ rh.: t ime so rhar he might ro.::.p<.md wtt h weap.m m lunJ
    .... Suftice it tll knuw ior the mument t hat th<! quarrel m my <lptnt<lli cmn,.t
    have an earl y end without bkxxhhed, anJ t hat all tn all I dun t bdt.:lc d1..:1 <.: t'
    much to cho:.e b.:rwcen them.""!
    Count Sc,Jtt<l, the Italian alchemi:.t, a :.mi:.ter hg_ur..: .. -\b,l b.n.ol\ t.
    Scow or Sc,lta or Scorta or Scott i, anJ vanuu:.ly gtven the hr:.t n.1mo.: Cic:r.
    or Alessandro ur Giovanni, h.: had arriv..:J in Prague e.1rlier that yc.tr, I J 'J-...
    and :.eems m ha1.: pl.1yed a parr in the that pre..:tpltat..:J 1\:dly':. J , o\\ nt . ll
    in 1591."
    1

    One.: again EJ warJ Dyer WLb :...:nr r<l Jc:;l l J irectly ll'trh Kd ly. 1-1<.: .otTtl , J
    in Prague: .:arly in Ocrub..:r 1590. He prc:;;enr..:J h ts paper:. tl the nHnbld> ' t
    star.:, but rh..: (K1Iitical climarc was un.:asy and he let t r.IptJ ly. H.: 1\fl>l t: t.
    Burghley Oct<.lb..:r 3 I. "I u:..:J all my be:.t mt:.m:. _ro have g<lrt..:n "' Hll<.: ni<. Jt .. " .,
    w have :.<Hisfied her by her 1.1\\' n hlisslul :. tght: but Str EJ k Jr..:J l
    consent rherew, le:. t rhe rep1rt rhere<ll being blown .wer, ir might he .m ,1-:c .
    to kindle jealou>y here, whereuf he b..:ing nlW of _rhe Emp<::mr\ pn\) .._ ,,t,n.:d,
    he has mure regarJ than in t ime pa:. t" (SP 82/3, tol. 134 )._
    The sa m..: Jay, Octob<!r 3 1, Kdiy wn1te tll Burghl..:y trlllll 1 ::-I .:l
    6, iol. 76):
    1\1\':->T IC:\L 1\ II::T-\L l) F GULD
    Very I ,\Ill th.H h.:r l'vlaJc>t\ h,t, >c<:n .md hk.:, l Ill\ Ll>t
    k rr.:1> . .'\n,l .un wdl plc.i><:d abd, rhm \'< Ill ,tCC<1UI1[ \<lur:,.:h rher..:in fully
    ><Hi,ti.:d. Bur wh.:r<:a> \llll ll1lll'c m.: (a, from her l'vl.tjc>ty) w m,tle ><line
    ,kmtllhtrari,m in rh..: principal puinr (as it pka:,..:s Y<lll t11 r..:rm ir) uf my
    ,cienc..:, tll rh.: .:nJ her 1\ l.tjesry might he rhe bener :,arbri..:J, and !,1r the
    >ll d.Hng pnunt><.: m.: (in h.:r 1\!Jjesty', lx half) graci1lU> fan1ur, incr<.:<be
    uf htHh1ur ,mel li1ing, I dHt> atbll't.: r: it h..:r htghn.::,s huJ >pedheJ any
    p.trricular hy h..:r uwn direct ur indin:cr kn..: r, whe rein h..: r
    :,a[l, f,tcti<n haJ CJb l>l<.!el, ir , h,Ht ld hal'.: t.tken :,uch performance a, the
    .!..:,Ire> <If ><I great a 1\ bj.:,ry, <tncl rh.: shmv uf my re<J I love and luy<t lry
    tnwards h.:r might an\ way requirt!. Bur b..:cau>t.: yuur lorJ,hip's letter>
    :tr..: tu< 1 in rh,n b.:half, and fm that rh.: pr,>ceedi ngs are so entangled
    with 1 Wing elf " lilt! worthy man':, wdl known anJ un:,t.Jinahle
    cre,llt , I rh,1ughr it rir tu wk..: a l'<lll>e umil I leJrn fmm her 1\1ajesty
    wherein lmighr h<lll<Jurably :,.:n..: an,l :,at isfy her graci<lUS htgh-
    11<.: <thr,l<hl, being :,.: ttJ.:d <t nd c.mtenr..:J already with sullici..:nr r.:puta-
    ti<lll J nel linng.
    D\<.: r turn.:,l l'ragu.: 111 Ac..:,;relmg I> :,argent, Dyer
    '11 ,!v.:ply with rh..: Empcrur that h.: CLHdJ lltlt hal'c ld r the Empir.:
    h..: wi, h.:d tu. "Whence cam.: <lriginal :,ugg.:stiun une cann<>t s;Jy,
    hut bcr11.:cn the tll'u, Kdly and Dyer, t hey hi t up<m an ingeniuu> :,olutim1. Smce
    Kdly cnuld n<>t cJrry ,1\\'JY hts :,e.:rer, it wa> pmpu,..:J rh,tt ,hnukl enter
    in!ll C<l llaburuti<>n rh.: e:qwrimen t>, with rhc .:xpccratic>n th<lt Dyer , h,lLI IJ
    ..:1.:nrually lc:.arn the nt.:rh,,.l uf rransmut,ltiun for Dycr was Jdighred
    wnh thc: pt'<l>pcct. Eel ward Dyer accordingly e>tabli>hed him,df in Kelly', hclu:,e-
    hniJ, under Kdly' > tutelage: plungt'J int<l t he myst..:ric> of alch..:micallabllur.
    The whole winrer 11'<1> gi1..:n lWer w the pursuir."M
    lr seem:, unlikely rha r Kdly wouiJ have ,hareJ hi, , ecr..:r,. But they ..:..:r-
    t:unly JiJ 11'<1rk Kdl y later r..:called this p.:rind in a leuer tll Dyer,
    September 14, 1595 (BuJieian Li br<tr\ MS A,hm,Jie 1420, p. 328): "Yea, honor-
    ablc ::.i r, \'<Ill kn,nl very well , ll'har Jdighr we t<lllk tugcd1..: r, when fr, Hn the
    merab >imply calcincd intn P<lll'dt!r airc:r the u:,ual manner, distilling the liquor
    , ,1 wi th the samt! we cumt!rtcd appropriate b,Jdie> (as 11ur asrmnvmy
    int'enc1r .. hc,) im,, m..: rcury rhei r tir,r marrer. "
    Dy..:r's itw,Jh..:m<;:nt with Kd ly i> the subj ect uf <me ,,f Fr.Jnt.:i>
    ApoJ>hr/t.:gms:
    Sir EJwa1J D1.:r, .1 gr.l\'<: ,mJ wi, c g<!mleman, clid much hclic1.: 111 Kdly
    the .t lch..:mi, r, that he ,liel ind..:eel rh.: Wclrk, ..1 nJ maJ..: gukl: in>umuch
    that h..: w..:nr 1nru Germany, 11herc: Kdly then \\'<!>, to ini<)rlll himsdf
    fu lly th..:reuL After hi> r..:rurn, ht: Jinc:d with my l<1rJ of Cantcrbury,
    wher..: ar rhar time ll'as Jt the r;tble Dr Brnwn rhe phystcian. They idl
    in talk uf Kclly. Sir Edwar,l D\..:r, turning w th..: archbi>hop :,aid, "I J u
    d:,:,ure Y<lur gra..:e, rhar rh.tt I , h<l ll tdl you is truth, I am Jn .:y..:wirness
    therc:<li; anJ if I n<l t :,ccn it, I :,huuld n<1t hal't! hdie1c:d it. I saw 1\l r
    l ll
    1-.:dl\ pur of rh.: m.:t.tlmtll rh.: .Jncl .!IL<:t ll 11,1> ><.:1 '
    upun the tire, a ,..:ry nt m..:,hctn.: pur >1 1-' "-:
    with a snck vt ll'll<ld, ir cam.: f<Hth tn grcJ! pr<lp<>rll<ll1, o '-
    1
    U, I
    the wuch, tl tht: humm.:r, tu the tl.! >t.
    1\ly 1,
    1
    rJ archhi,hup :,,tiJ, "Y,1_u nc: eel t.tkc: wh,H \"ll ''
    Sir EJwarel Dyer, for here: i> an tnnJd at rh..: h,J,trcl.
    Sir EJwarJ l)ycr ,aid ag.Jin plccl>.Jiltl\, "I 11'<1uiJ h..11.: llll1k.:J hl
    tnh, ld ><l<H1er in any pla..:c: than ar yuur r.thle."
    "What say yc1u, Dr Bwwn?" ,ay> rhe bi,hup.
    Dr Brown J n>ll'..:rt:J , after hi> blunt anJ huckllmg manncr, "TL,
    gcnrleman h<l> >('<lk..:n cn<lUgh me."
    "Why," ,ay> rhc: bi>h<>p, "What h..:
    "1\!.ury," :,ay> Dr BrllWn, ''h.: ,,tiJ, hc W<l ukl 11<1t h..:l tc:l -. J 11
    h
    I . 11 I .. ,,
    exc.:pt h.: au :,ccn tr , a> n<l llll>rc Wl .
    )
    F l
    1 )-91 ,. I!<- \\Tll t .: ru Bur .. hk il\<.:11fllllllllg " I h.tcl r'llq . .; <>tt <:l> ' '
    L n )ruary u, , "-t.: , o 1' l
    l.:r you und..:r
    3
    ranJ in la,r lerr..:r I 11'1ukl , hurrly \<lU t '"t >.'"n'
    '<l<>cl thing Y<lll ,lc:, irecl tel l" ynulrl he.tlth (Bnrt:, h t--.b Lnbcltl\1 oo.
    58, f.
    1
    Is. 164-65). In 1\lay 1591 Burghley wn1te ag.Jm 1-.:clly: a clr,ttt <lf the
    kner survive:, (1\ IS Lms,klwn.: 103, n<L 72):""
    1 hal'c eau:,..: t, rh.mk ,mJ ,.11 j,1 1.:r\ h.:.trUI\ t.c1r \ ur g1"J , km. t
    letter :,ent tu m..: by <Htr C<luntrymJn, 1\lr H. uyJ,m: 11hu nuke> :>Lil:h
    rep
    11
    rt ,lf you, (.1; due> every nrher man rh.n h.l> h,tcl C nn..:r:,,l! '' 1n 11 H h
    you), a, rh.u I Jm C<Hnfnrr..:J m h..:ar their r..:pclr!>. \er I h.11'C rhe ,,,n tc
    mingleJ with ><lllle grief. that nnne ,J( rhem c.lll gti'C m..: any >:"'-'
    a:,:,uranc..: ,J( Y<1u r rerum hith.:r; rh..: thing lllll>t earnc, tly Je, tr..:J lf ,,11
    well di:, pu,..:d p.:r><li1S rn the Queen's Majc:,t y, anel tll rh..:tr uluntrym.:n
    .. . AnJ I h,1pc t<1 hear lr.Hn you w ha\e ><lmcrhing <lt \<lur .1ppr, ,[,,Hh ti
    ro , rrengrhen me .1inre the n..:xr wmter again:, t my ,,IJ .:nemy rh.:
    which rarhc:r f..:J by a cuiJ humuur than a hut, anJ 1",
    rheumatic head, which l ab 1 rh ink rc:ceil'l.!> hi> tr .. m '
    swma..:h ll<Jt fully Jigc>ttng rhe ll>oJ recei1eJ. Bu_r w alnrm I t,,k,
    to bt! the must direct cause i>, <>ppr.:ssiun wnh alt.tlf> anJ lack nt hh.:n \
    again>t the which n<l medicin.ll receipt can >ene. AnJ ycr l wtll h.: ..:1. I
    m make ll >l! of any yuu wi ll :,end me, with Y>ur ,J:,:,uranc..: th.tr 1t ,h.,ll
    J,1 me no harm.
    1\ l.nth..:w Ruyclcm, wh.1 h.td Jdt1ereJ Kdly', kttcr tnHn :' '' 1 .. _.
    .t po..:t ancl a member uf tht! SiJn..:y circle. Hc IIT<l_t.: ,tn on :,dn..:y , d<--ll ..
    "A FnenJ', Pal<ll1 f,Jr hi> A,trophcl." H..: w.t> ,1 lric:nd ut Chn, !clpher 1>.1. trl" "'
    and George Chapman, he wa:, li nked 1\'tth L<lrJ Su .mge JnJ '::>,,\.. ..
    of Night," ... nJ he i> gc:nemlly tu have been part of Wabtngh.un' '' " '
    Burghley'> imellig..:nc.: nelii'L1rb."' . . . ,
    Wa> Eli:ah..:rh's ,eni<lr ,ratc>tncm r.:.JIIy -!t,cu,mg ht> g<1ur ' ' uh K-.tl
    Wlluld a pc>lirical rigurt! re1c:.tl a ,lt,abling by ktt..:r, ><> r.:;dtl , llil ei
    tll an expatriate alch.:mt>t wh,, rdu:,c:d tLl r.:rurn hllmc:. Ur ' ' d ..
    t-. IY::iTIC.-\L t-. IETAL OF GOLD
    ktt..:r <llil"l ll1g Clllkd [lll liLic d b th.: rh.:umari.: h<.: <kl Rud,Jif the
    impert"..:cdy dige:.ring Rudult's <ILhist!r:., and tht! lad uf libt! rry a
    m..::nt <l_n B,1hemian attairs? At,d due:. that imply that Kd ly w.t:. operating as an
    .tg..:nt Burghky in Prague, "a highly-placed a:.set in the ..:ourr of Emperor
    Rudolt, ,\:, Charle:. N1d1,11l ao>..::rts, with the knuwn agt!nt Roydun a.:ti ng as
    cuuri..:r ?"'
    R,1lxrr Hullkc certainly rhuught ><l. He th,tt Dee', o::ntire >pirnu.d
    rec,>rJ , \\"t!re CllLied ut P<lliti..:al elent>: ' 'AnJ ll'hen h.:: returned, he leit
    Kdly with thl.! Empet"<1r, whu lllr se1..::ral years after kept Cllrre:.pL>nd<.: nce with
    Or Dee here, \\"hich might plh:.ihly C1.mtinu.: ro ..::xecute rh<' de,ign; Kdly
    being 11ll\1' gmll'n Sir Kdly, the Emperor' s chymi, r. AnJ in prubabil-
    liY Dr D<'t:: nught hal'e ,uthciendy furnished him wi th cryptography enough tu
    send what uuclltgence, . he pkas<'d, ll'ithuut :.u,picion, \\"hich w,ts easi ly cun-
    un,ler any teigned ,r,Jry." In pruhability, perhaps; hur Hullk<' nel't::r
    utters any exampk s ,1t rh<' all..::gcJ crypr,lgraph, decudcd. Nunetheless, rhe >pecu-
    lau,m I> n11t an unpos, ll:l..: one. The rhird vulume ofTrith<'mi u,' Scegwwgraphw,
    ll>ten,lhly .1 >equ..: nce llf tables h1r summoning up ,pirits, has now bl:'en ren:akd
    tn be a ":'>rk of cryptllgr.lphy. Thi s ll'as the book rhar Dee ha,! tried m acquire
    in 1563 f,lr Burghley (SP 12/27 i,11. 63
    l)n 12, 1591, Burghley 1\Tllte ,lt length tu Dyer:
    I h,t,..: recei1.:d Y<lllr tll'<l letter>; the uno:' ,1f rh.:: I )rh, rh..: urh..::r uf rhe
    1_6rh. By, h<l th \\"hich I perct! ile you huld fast yllur tir, t upiniun ,>f Sir
    ELlwarJ Kdly, namely, a, ynu \\"rite, k>r that worthy truth in him ar rhe
    pninr rhar ha,_ been you reported: anJ rherl'tu you add in
    the :.ame letter, rhar fllr hi, perfect k11'e toward:. ht: r Maje,ry you think
    there cannut be bdt.:r in any man; move me ro expect certainl y
    hy yuur means a p.:_Iicct reS<lluti<>n in Sir EdwarJ K. wirhuut all scruples
    t<l r.:turn ro ht, na_u,e tu hon<>ur her as a (,lyal natural
    >Uhjecr, Wi th the fruit> ut . uch gr..::at kn,>wl..::dgl' a:. GoJ has given him.
    light .md l'<: ry t'abe C<trneJ thither; the f. tbehu,Jd ut' SlllllC llf
    hy 11\l' e1en ar this prc>enr that my LurJ Chancei-
    J,,r (SirChrisropher Hathm] ;holl'ed me in a lener irom yuu brought
    II'Ith m1nc whl' rein Y<>U wrote, that Sir Edw. K is infonn..::J that my
    Lord Chance!lllr Utl l' reJ di vers reproachful speech,;:, even afnre her
    whereut my k>rd b notably wronged. For nn my I nev..::r
    heard my l<>rJ any eli(,,orJ, of him: and he him,di, up<H1 the receipt
    >f \ uur kn..::r, as ;lnd do,:s avow it upun his faith and hun<>ur, and s
    1
    1
    aklle her Maje,ry; anJ rhar he never uttered any n:: pruach-
    ful wnrJ,, etth..::r af,Hc her M.1j c ry nr out of her Which ab<l her
    M<Ije,ry in my heanng has conhnneJ, ne1cr ro have heard his lorJshtp ro
    h.11 e , Jepra\cd hi m.
    I'
    But Burgh!..:) JtJ .:un<.. .:Jc that .J,,ubt , h.t, l h..:l'n ::hlll<- l'" , h.
    t" \\ hltl', ", eeming tll thml,. the aCt illl1 llll('lbSih(e hl \dH.: h I> rCj' < tl<.J
    ,
    11
    ::i
    1
    r Edw. K. , concl.!ive rhar tlll')' ll'htch m.1kc r.:p.m of thetr l1Wn e:-..:ell<. n<-<
    1'\ , euing rrammurarion ut m<.:: tJ b mro g,1JJ by hun J,> n<>twnh, t,:mJmg <.:ll nt <..LJ
    w
    11
    h rh<' that rhey arl' de.:l' iw d; and "> may be h l u,. AnJ Bur,;t. l... l
    .:unclud..::d that , ii Dyer wa, unable tn per>u.tde 1-:dly tll "lmu, r cerr.unl,
    thmk that he cmn'H perinrm rh,H which )'>u cuncei1e llf hun, hut th.H h) >ullil
    .:unning, ur, thc:y ,ay, k g<!rdem.t in, buth y,>u .tnJ h.tn: been J_.
    Lei,eJ , as rhe wisl'>t in V.: nicc ll'cre thl' la.r )e.Ir: or ebt! I mu>t m my hc.ll
    (which 1 Wl1uld be mo>r hHh t<> .J,>) C<li1Lil'Inn hun, a> an unnarur.tl hllrn ll-' I'
    t<1 hi, country, and a very di>k>yal ,ubjl'ct tu ,\ mu>t ':inu1>U> guJiy l..Jd). h1,
    >lll't::reign." And he concluJI.'J with rh.:: r..::que>t th.n ".1t you cant1<lt :::> 1r
    E,lw. Kelly's return per"JI1,llly, yet rhm you Wl>uiJ, ll>l' _m.lmten.lnCl' ,,, \ lll
    procure ,nme ,m,JII, th,1ugh very ,mall puniun ur the pcm_Jer tll m . \.. ,
    , lemun, rrarion in her own >iglu ut the perkcnon ut \..n' "' 1-
    l'dge .. . . I wi, h h.: wc>uiJ, in >tlme ,ecret bL>X, ;c:nd tl> h..::r 1\laJe>t)', t.>r a tdken
    ,
    0
    mc such P>rtiun nught bl' rn ht!r ,t :.um t<l clefr<lY her ch.tr,:e>
    tl>r this Mllllllll'r fur her n,t,y whkh I> n<>W prl'paring [ll the t<>
    rh
    1
    : strung navy ,l( Sp.tin, di,Cl >l c:rl.!J uplll1 the C<l<l>t> betw..:en l3rirann) .111.!
    Curnwall ll' ithm rhc>e rw,, Jay>. But wi, hers anJ wnulder> were ne,er t;ll<d
    hmt>ehuklers. "'
    11
    There are v.lri<lll> highly cul,>red rh,1ugh unaurhenu.:.lted C:c.:h >t,>ne> " '
    Kclly ar rh.:: height 11i hts j,1,d Svarc:k, wnrmg in .' 890, , h,1, hun
    buying a brell'ery, mill, ancl pr,1p.:rry in j fl,ll'e anJ gammg a l\Hll1ul'''' >
    over the food trad..: in the district, rabmg pric<',, ign,>ring the [W<Jte;nng r' l' U-
    Iace. When he was m>r nn hi> estate> ht! in Pragu<', indulging in urgle> " '
    wine and women. han S\'ltak annbute> Kdly', unLklllbted wealth tn ht> rc-
    procl.'ss ing waste from the J ikll'e mines, retrieving g.>ld hy rh.:: U>e of mcr.:ur\.
    RepureJiy Kelly bLHighr a how.e in Dubyrci rrh, rhc: C urie Marker, 111 \\ htch
    none other than Dr. F.,u, r 11a, h> hal'e hvecl. He b >ili<.l r,1 h.,,"
    bet:n less than enrhusiasric abuur the ,arillli> urher travel li ng akhenll>b 1d , ..
    convc:rge<ILm Pragut:. Mamugn.ullJ he kept at a di, t.m<.:c:. Slllularly, wh,n
    ci1Jd SenJivugius arrived in 1590, Kdly is ,,uJ ro have 1,1Jged hun m <ll'le I
    his h,>us.::s at Jilul' e, r,1 prel'enr hi> becoming a nval f,Jr Rud,>lfs patr<lll.lg<. .
    Events nnw tuuk a dramat ic rurn as RuJ,J(f Llr, lcrcd Kdly', arre,r. Tl. ,
    ..::a rl i.:sr is in "The true Cllp)' ui a letter wrmen fnm1 Frankiurr , thc I j d,
    of May," 1591, now in the Bri ti>h Juhn Srrype 1t t<l .... n
    English merchunr, a> it ,.,.ems, at Frankfurt ,""' pre>tun,lbly the upc1Wl,
    paragraph d..::clare>, "T,1 Prague l came ' m rh.: 28th Apri l, 111) J<lllrih:)
    sn as I might fall in with rh.:: l'nll of rhe Lcip:ig marr becau>e ot lhe uc.:.<>t-r,
    iur Frankfurt with the merchant, ui c,1l,1gne and Srra, bourg." Thb oltnluu, n
    h.t> ne\'er been Ji, puteJ. llowl!ver the: letter 1> mo>t prub.1bly fmm He_nr) \\ t
    wn. it is written w Edward Worron, hi> h.1 lf br,1ther, with wh.m1 he lre, l""n,l
    corre:. ponded, and rhe ref..:: rencc in tt t> 8,1ughrun ll,lu>t:: , hnw, a tamd1..1 nt )
    wtth that family home uf rhe wher..:: Henry <mJ Edwi.lrd 11ert: hr11u,.,l.t
    up. The knu\1'1\ timet.lble of w.mon', trJvt:b >llpport> the cnnJeC!Ure. L .. ., . r.
    64 1\IYSTIC:\L 1\ IET:\L ()f Gl)Ll)
    Suuth llrll<-'> th.it ".tt rhc cn,l <ll April, I ) 91, \X
    1
    ,Htun ktr \' ic:l111.l .me!
    wc:m f<l Prague:; ;Jncl 111 June: ,,r y<.' ar 11'<.' tin,! hi m again at Fr.mkfun, whl'rl'
    he: L> ha,..: .u-ri1 <.' cl hd ur..: th.: encl <)i May, anJ where, he tu
    Bl,ltiu,;, h.: h.lll >ulf<.'reJ fr.>m a ;md ..:xpcnsil'e nf . 1 nhmth\ dura-
    riun." Th.: lare>r biugraph.:r ,)( w,m,m, G.:ralJ Cur:un, a.:.:epb my iJc:mifica-
    ri<ll1 ui Wurwn as thl.! aurhnr.'';
    .-\1 my C!ll11111g, I w;J> th.lt thl.! r..: 1\'l.! rc m;my tn
    Lhl.! ruwn. Up. m which lmeanr mr rn cl bc<ll'er my,di, rill I h.1d >ll Uncll.!d
    our 1rh.1r rhl'y werl.!, t he rhcy h,1r.:, anJ what th.:y ru,lk.
    W" rJ 11'<1> gil'en m.: rhar .me 1\ lr Dyl.!r wa> in Sir EdwarJ Kdly'> hlllt>l.!,
    .mcl anothl.! r p.1g.: ll'lth .me uf rhc Le.:> in the t<lWn and tii'Ll <lr rhrl.!l.!
    ntl1l.!r which d,partc:d informl.!cl) char Ja} to Nurnbcrg:
    I ,lt, l chink the next J .ty t<l Ll t't"cr my Jury tLl Mr Dyer, in mean whit..:
    h;tpp..: ncd rhi, ;dterati<m. 111 rhe lasr nf April abtJUt nvdve
    oi the: ci,Kk rhc: parr Llf 1 he genrlemen oi the gu.trd ancl
    rh.: Ll rh.:r ,lnwn fr,lin tit.: court ca,tk r<J Sir EJwarJ Kdly's h,lu>c: with
    (<lmlllandmcm Ill hring him up bnun,l, rh.: cau>c Cll!KcaleJ , rhc
    it wa, thnughr th.tr h!.! might h..: t;tl..l.!n ar Jinn..:r. And bc:ctu>l.!
    it >c:cm..:cl ,,,mcwh.tL a lu rJ pr,KccJing rn l.!nrer rhc ,1i a .:uunci llor
    tli l.!>tJtl.! wirh thl.! guarcl ;llnne, thl'y joinc: J unw rh..: m rhe captain
    ;m,l li..:utl.!nanr <lf rhc .:.tstlc, [1J'llVLlSt uf thl.! t<111n, anJ >l.!cremry in rhe
    scare Lli B,1hep1ia.
    The <lfti cer> in him nllt rher..: bur d> upun
    mrdligen.:e irum J >ecrer fnenJ 111 thl.! .:uurr JcparreJ a lmll.! bl.!iur.:,
    which by rl.!as.mui thl.! lm l..: Ji,;ran.:e bt:t\l'<.'en thl' court anJ Sir EJwarJ',
    l<K..lgi ng (b ... ing l1ll turrher than irom B<lughtun house ru the 1ineyarJ)
    was unprol'abl..:, bdng nm abl.: to gu, so that rime must
    hl.! >penr in thl.! preparat llll1 nt a h<l rs..: nr coa.:h. Othl.!rs >aid, rhar he was
    Jc:parreJ rhe nighr bc: ture wh k h in,ll.!l.!d wa, thl' right rrurh rhnugh , kme
    "' M.>..: rl.!rl y a, his uwn Lunily \\',\> kept from ir. The! officer tinJing nut
    the prin.: ipal >t.: i:c:J < 111 rh.: ;KCl.!llril.!>, huuncl hi> senant> and l..:J them
    up ru pri s<m in >ighr ut the 11huk wwn, >eall'J up rhe Jllor> ,1f ev.:ry
    ch.unher, ll>t:cl ..: htei c:-.rr.:mity Ll\1 hi, brother, nlt wirh,lut speech t hat
    he wa,; rurrurccl which yer wa> falsi!. Mr Dy.:r wirh hb was
    commanJt!,l tl keep the nll iurrher h!.!aring ot his tlbjesry\ plc:a-
    >Ure. S,m\c say, he kq1r in up<m his Gwn wisdom and ju, lgeml.! nr which
    rhe s..:crl.!tary ui Bohemia w lJ m.: bur I Jare nm alti rm ir, b<.'catbe
    I hl'ar ut per>ell1> in grear aurhuriry rhe contrary. lr may be he was unly
    aJ munishecl wirh,,ur C< lfl\1\\dncl menr or .:hargt: and rhencl.! ir aro.c:.
    Hi, Majesty aJ \' l' rti >l.!cl rh;H h!.! was gnne is w have: curscJ in
    rhe Dutch manner, ga1c f,mh present ordc:r ro have rh!.! highway> ..: t,
    plaCt!S [ ll harb,Jur him 1\'l.! rl.! >!.!arched in the [Llll'\1
    1
    a pUS[
    patche,[ wwarcl rh.: Earl Ru: mberk his parrnn wirh a letter fr,1111 the
    Empemr <l i thl.!>e cumcm, th.lt ri he came unto him, he , hnuiJ Jelrvc:r
    h im up<H\ his allcgi.lnt.:l.! ru rh.: ..: rm1n llf B,lhl.! mia.
    Th.: tumult bemg ,wer, , h,nt!J he rht: \\',to the n-.: "1
    ylll.!>tiun. To be w.:ighry anJ heinnu> ir 11'.1> he<.:<.l U>'-' rr 11 ''
    contrary [l) rhe Emperor's hum,,ur anJ CLlUr>e <ll t he h<lli>L! lll :\u,tn.,,
    w pr,Kc..:d in cnminal marr.:rs ..: irhc:r >Ll Ll r ><l g..:n.:rally. Th.u
    it rouchl'J rh<-' Empc:mr\ <lWn per>cln w.l > mantl.;,recl hy ke..:pr ng H c!"'-'
    ar ll';
    1
    sr by inr.:rpreration n:cl.!ivc:J no nrherwi.e. The cauo<.:> gil'en lurrh
    w<.'re Som<.' saiJ ir wa> f.1r J<.'bt, which thnugh ir ll'<.:rl.! pr.lb.thl}
    spokl.!n bl.!causc I ti nd rhe >uppuwtion Lll Jd1r in the l<lll'll tl ari>c: t"
    rhirry-rwo rlhlu>anJ Jnllar., which h.: llll'l.!> t<l twu m..:rch.mt>
    rhar rraJ..: with yl.! t d id tll'<l rca>H1> m.tkc: e\'lJt:nrly ag.11r1>t 11.
    Fir>t hecausc he 11'<1> known t<l hal't! much 1\ILlf<.' in pn;,enr mun<: y .mJ
    land> rhan h is Jl.!bts C<l lllC unrn anJ !1<1 l.! nrry m J i,t-rainmcnr hearcl .>11
    upun hb unmovable, which <ICt.:LJrJmg CLl rhc: pr,lC<.' of dur cw11 n Llu,;ht
    w have: bl.!l.!n in the: C.l>e ni J.:bt. S..:conJly w th.: Empl.!n1r h..: krhl\1 n
    to ha1e L111'l.!cl l1Llthing 11Llf l.!v..:r w h.II'l.! pur him in any ,,t, e l;1r
    CLlals anJ n1lll\l, and it W<b 11llt hi> tllaJl.!>ty'> mannl.!r en l<l llLlll' the
    actions oi his own subjl.!Ct>, being prince and prucur;Hur Lll hr> p!.!uple.
    Od1l.!ro saiJ rh.H the Duke oi Bav.ma ..::-. cuninmg rh.: g1lJmaker ' ''
    Venice {whum h.: executed at rhl.! 25 ,lf April) h.: c<mfc ,..,J
    unw him rhar h!.! We!> in nne lc:.1gu.: wirh tllr Kdly wh1..:h the:
    Duke: signifying h l rhe Emper,lr ,huukl d!.!sirc in l..:rrl.!r tLl h.1ve hu11
    imprbond. Of thb I can ndth..:r tinJ rhe f.1beh,,uJ l1L>r rrurh.
    A rhirJ gJV<.' rhat Mr Dy!.!r ha,! hr<lughr unto hun rh..: Qu..:..:n\
    lerrers to call him hnm..:, which CLlll1ll1g w the Emp.:mr\ car> JnJ l11'
    MaJl.!sty ro htnJer it, impn>cmmenr ll'a> thought f,Jr the pre,..:nt
    time a go.lcl mean> t<l sr,1y his departure anJ he nughr hl.! rall....:J
    furrhl.! r wirhal. l takl' t<l have: b.: ... n ><HIIc ui h1, in.:nJs' 111\' c: nthlll
    m still rhc: peLlpll' from rhe <lf him. Whl.!thc:r P }er
    br,1ughr them m no, I cannot oay. Tht! Fr..:nch agent h.h 11 llh >t
    con.ranrly unto me as likewise char the Empernr was Cl.! rt iheJ <>t tr. .-\
    J ocror's ,.m in rhe t<lll' n t<1lJ me, h!.! kn..:w the Quc<.'n'> hanJ .me! r .. .. J
    rh.: lerrers kll'ing Si r Phtlip SiJncy >omcriml.! in Engl.mJ h\
    wh,J>e ml.!an, he came: tu rhe >ighr oi >uch rhmgs. I J ar..: ndt t ..
    believe it, rill I hear further grnunJs of trut h, b.:cdltS<.' bemg lerrc:r, " '
    s<.'t.:r<.'cy, t-.lr Dyer a gend.:man of rar.: J i,cr..:ti<11\ \l'nuld hav<: h.mJI... J tt
    so as rhl.!y shoukl n<lt hal'l.! cume (,,nh, ar bl.!en knuwn th.H he
    bn ng d1..:m which might endangt!r him,df. Till c.:rtai n aJvrce I wdl [..,IJ
    lhl.! opiniun rhar Sir EJward Kdly <H ><1\ll..: rime <1r other , aumc:J ,,,
    t.Ibk nr in hb cunvl.!r>atiun wirh other>, rhar rh..: Queen ha> >t: nt 1. r
    hi m he is a man who r,tkl.!s as I h!.!ar a pl.:a>ur..: in >pc.1kmg th . .t
    prin.:cs Jc:si rl' him.) Huw>ol.!v.:r ir bl.!, ir i> likdy in rhb mu.:h 1,,
    hurt him, rh.: Emp..:rur hdng auredly iniurm..:J rhar h..: l> ><.:lH ,,,r.
    Thl' inurth all<.'gt!J was char h.: haJ m h is rahll.! ... n pt:t 11 ""'
    ,,.,1rds agai n>t rh..: Emper,lr, anJ rhc: P .. 1ples which is rhc >l'C111J ,,,nul)
    of B,lhl'mia who being thl.! <l lJ l.!n<.'mi<.'> of rh..: Ro:mbl.!rks ancl b..:mg tht>
    the principal oitic.:r. of that cl> onl.! a pn1y Lllun..: dl . r.
    ()() t-.1\'STICA.L t-. 1ET.-\L ( ) f G()L[)
    .llllHh.:r m.t, r.:r ,,f rh.: cmm, ,1 rhirJ LmJ c>tticcr, J fllurrh ,,f rh.:m pre:>i-
    JeiH in rh..: appdLni<m, h,11 prc1mleJ wirh rhe tu hJ1o:: him
    impn:>on..:d; so under pretence of rublic ju:>ticc, [() their uwn
    pri1are quarrds uptln rhe Ro:mberks who have burh d1e setters up
    of Sir EdwarJ Kdly and the principal maintainc:: rs oi him hitherto.
    The:: tifrh reporr was th.1r his Majesry having lung had a rh rubbi ng
    .,f the heart (:t, it wen.: an hereJrrary di:>easc:: from his father who J ieJ
    uf ir) by wh ich he ialls into a swoun, Sir EJwarJ Kdly J isri lkJ an
    uil inr ir which being :><.:nt unt<l the Emperor and Sir EJward's ..:nemies
    heing by per:>uacled h is Mdjesry it was appointed rn puison him. Proof
    was mad.: of rh..: in ir and ir wruughr rhe ettl:cr of poisun. Sume
    :>aiJ, the throbbing of the hearr was given forrh fm a colour [l) hide a
    1\lllre infamtlU:> J1:>ea:>e which I leav..: in J oubr. The circum:>tances bear
    ,hrewJiy about ir, rh..: oil I:> :>aid hl havl! had rhe virrue of acting in
    favour, ur orhenvbe, accurJi ng w the quantity, which for an inward
    clbea:>e suuncls :>clll\ell'har impmbably.
    The ld:>t rea:>on uf his imprisonmenr wh ich I cuulJ by any means
    recei ve was rhar h is Majesty rhrec Jays before hi:> Jeparrurt: :>houiJ have
    :>enr ior him t<l makt: proof ,1! his art ar rh<! c. 1urr which one Scorro an
    Italian haJ d babbl h un in. 1\lr Kdly returned ans11er he was sick and
    nur lung after tied. Ht: was taken on rht: secund of May ar Sobeslav,
    rwdve miles frcll\\ Prague, a wwn bdunging ro Peter, Earl of Ro: mberk,
    a" he was in h b juurney tull''trJ William, Ea rl of Ro:mberk. Ar first he
    re,ist..:d rhc ,1fticer making answer he was a ciri:en of Boh<!mia and a
    wuncillor of stare. Hb thght \l'cb objected ro him which he JenieJ and
    callcJ it only a ,. i, iring ut h b patron the Earl which he might J o eid1er
    secretly nr A cuuricr wa:> despatchc:J in posr ro rhe ClUrt to
    know the Emperor\ will whcl commanded hi m ro be bruught w his
    Ca, rl e Pi.irgl ir: :>ituare duel! mile:> from Prague. Mr Oyer wa:>, as I rake
    it, <ll1 the 2 uf l\ lay ' c:nr f,lr up to rhe court with rht: :>I!Crc: tary and
    an<lther CllUtKillor c.mJucti!J him in goc)J convenienr :>Ort home
    lgain. The :>ccrcrary I :>pake withJ I afterward:> who commt:nJeJ him for
    his grave behaviour and answers .mJ aJJeJ this praist: uf him that h e
    haLl ,,1 great a grace in courtesy, as non 111lo moJo par refene.
    Thuse were hb words.
    Whar will be rhe condu:>i<ll1 I kn<lll' nut. The ankm b k :>e-m,ljesry
    11 hich the Emperur inrenJ s. Tu have him openly ext:cureJ there b nu
    fea r, bccause rhc: Earl 1f Ro:mherk wi ll earne,rly inrerpo:>e him:>df, anJ
    in B,lhemia it is a r ule rhar his Majest y dares do noth ing wirhuut rhe
    Earl ', cunsent bc:i ng burgrave of Prague, the immediJ t e person and ofticer
    undcr rhe crown. If di t'i..:rcnce :>hould arise between them, rhe Emperor
    ha, cause t<l rh mk upon his mvn ,ecurity, matters going not so as the
    pe<lple would, in regiment wh,, wair upun such dn occa,ion w work
    n change in the ' t<He. Se.::rcrl y in rhe ca,d e it may be June anJ the Earl
    thl t know otherwise than rhat he lives or is dea,l by dise;I, C, almo:>t grown
    nuw w b..: a commun practice in t hl! Empire, and rh<! Palatine specially
    l '
    n<ltcJ rh.tr way. Th1, I kdf 1' etth..:r J,111c <lr wtlll c J, H'-' H, ..
    :>ervanrs , h,tll nl dnuhr be :>Ct ,H ltberry, un.: ,11' them I hc.1r \\,b r.t.:> ..eJ.
    Mr Oyer ar his r..: turn t'rum rhe cuun where he m,tde hi:> .ubll'cr b.:r<>r.:
    the counciii<Jr:> wa" n<lt fully free a, far a:> I cuuiJ hear by tht: Frt:lh:h
    ag..: nr'" means. .
    l r wa:> , 1 great cw"" rh.1r kept me trum l\lr Dyer, Echl ,\rJ Kdl \.
    and rh..: r.::>t oi rh..: Englbh. The aniun b.:mg rreJ:>Un d rew t.he \\ huk
    naulln into Jealuu:>y and ior my parr I had r.Hher be :>pcGJlllr ,,f ,1 rrag.:J\
    rhan an acror. Neirht:r inJceJ C<JuiJ I wdl cume airer tht: apprt:hen>llll1
    ro eirher rhe sigh t or :>pt:ech of rhar hon,lllrabk gentleman . In Prague I
    founJ the stare uf the Empcrur's coun mlh.:rwbe quier anJ :>t ill , n<l pec ...h
    of any m.trnage with Spain which wa" :>tirnng Au:>triJ, 1\t.ln\ urn.:c>
    void by dedth of great men ldtd y as t he Earl ut T ri vul>e, m,t,rer ut the:
    hnrse, rhe Lc1rd uf T rt: nriane , 1 Ccluncillo r Ll f the: privy ch.unher, the: L rJ
    of Oierrich, te in, mJ:>ter lit the court, rhe l'ice-chancdl.u ,mJ <lthc:l >,
    gr..:ar way for prdermenr and whc)le suit mJJ e f,lr it and <ll1e re;bun t', 11
    all, hb 1\l aje:>t y is no go1J pdyma:>ter \I hich make" mcn we.u y <ll rhc
    timt:. Th<! <li the Emper<>r':> b..JJ\ b lardy ch.mgeJ .mJ he:
    is grclll'n very far rhc>ugh it :>et:meJ unto me rathc:r puffed up rh,m tirm
    ll<!sh how:>Llever they call it at rhe court.
    The <llTe:>t created a :>en:>ati<ll1, anJ new:> ,Jf ir :>p rc,\J r.1p1LII y. Burgh le: \ rL(L 11 LJ
    a rt:p,)rt frum Rob..:rt SiJney, the governnr of Flu, hing, Jat.:J tv!Jy 22 1 5'.11. "I
    had letters lardy from Aug,burg rh.1t the grcar Italian alchenH:>_t Br<tg.tJm1 h . J
    about a munth agLl h b head cur c>l'i at 1\ lunich by the Duke <lt 13,\\'ariJ' ,
    mand ment anJ rhat abour tht: ,,un..: time Kell y h.d thclUghr tll h,l\'c tlc:J hut
    was brought back anJ ir is th<l Ughr tht: re he will run rht: ,,\11\ e rac..: th.Jt rh.:
    other J iJ" (SP 84/-H, Col. 68).
    'Junt: 4, 1591, a repurt came trc1m 1\Lmhew G rcetl>llllth:
    In my l.1>r letter I ll'f<ltc: you th.tr a fri enJ ,1f mmt: wr,1re me tr,lln l'r.'-"'
    that Kdly and Mr E. Dyer, <lr as he wrme an Englt,h gcntletn.m, l.:ut.,
    suddenly departed tn 11n there w,1, po>t ha:>teJ a iter anJ ' rayeJ I \\ .:h.:
    miles from Prague where rc: maining three Jays rh..: Empemr'" ple.t,ul'
    were bmughr from rhert: and carri<!d to a ca>tle prbcmer:> in Bllh.:llll.
    Kelly's cunning being J oubreJ anJ hi" practiLt: lung :>u,pecrecl.
    Th.: 2nd of this munrh I had news frnm a iriend at Colugne tl. ... t
    rhe 29th April last wa:> hanged at Prague an Engl i:>hman " '
    great reputation by rhe Empernr ... accu:>..:d and cnnJemnt: J lur J11 et
    matters uf treachery. So rhar I can nut juJge 1t nob,1Jy but Kdl). Th,r,
    was abo anorht:r hanged with him on a new pair nf gJll<lll:> , ,, ,;rc: .l
    height and rhc chain whert:wirh the prindp.1l wa, h.mgeJ ,1ir"r he I\ ..c
    strangled 11 , h m er all anJ o\'er tht: gallow:> cnpper ..:L. .. n-
    hanged and hurrons, rmgs with such likt: na1led on rh<! gall, m,, 11 hdl..:r
    th<!y were made uf purpo:>t: ur of Kdly's cuunrerft:iring I knuw n.>L. 1 :-P
    8 L/7, ful. 28)
    1...IF G1...ILD
    it rurn.:cl tll h.: .1 l.1bc r.:p" n - w.b h.mgc,l, it w,1, n<lt Kdl y. Bur
    rh.: threat >liLh a l.n.: t,u him.
    W.:hb.:"" wa, wirh ktt.:r, frum \.}uec:n Eli:ab.:rh to
    en,ur.: the <lf Dy.:r, whll was ltl h.: unJ.:r htlUS.: Wchb.:
    repurr.:cl b.tck ttl Burghky, June 26 (Briti>h Lthrary, /\IS Lm.dt lll' ne 68, ntl. 93,
    tds. 110-11):
    lt 1> f, u .1 rrurh rcptn.:J rh;H :Str E,lward Kdly wa, .IC<:U>cJ h\ on.: ::).;,mu
    l<l rh.: Emp.:rur. Tho.: lt"hi, un.:..:rwin, )<!t ><>me r.:purr
    11'01> h.: >huukl tl poi>lll1 rhe Emperor, anJ mh.:r, that it
    h1r J...:ht. Up,m which hb the Empo.:rtlr >ent li.>r him duke
    S1r EJwarJ Kdly always excusing him,dt rhar he wa, nur wdl, anJ
    11llL Bur rhar night he h.tJ wmd ar miJnight char hc ll'a> ro be apprc-
    h.:n. k,l the n.::-.r ll1l>rt1ing, anJ s, > in>tanrly ckparrcJ with on.: man ro-
    warcb rhe Lurd R,1zmherk. The no.:xr Jay somewhat early rho.: Emperor
    >enr hi> fur hun in number wh,J brought with rh.:m nm only
    ch.un> ur lcner> hur ir.ms nt rorruro.:. AnJ tincl ing rhat he was Jeparro.:J
    they >e.trched ht, hou,c, br,>ke open his dnnrs, rhru>t rheir halberds
    thruugh hb bed, tlr in any place wh..:re ir mighr be suppl>ed he might
    he hicl, apprchcnclll1g hi, hrurhcr and using much viuk:nce, in kadin"
    hi m ro pristll1 pinnacle_! like a rhiel, ancl rhere lefr in chains wirh all
    re,r nf his ><.:rvanr . AuJ a gre,n guarcl wa> l.:ft uvcr rhc LaJy Kdly and
    lr Dyer, who since has <llhwcrcJ objections as has heen laiJ ro
    him di\'cr> time, anJ as I hear rhrico.: in <me day, yer now 1 hear rhar Mr
    Dyer is mure enrreareJ anJ is in antlther llldging wh..:re he
    gle> n<1t nur: neither can I certify unr.1 yc1ur htmllur rhdt he is re>tramed,
    >hall 1 be ablo.: tcl certify unrn your hllnuur of rhe particularities
    ut Dyer's rr,luhlc umil 1 . hall have >puko.:n wirh hi mself.
    Bur ru pmceed with Sir EJwarJ Kdly's apprchetbilln, a, I co.:r-
    t.unly unJer,rand mtlrc rhu . Departing early he wenr , ix mile_,

    the LnrJ Ru:mberk rn a certai n t<ll\'11 un,ler hb jurisJicrion


    where he bei ng weary anJ without su,pecr he ro.:po,.:J him,df afrer cli 1mer
    un a heJ and >kpr. In which rime rhc: Emperur', guarJ, enrerecl, took
    hun, entreareJ hun l'cr',' ill, cm his clnublcr open wirh a knife,
    and rulJ hun they were by the Empernr's cununanclmenr ro carry
    huu back agam, de.tJ or alive, they careJ lWC, anJ >O pri,oner.:J
    he carrieJ ag.1i n t<l a casrle abour of tivc: mile, from Prague,
    where he I> closely kept, withllut any manner tlf access m him. Bur he
    J'l\l\"ecl rhar he was going m rhe Lord R,1:mberk anJ rhar rhe LorJ
    Rll:mh...:rk fllr hun anJ rh.H he wa, expecreJ ar the >ame rime by
    rhe LorJ Rtl:mberl... At whi.:h rime rhe LorJ Ro:mberk was sick which
    L<l ll>t:cl him ro he ><.Hnewhar l.mg ere he ro the ca.rl c in which
    time Sir Edwarcl Kdly'> lanJs anJ gtKxb wero.: ><.:i:eJ rhe Empcmr's
    behalt: _bur ' mco.: the LtJrJ Ro:mberk's coming all his men were enlargeJ,
    hun,cll bener cntreareJ, 11n ly JepriveJ of his liberty anJ t'rienJs.
    I '
    Smce whl.:h ( tme a. 1 ,1., l<.:.trn ::).: .. llll hun,dr I ' tkcl , ... 1' n. ...
    can " I)' hnw ur whirher. Farther ar rhi, tune I c:mnur wnre. But J, , ,,td
    rhi, lcner tl Y<lllr lorcbhip by a gendem.m <>ne ,1t S1r K.:ll .
    men and wa, pri.uncr .unong,r the re>! rhe ,,1111e anJ perL..
    1

    can certify your hunuur nlllre at large ell .1ll ..: hnho:nll p.t>,<.:-1.
    Th.:re b mnrc inf,mll.ll lt>n in krrer fr,Hil Thlllll.l> P.1gc, tn rt.,
    Public Oftice under July 2, 157o, rhtlLigh 11\ Hn rhe e1 cnt> , le,.:ni..:J d,,
    b ck.1rly 1591 (SP 12/I Oo, tul. 119). FrcHII thl, a.:ccHIIH n etne1ge, tlt . r
    rhere haJ been anempt> ttl iiWtlh-e "S1r EdwarJ Kdly rhc hun r.
    be a iavourcr uf the arrempr ,Ji a true di,cmer, t'c>r Chin,t ur the N,mh
    E.1,r parr lltherwt,e calleJ C.1th.1y, 11 hich enr..:rprl>e ur hun greatly .._,,m-
    lllenJeJ, bur nnt allowing rh.: weakne .. of the .trrempr, per. uaJed rhe
    .mJ it became ro be >ll>penJed upun berrer ddiheranun, .tbn ht> tlll n >edl.l
    hu,II1C>S, for d1e bo.:tter iurrhermg rherenf in tun.:." h 11". 1> .>!k 1
    rhu,e .chem<.:s tlf explor<tli<m anJ tr.tJe 111 which Dee haJ h.:en 111\'<lh cd. PcrL.q,
    the Engli,h ru Jraw on Kdly's new fnund w..:alrh t<> 111\"e>t in lt. Ru..l .. lt\
    ,u,picion> char Kclly was >till Jealmg wtrh rhe Engli,h I> an.! the
    , peeJ wirh whkh Page gur tlUt uf Prague rhing> m.1y n<ll h.1\"e l'n:n
    utterly abuvc board. Page otto.:rs anorhcr ,lf the re<l ><m fur Kdly', .1rro1.
    "Lies here very fir mHter ro allege fur gl1ing ro the L>rd
    ..1 co:ening by .1 Pmrmg.1l la Purrugu.: ..:l wnh certain cup> <l l. pult,h.:J
    horn resembling agate, anJ ,,,lJ agare by rhi, , ,uno: Ptlrltng.tl ttl Str E. K. t.
    the value nf 14 rhou>anJ Jullar>, rhc on..: lulf where.1t Sir E. K. p,ud hun, the
    resr robe paid wirhin a ,h,>rt wh1ch rune .:xp1reJ rhc Purring.tl cl..:nunJe.t
    payment bur Sir E. K. J..:fcrreJ him, for rh.tr he perceiveJ rhe pill[ laiJ L<l ,I.: ... ..: I\.._
    him, whi.:h n<.lt ycr npe 1\'oukl n,H t"e,tr L<l prcm.: 11, expecrmg rh.: Ctlllllng ul rl.c
    LorJ Ro:mbcrk tll the rnwn, whu in he i, l'ic.:ruy Joc> J ct..:rmmc . 11
    c.mrrover>k> in rhe kingcl, un, rhc Purring.1l imp<l rtuneJ hi, p.tym<.:nr. :S1r E. !..:
    Jelayed him, sri l1 expecting rhe Ltlrd Ro:mberk ( <l lllmg, fllr rhat rhe1r term ""
    rhen w be ht>IJcn, wht> falling ,ick came nut. This paymo.:nr was urg.:J ,ull 1'
    1
    rhe Porringal in rhe cnJ by rhe m.:am of rhe Spanl>h amb.l:.<><iJnr .mJ rh..: . .t
    leg.1re. The Emperor WJ> ptl><><.:cd wnh rhe Poningal's plaint, anJ a, Str E. K.
    ll'a> cerriticcl, haJ granro.:J ro >end fur him with >Umnwth, 1r ,h,Htld >t:en. Le
    prevented by Jerarring bcf,lre it .:am<.:, ha,rening ro rhe LurJ R, :mherl.. r,
    CtHnplain him of his wr, mg, bur rhi, rhc least nt many ag.Hlb t l1t<1
    .:onrrary whereof rhe Lord R,1:mherk had prtHni,eJ by <Mth 11 hen he tir,r c>t.d -
    lbhcJ him wirh rhe Empemr."
    Page goes on Ccl give aur<liKe char Ru.._f,>lt" h.tJ inJeeJ l..: dl
    1
    hi, uhjcCt, a knight tlt the Em1)ir..: 11nc of pri1y .;,Hm,d, 11.,
    truth where, If i> 111.1[ almost with any in England. l:- ut I 1. . 1 c
    rhis rea.on tcl lead me char ir b true by an incklenr rhar h.tl' l' '-'ncJ . r .
    banquet whither it ple.beJ Sir E. K. ro carry me with htm, 1-<lr D) er ..d.,
    pre>ent, by the >ecretary 11( the Emperor, whu .:oming in rh..: l.tter .:n.l
    theret>f, >aluted .1l1 the company bur ntH Sir E. K., bur b.:.;.> n L> r ..... e
    1\1) Lj()LI)
    c:-.ccpt1.>11 rh.11 he: be: llhH'<.: rc:g,ucl.:,l with S1r E. 1(. in th.1r
    he: ha,! ci<>J h' hun a in rhe quick cllop;Hch ,,( Ll mart.: r 11hich pa"..:J
    h1, pla..:e b.:ing o..:-=rewry, 11 h..:retd Sir E. K. an:.wereJ rhar in that he
    >l>uglu t<l teach him manner,, he Ct>ulJ nt>t be opJn:cl, hut muor reil him
    he: diJ hut his Juty tu the Empc' l'<>r. The marr.:r :. rill aggravareJ wirh
    111.111y t her ll'l>rJ, hy the ><.:cn:: r.1ry, Sir E. K. bad..: hun remember he
    opake ft> .1 Cc>uncilldr ,,f the Emperur, with ouch urher clignitieo
    n;lmecl, n<>r he knllll' it wirh rhc price ,,f his life in rheoe expreos
    \''< or,b (If nut ) per Jeum a..: rum ..:or de re, whereupun rhe oecretary tl..:d
    rhe table. The Emper, lr acqu;linre,l herewith, rhe secretary was
    chaotio.:d .m,l re..:uncd..:J himoelf r,, Sir E. K., all which I 11 rite in contir-
    mdriun ut rhe trurh that rhe Emper,>r ha, gra..:e,l him with theo..: Jignirieo
    ol huntlur. But yer within this busineoo there was, as ;1fter appeareJ,
    purpt>oed pr.Kt ice b1 rhe o<.:..:retary tu draw him Within ..:ompas, of rreaonn,
    1nt.muing as ir b hy their law:. treason for any llf rh..:m w report rhe
    meermg u.t caber in CllUIKi l, and rhe oe..:r..:rary aokcd him ar his tiror
    lll<.:<.:ting il he knt.:ll' him 1_wr, wh,.l knew him no utherwiot.: bur by meeting
    hun m_ cuuncd, 11 hich, if h.: haJ .:xpr.:ss.:J, he haJ been wirhin compass,
    hur rh1, nut grllll'll1g currenr it ohnulJ o.:em they han: pracrao.:J oclme
    orh.:r Cllll roe_ t< l hun within breach of rh..:ir !Jws, by colnur whereuf
    th..:y nughr turce trcl m him 11 hat G,x! ha, bleos<.:J him wirh I mean the
    phi lu><lph.:r'o >r,m.: which h .: p' >oseooc:. wirhnut qu<.:otiL>n t< 1 ;he contrary,
    wuh kn,>ld.:, lg.:, it G,,J ,h,>ulJ permit, h.: is ab!.: ro perfect all
    rh.: unpert..:cr m..: ral in the world, which f!1r my part I J,l nut at
    at hur huiJ ir _1,_ a t:arural secrt:t which GuJ 1\:seneJ t<l be imparted
    Ull[tl the rru.: tanht ullahourers and Jdightt:!J in hio W<lrk nllt ddighring
    the ,,-,,rlJ bm LLllHemplating his Jivini ry .mJ unoearc:hahle works.
    Th..: fugg<.: r h.111king ht>uoe a!,,, carefull y uwnnured the cas.:. GulJ manut;Ktur-
    ing tuuch..:,l Llll th.:ir pmf..:ooilln;d inter..:sr;. May 8, 1591, '-1 C<HTeopunJenr re-
    J1<lrte,l Kdly's arrest anJ impri oonmenr: "H.: was n,,r l!\'<:: n alluweJ a breaJ knife,
    ll'as taken all'ay. His o..:n;uHs arc still h..:r..: under reorrainr. Bur hi,
    11'11.: anJ <l ther wum.:n ar..: kept under arrest ar hume. It wuuld appear that thcrt:!
    ., ><>m..:rh mg hdunJ .1 11 rh is, wc Jo nllt yer know what." A letter un May 14
    rl-p<> rted "Th.: Englbh akhemior whu has r.:c.:nrly been taken tll Ptirglir: as a
    pno<>ner, tu h.: in rht: Jeprho llt Jespair rht:!se latter Jay, retuoeJ
    tu parrake ot t.,,,d, ,,, that it reareJ h.: might die." Ther.: were further lt:tters
    un tvl.:l Y 1_, Jun.: 10, an,! July 2, the latter reporting rhar Kdly was imprisuneJ
    '_nth_ <llr bur that wha..:h Cllllh.:o rhrnugh a hul..:, thmugh which ht: can reach
    lt>r h1s bi t hy bit .... On <.:xamining rhe accuums ofR,l:rnberk it wao founJ
    rh.1r tht:! Engliohman h.1J Cll>t him <ll'er three hunJred rh,lusand lr is
    mu:mg thar theoe nublcmen haw alllllved them:.eh-es tll be ,lup..:J in ouch a
    ta:. hllln. He IS satd t11 have cusr the Emperur near l.ln a rhuu>;md Rhenish
    guilJt:!ro."''.;
    _ Dyer ll".ls ;dl,,ll'e,lt, > return t<1 England with Web he in July 159 1. D..:.: notes
    Ill 111, d1ary, July 28, Dyer oent me by Mr Thumao Webbe," anJ
    l
    July 30, ''rec,mcili,Hi<Hl bcrw,en tvlr Dyer .mJ me ><ll..:mna:eJ rh..: .11-r em,,_,,, , i.
    FriJay, and LH1 S.11urda1 (rht:! 3 br) .dl Jay rdl Ill\ g<ling by !Fcnt.m: L . t
    at Mr Webbe\ llJJging at Rnchcsrer Huuoe" (PO, 38-9; 253).
    Meanwhile Kdly l.mgubh..:J in priocm. In V Mm Ru: mberk J1.:J.
    1\'ao now without his prime pmrecror. The gL1\'ernment cunrmucJ t.
    maintain ,m inr.:reot in the Chriotopher Parkm, rt:!poneJ ba..:k l<l Sir
    Cecil, Burghlt!y'> oecunJ >llll, who W<b nuw running inrdl ig..:nce <lperau,nb, tr.
    lerrers uf July 18 anJ 20, 1593 (SP 81/7, HO, 113-0:
    Of I tine! h.:re in Pr.1gue rhr..:e <l[111ll<llb. The llrol 1> th.r I"
    makt:o n.:1tht:!r g<1IJ, neither in truth rranomutattlm ut metab, hut nl\
    that he ha, a n..:w ran.: kind uf jugglmg, whereby he oedut.:..:o >lllllc Wl>e
    mt:n tll bdit:!v.: what is llllt, <b Clll1lllhlll juggler> decl!i\'t:! ClHHlliLHl 1''-''Plc:
    think rhis dpini,m tOll auorerc, l!otet:ming that he tn"
    tr<momurati<lll ,lt merab y<.:t in ouch ><lrt rhar he thereby looo anJ nu
    cllmmoJiry. The ground uf rhb llpini<m is th.1r he ha, be.:n appr.:h.:nJc J
    for wh..:rt:!by he io .:oteem..:J ro want ancl h.ll'e need.
    Others abu think rhb optniLm uf litrl.: anJ rh.:y .:oreem d .. ,,
    Kdly can du what ht: wilL And that thb ohow ut need an,! 11 .111 t 1>
    unro him I'Oluntary anJ nLH nece,,ary, oranJmg upon general PlllH <>I
    rt:!purari,m anJ cunrempr ut Jross. Men ,,f this Llpininn be acc,Jum,-J
    oimple. AnJ rhooe b.:;r mt:n about the Emperllr bt:! ,,f the oe..:unJ <>('1111.-11
    This much ,,f his opi ni,m.
    Thi, b hi> stare. After he ha,[ heen pn11eJ t<> d.dl1 wHh J..:ll d,, 1
    grc.1t imporranc.: ohllll'ing that he had will tu buy llllll' L>i un.:, anJ n. 11
    ui anL>tht:!r, raking them upon t.:redit, and p.1wning them lLl the jcl\ o h>r
    preot'nt money, anJ redeeming sometime, the jewd, Llt l1ne With the
    jewdo of another t:!ach one urgd him, and rher.:by givmg ><lme .:.on-
    tent tu e.1..:h one at oundry tim.:s, by tht:!ir jt:!web in h1o
    forthcoming, ar the length somt:! gor their jt:mds imm him again, urh.: ro
    whose jt:!wt:!b lay irreJ.:emable with the Jewo, urgeJ him tu tht!lr urr.: r-
    mosr, and at the l.:ngrh being withLlUt oati, facrkm rh..: y
    plained tu the Empt:!rur whu calleJ Kdly hdure him. He t:xcu,eJ ham, '-I!
    by sicknt:!os, yet in tht:! night he ruwarJ Ru:mberk, anJ at
    thllughr tll oeek remedy tu uphold his crt:diwro.
    The Empt:!rur t0rrhwith had inrdligence rhar hio cxcuoe Lll
    not oincer.:, whereupon adJoining ><1111.: off.:ncco that h.d p .
    bef,lrt:!, the Emper,lr St:!nt to apprt:!henJ him in hb voyag.: , rho.: whiCI1 11 ,,,
    accorJingly. And Kdly apprebc:nJeJ wao by rhe
    order led tu the castle calleJ PlirglltZ four miles trom Pr.1gue, 11 her.: [._.
    b now derain..:J .
    The f0rmer ,,ffence i:. rhao. l(dly ha\'mg maJe many pr,k.t- . 1
    nll gai n, haJ m;iJt:! a Slllemn prombe lung :.ince ,,fa granJ pr,,.,r rh.:
    which should ht:! with Cat:!,ar', great aJ\anr,lgt:!, bur delaymg thllll tllll<.:
    tu time about tht:! dfect ir wao agreed of a pt:remptury Jay, and rh.1t
    than once, Kdly ever failing anJ tinJing sumt:! gent:!ral ol<.:evd..:oo t.: hu'"

    1-
    )f ul)LI)
    )cl C.t.:,.li in the 11\c.tn ,..:,t>,>n ch.:n, h..:J .mJ C<lumcn;tn..:o..:cl huu ll'dl,
    J.nly .lncl more hy tht, g,,,,J J <!al111g .:nu>urag..:J to stJncl up.m
    P<linr, ul r..:put.Hi<ln, y.:r n.Hhing p.:rform.:J of him ,JCcorJingly, sn
    rhJr rhi:. drclo..:r ,,( ll . .:nc.: juin.:J with rh<! :.uir ,,f hi:. cr.:cht<lrS, anJ his
    J..:dining, has been rh.:: eau:..: Llf hi:. tmpri:.lll1lllcnt. AnJ Ca.::.;H
    ,,t"f..:r, him ht:. ..:nl.1rg..:mcnr pr..::..:nrly when he has maJe his grancl proclf.
    He :.rancling upun hb r..:putati<Hl, answers rhat he ll"il l ncH ,,, Jisgracl!
    hi:. cunning td m;ll..c any pr,,of until he be full y .1r libt:rt\. So ht: remains
    in h,,IJ upun the:..:
    1\ ul..ttl' r.:puno..:J th.lt ht, cam..: ft\>111 the cmpct"<lr', c.,uncdl,,r,. The
    (llunctllllr> abo :.lhl\\'cJ him a lcn..:r Kdly
    oai-1 her 1\"l"ut.: unru him, wh..:rcm he 11".1, ro..:quir..:J r11 cnme hllme
    .mJ ,tJ,;mcc hi, 111\'n unmrry ll"ith hi, , kdl, ll"ith divers prumi,e,. In rh.:
    ,,1me lcrrer they saiJ tltcre ll'cre Ct:rtain wurJ:. ll"ritrcn with her 1\lajc, ry's
    <llrn h.mJ, the 11 hid1 they , hllll"l.:d unt1llllc, anJ requiri!J of me if I coukl
    gi1..: ,If rhe111, :.ignttying if Kclly cliJ intcrprer rhem t<ll much
    t<l hb AnJ at lcngrh they requireJ ,11 me in the Emperor's
    it I cnuld gt1e any acc,,um of the Jimini, hing of <lilt! of his cars,
    ur ut his g11oJ <H. evil hd1avk1ur in EnglanJ. Whereunto I an:.wereJ, that
    I might ,eem an untit man tLl t.1lk of Kelly wirh,lut some atfccriun, whu
    h.ts ,,, gncnJu:.ly <lllcl fabdy Lltl<!ndi!J me, \'l!t :.erring a:.t..lc all pa,:, ion,
    being rl!quired in the name '1f such a munarch, I WLluld rder what I
    knew .mly upon thc gruund ,,f comnwn rcpLl rt. An,l sn I did.
    Parkin, clue, n"r reprt what he ,aid in rc:.putbc ro rhe l!lll(1er-
    ''r, enqumes.
    B.tck in Englancl, PMI..ins IIT<>te l!nigmatically t11 Sir Roberr Ce..:il, Nmem-
    I 593, " Fur that I rh ink her 1\ wdl havl! no m.tJe of
    K..:lly' :. m.mer that is now cl<!a,l, I will arrcn,l the uccastun wcll to bury it. '"""
    . Kdly', clealings with rhe Pnrtuguc:.e jewellers arc abu reporreJ in a letter
    I rum Cocke,, July 28, _1593 (SP 80/1, 154) whu says hc passed on rhe
    m Parki n>: "I hncl by th,lse that ll'ere rhorLlughly a..:quainreJ ll'ith
    many ot his_ shifts, that rh.:_ phillJsuph.:r's stone has been nothing else rhan rhe
    ut 6,000 Juc..1r, lll the Baron of Ro:mberk, together 11irh ,m extraction
    ot_ certain jcll"eb ll'hich by the creJir h<! haJ by rhe L)rJ Ro:mberk h<! rook up
    <ll a an(l French uur of rhe which bdng pawn.::d w rhe Jews
    he Ja,tdleJ w the value nt 16,000 du..:ars, ll'hereof he melted many ancl sent
    the: wedges t' bl! :.okl m the goiJsmith, which ga1e such opinilm of his skill
    rhar ir was rhoughr thcr.: wuuiJ nut be leaJ enough in the cnuntry tor the
    uperat111n ol hts powder, and thus he li1c:J f,,r a while in libl!rry."
    J11>ef Sdrek an,l Vaclav Kaplicky, ha1c Kelly impri,-
    cmcd l1ll killing an nthci.d ,Jf RuJ,,It\ Clurt, Genrg or Jan llr Jiri Hunkler, in a
    clue! in 1591. Hunkler had bt:.:n inquiring ah,lut the cr,lpping of Kdly', ears.
    'l
    But Kaph..:k1 , n<ll'cl a, a '"'rl.. uf l"IHIUnu..: ti..: uun anJ nut ;;enLr ll\ lu,i
    call\ rdiable.
    1
    '\'
    Kelly now hc:gllb tu k.nurc in rhe ltt..: r.ary rcC:IlrJ. '" u .ahno..:l H.IIYC\ 11 r.t,-
    m Paerc/ s Supl.'raogmiuu (159 3), "I \\\mJerc:J t<> he.tr th.ar Kdly h.d ,:utll:li t k
    G,,IJ<!n Fleece, anJ by virtue thereof wa:. suJdenl1 a.h-an..:cJ lilt' ,,, hcHl.>ur . t I.
    rcpurariun with the Emperor', Maje,ty; bur ll'ouiJ have w.mJered nh,ro..: hl 1,_.,'
    :.el!n a work of >Upcrerog.ttion irom Na,h<!: whu,c: wir mu,r n<>t enter tho..: lt-t,
    of compMt>llll with Kdly', alchemy: he \HJu!J >l!elll t1l h,n..: tl._
    grl!l!n liun, .tnJ the tlying eagle in ;1 box. Bur Kdly wall_ baJ h11n lllnk r" tl.,
    swnll<!n maJ anJ the dancing fuul. Kdly killlW> hb lure lll wr,,klm, u,..:, Ll-
    rerms of arr."
    1
    '' Thuma:. N.t,he him,df refer> t<l Kdly 111 Hut<.' \\ 'l!h Y.," t
    Saffron-WalJm ( 1596). Lull and Paracebu, arc upllll, whtch prcl\ .. tt.,
    re:.pnn:.e, "Let him call up<lll Kdly, whn i, bt:ncr th.tn them b,nh; <lllcl r,,r
    ,pirits and ,oub of the ancient he h.t, them :.1_1 clu,..:.
    rhe fiery purg,tt<lf)" lll hb t"urnJce, th.tt tor the weJith <l l the I' m:,: 1ll ::>I'.Jtn >
    lndies, ir is nur po:.,ihl..: tll rde.t,e 1H" get the thirJ <ll ..1 nn <l l 111..: ,,r
    them tLl help any bur him,dt."
    101
    In Ben J1Hl>lll':. Th ... ( I o 10) ::-> ar
    Epicure 1\lammnn refl!r, ro Suhrle lllJn, rh..: ..:mpemr/lla, courr..:J, ab ..
    Kelly: sl!nt hi, medJb, / AnJ chain:., t> 111\'itc: hun" (Act 4, , cl! ne I, t>Y-Y I). '
    In Hudibra:; ( 1663), the Wm.:e,rcr:. hare puer SJmud Butler cat<.:> the intngu"
    between Dec and "Kdh, / anJ rh'Empcror" (2. 3. 237-8).
    1
    ,;
    Kdly was tinally -releJ,..:J by RuJolf. EJwarJ rep.mccl h., ... k t.
    EnglanJ fr,m1 Padua, July 3, 1593 (SP 85/ 1, fol. 158) _i, nllW no..:11:. th . .t
    Kdly i:. set at lib<!rty and in again, bur not ut Hllhctent creJtr untd
    the next pnst." SuliarJe's infonnariun may have bo..:cn premature. S..:pteml-..:t ).
    Abraham Faulkon wrotl! t"wm Bnhemi,l w Rich.lrll in LHKJ,ht re. .-\,
    wncerning Sir EdwarJ Kell y, his delivery hJ, hcen the 16th day ell" Ocr"l'..:r
    new style, anJ is in gnoJ h..:.tlrh, both fat and merry. Th,ltn<b Kdly tullk anc
    alung wirh him at Ld1en, where I wa:. three Jay> by ha, hmour, ,m,l rc..:..:11
    me vef)' courteously, and mu,r sit at rahk, b11th dumer an ..l ,upper, what ,:uc>t-
    >Lli!Ver hb honour haJ, anJ pnHni,ed whar,oever has n1>t bec:n J,m..: ht> h.n1llur
    wnuiJ dlJ. At my being at Lcbl!n, hi:. honour dtJ fi,h a p,mJ, anJ g.ll'e mo..: C:j
    store lJf ti,h hume with me ltkewi,e."
    1
    '"
    Pu:zlingly, this letter clarc:J September rct"er:. tll Kell y':. rdc:a:.e in ()cr
    Bur O<!e also gil"eS an Octllhl!r rdt!.bc: Jar..:: hi> cltary r..:.:,lfJ s "the 11<.:1\:. .. r ::-11
    Edward Kdly's liberty" on December 5, and he nor.:J 1t rerm,pccmdy t. 1
    October 4, 1593, old :.tyle, which C<lrrdarcs clu,dy with Faull..on', O.:tub,r I r
    new style: (PD, 46-7; Fenr<ll1, 262-3). O<!cl!mber 9, 1593 Scrh Co..:l.., rc('ullL-1
    from Padua, "Mr Kdly is Ji:.chargeJ of lu:. kmg imprisonmcnr anJ in gro..:Jt ... r.:J.t
    with the Emperor" (SP 85/1, fol. 163 ).
    On August 28, 1593, Burghley haJ J e:.pat ..: hcJ a letter tll Kd ly h1 .1 ._: , uflc
    called William Hall. The rl!corJ uf th<! cbpatch ,urvil"e:. in rh<! Cecd ..:dllcdt. a.
    at HatfieiJ, bur rhe conr..:nr:. ,,f the letter are unkn11Wn. It ha, bl!cn >Ll<::o'-'>t,..i
    thar William Hall w;a, an alias used by non<! other than Wi ll i.un . r..:
    on ,ecret ,..:nice wnrk, and that the me,sage inv.llved communic:.Hhllb tu 1--:..:l h
    7-f
    LIF GOLD
    in : ntl<.'l:tl111 11 llh th..: anllthl'r J,l,Hlli.:J .&ttl'mpr tu ..:r..:m.:
    .1 C.trh.d tc upn,tng in Britain. '"'
    Sir R,,hert Cedl ktJ a ,..:hem..: ru test rhe I<Jplry llt" L 1rd Strange,
    11 hll ,,.,b >U>pcct..:J Rnman Cath lt..: A l..:ner wa, w b..: sent ro
    him by H1l! ut" t h..: ..:xi kd papbr, li vi ng in Prague, calling for u Cad1,1lic
    If Strange faikJ Lo r..:purr the ll'rtt!r, hb cre,tchay cuuiJ he assume(!.
    had lxen livmg in Pragu..: fm three y..:ars; returning ro England
    '.n S..:ptemher he >tuppl'J at the Whi te Liun Inn in lslingtm on hi> way
    trl1m Prague t<l Strange's seat ill Lancash ire, anJ was given the lener by ".1\.lr
    Hi..:kman," Pi.l >>tbly Del''s funner skryer, Barrhnl<lmcw Hickman, <lr his brmho::r.
    Jdi1ered it to Strange whu r..:p>rted it tu the Queen.
    ill Ocrubcr, and hangl'J, , lrawn, anJ quan..:rl!J at Sr Albans un Nov..:m-
    h..:r 29.
    Sin..:l' K..:lly h,,, [ hl'l'n unJ..:r arre>t and in jJi l frum .1\.lay 1591 until miJ-
    0-: rub..: r 1593, hi, a..:ri1> parti..: ipatiun in the whl'ther a, c,lnspi ra-
    tl1r, pru1 car..:ur ' 'r intunno:r, is unltkdy. The namc:s of Kdly, Lady Kdl y, anJ
    ht, hruth..:r Thumas ..:o: rrainly ren1r in il'tll:r> inrer..:..:pred in rh.: o:nsui ng invo:sti-
    g.mon. They wer..: clearly acqu<t im..:J wirh parricipants in thl! cun>piracy. Bur
    there ,, nHhmg tu any dire..:t im'llvl!menr by them in the affair.
    Oct.1bo:r 15, 1593, Ri..:har,J Hesk..:th wrut..: fr,lm impri,onm..:nt tl LorJ
    Cohham <lr Sir Rub..:rr C.:..:il: "Bt!>iJ..:s it were conv.:n ienr ro un .. ler,tand wh..:rh.:r
    lvlr unJ..:rsmnJ <lf my impri,unmenr ur nor, fur if ir be bruit..:d amungst his
    m..:n or t, ,[j, l.wers, rhcy will srraigh r wri te tu my Lady Kdly lr Mr Thomas Kelly,
    Ill resp.:o.:r >t that I tul.l yuur h,lllllUr the ut her Jay, anJ then rhe goiJsmith will
    kn,lw H, anJ he wtll rei l rhe Father Jesuit, anJ Jesuit the Cardinal, su >hall
    \'llUr ne1er h.1ve them, which wuulJ be a gr.:ar hinJrance ro the sari,fac-
    ri,n ot )"llu r hunour in my bdwlf. If Mr Dyo:r, nor have nothing, ir
    were g<md they shuuiJ Jhlt, und..: r \'<>ur Honuur', fa1uurs."100
    On De..:embc:r 8, 1593, a r.ril!>r in Prague, Thomas wr,lte
    tu Heskerh. In the .'lt his letter he remarked, "Our Lnrd >end us
    a Kmg, anJ some llhJre ..:umturr atrer >ll many surging wave,. Mr Thomas is in
    h.:alth. I have bo:en. wirh him rwi..:e. Sir EJward is at Leben, nut yet in his
    tl, lll'er. l'vlr Hamm,ln ts. b..:cnme a new man, and I hupe will continue. Commend
    me to \'<lUr g,1uJ b..:Jtdl,nv, thnugh una..:yuainteJ. I bc>..:ech you deliver my
    krrcr tll Mr Lcigh. Mr. Thomas may have been Thumas Kelly, Mr. Ha mmon
    may be J,>hn Hammund, (see note 130 inf.), anJ Sir Edward is certainly Kdly
    now at lthcrry on his Leben esta te. '
    . Stephens,m wrot..: tu Henry Leigh rhe same day. "Courte>y ..:ompds me t<l
    1\Tit..:, anJ our old ac4uainrance mll\'cs me continually tu rem..:mber you: I
    marvdleJ ut your S> ,uJden departuro: fr<1m us, without any further notifying
    Yllllr hut \"llU, I duuht nor, JiJ all fur the best, and so, a> I understand,
    tr has o ur, and wrute of you frnm Lo nJon, that you were become a goud
    >llhJcCt fnr the current tune. Hnwevc:r it be, no ralcs, nor talk nor Hying words
    make my wtll to shnnk, su lung as I live I will nnr leave Jearly on yuu to
    rhmk. I Je, tre hcamly tu se..: Y lU. Sir EdwarJ is ar Le hen and was delivered
    twu m,mrhs ag<l."
    110
    '
    , )
    l knry Lc:igh had >crved <b .1 cuuri..:r f<1r ber11c:..:n Bu rgh!.:\ ,Hh.ll', ll)
    .11<-i Dyer 1n Augu>t <)nJ Ocruber 1590. lodg111g \I'd> Wllnr Ill 1'..: Jbuul
    H ... lb<>rn bridge," t he Earl of 1-lunringdnn informed Sir Ce..:tl. '" H..: llld\
    11dl b.: rhe Harry Lee who Kdly an Jnnlllt)" ut furry p,1unJ, ,1 )c.tr,
    rd.c:rr..:d tu in Kdly's argument wirh De.: , June 29, I5o3 (TFR, 2S). lk"'o
    memioneJ in Sreph..:n,on's inrercepred corre>punJence Leigh c.m,iJ..:r-
    abk rroublc, and in December 1593 he 1\Tutc the carlot HunringJ, m an .tCl: unl
    ui acquaintance with Kdly and Srephenson ar the time nf Kdly\
    Fir>t, I, rh..: ,aid llo::nry, J u cunf..:, th,H ,,ft.:r I haJ lll"l!r>p<.:nr 1111 11-h .. k
    estate in Her .1\.lajesry', servic.:, wirhuut any rcc.unpen>e, and hy th,
    cause uf my furrune wa, dri1en t<l gu tu Pr,Lgue, tl> >eek >llllll! ta1 <lllf
    Sir EdwarJ Kdly, I did there , ee the >aiJ Th,Hnas 111 the
    company <>f unc RicharJ Tankard, an Engli,hm,m, who JiJ Jt,er t tm..:,
    to Str EdwarJ Kdly's hou,e. AnJ n.>r k1ng Jftcr rh..: ul
    Sir EdwarJ Kell y and all rhe Englishmen rhar wc:ro: rhen Jt Prague, ll
    w<b my dunce tl mec:t the satd Srephcn>ll1 upm Prague bridge, whl. rl.
    he began tll J i,uade me: frum that mdan..:h,lly who::rewirh ir >eem..:J '''
    him I wa, oppreeJ, otf..:ring unro me all [,we anJ >ervi..:e r,l sr..: al me
    in rhar >O Jangernus a rime for all Englishm.: n .... All whtch h,, C: >Ur
    te>y anJ otf..:rs nf ar rh.u rime I wa, l:<lm..:nt ru ac..:.:pr <lt, rh.:
    rarh..: r tor that Mr Dyer was then d os.: pn,un..:r, with wh,llll 1 <.:dulJ
    have nu confer..:n..:e, n>r receive direction what I might dll h11 rho:
    furrh.:ranc.: uf H.:r >enice in that behali. And I rhuughr n n, 1
    amiss ro em..:rrain him at rhar t ime, wdl to r my ,1wn >Jlc:t\ and ltbcn\ ,
    as abo w under>tanJ by him from time w tune rhe pr,>ceeJing, in :)Lr
    EdwarJ Kdly's with the Emperor, for that lme Methur anJ dill.
    ALtUen,is, which were in the college with him, were confe,,lr> .mJ
    special intlamer> of the the greJt family of &1hcmia, ag.un,r ::itr
    Edward Kdly, anJ rhe ,aiJ Poples were it were 111 )intt C;c>arb; >ll ,., I
    purpuseJ by that mean, to await rhe h..:,r upp..lrtunity to del Ha ll l.t)<:>l\ ',
    service . .. I was a lmo>t in Je,pJir of any comfurr in mine nwn ..:llunlr)
    and as ir were plunged in rhc d.:pths llf J.:soLni,m abmad by rh.: dun;,
    of Sir Edwe1rJ Kelly's f,,rrune, having then neither muney n.>r lll..:Jn- r.
    maintain me, yet el'en at char time when all Englbhmen in Prague 11 d'
    in prison anJ nunc durst ....
    As tllUt.:hing rhe conrcms oi rhe l..:ner >enr fr,Hn Srephc:tbllll t" " ' '
    which ir has plea>cJ your Honuur lu me, I rru>t ru 111\>l.li.
    for though I cannot l.:r ur prevent any man w write tll me, yet lf,l.
    very parr give resrimnny ru rhc Wlrld char he had nur .Ill \ 11
    bewrccho:J el r enrangleJ me wrth any ..:m.:nJnts of i.ll"e <>r IIH..:r-
    course of for rhar he w cumplain I ldr him ,,tJJcnl\
    and unsar btied, withclut taking my leave of him, whtch ,, a .tr
    mo:nr of the little a..:counr and ,mall r.:garJ I gave ru ..:harmm,;; t .. r
    in very rruth when I haJ wrought him se> far a> I coulJ 111 Str EJ\1 ,,rJ
    i'n
    1\ IET.-\1. OF GOLD
    f.: dl1 ', I lcfr hun .u,J all hi, \\'lth d11:ir rr;t>h r11 rhcm-
    >..:11-..:,; .mJ K..:,,r, lmg r11 my clury I rcrumed tll ,..:n..: my n.uur.1l pnnc..:
    .mJ 1111 c,1u1Hry.
    Lc1gh 11 ..: m 'll1 t11 cundu,l..:, .-\ nJ 11 h..:r..:.t> rh..: :.;11,1 Srephcll>llll clt1..::. llpcn hi>
    pa..: k nf JCt: urcnr, .1:. tll Sir EJ11'.1rJ Kdly':. liberty, he an.l all men kn,JII' it \\'a:.
    rh..: lll ly m.utcr l man.tg..:d or ,J.:alr in, in rl111:...: parr, ."
    11
    :
    L..: igh IHllC cl furrh..: r lcrr..:r, February 21, 1594, !lr>tc:.ting hi> innv..:..:tK..:,
    to Str Rnb,n Cccil. In a JlllSt:.cri pr he r..:marks, "In rh..: very Lt, t llt Srcphen:..m',
    l..:ttcr m.:nri,lll is maJ..: ,1{ a l..:n..: r h..: rcc.:iwd from Mr H. fr,>m his h,Jus..: in
    L<llle<bhirc, which I f,Jrgut w explain in my amwer ddiv..:reJ r,J my ltJrJ ,1(
    I luntingJun. lr ,.:..:ms t<l m..: rhar rh..: l..: u..: r came frum one 1\lr Hc:.kcrh, a
    Lmca, hirc m.m, which ll'a> at Pragu..: rh..: sam.: rim..: that I wa:. rh..:rc, and wa:.
    famili.t r with Sr..:phcll:.un; hut I hav..: l1llt s..:t:n him rhc:.e tll'll years almo:.r."
    111
    Leigh aJ mits tll hadng ",..:en" H..::.kcrh in Pragu..: , rh,1ugh du..::. nnr indicar..:
    wh,th..:r h..: ..:vcr >P Jk..: rn him. He m..:r t he priest Srephen:.on rhmugh RicharJ
    TanbrJ, a gIJ,mirh, "'h'' kn..:11 K..:ll y. Bur rhcr..: i:. lhl ..:vid..:nce t hat Kdly ..:vcr
    m.er l l..:sk..:th, nr, ind..:..:d, Sreph..:n:.un. Kd ly was in jail for mu:. t nf the p..:rioJ
    ,,f He:.k..:rh's in Pragu..: . Thc m..:ntiun:. of him in rh..: int..: rct:pt..:d Cllrre-
    :.ponden..: e nccJ :. uggc!>t n,J more! rhan his impri>l111ment h.1d bccn a cau,e
    and hi, r..:lea,..: a marrer tlf ClJHinu..:J interest tlJ rhe Englbh cummuniry in
    Pr.1gu..:. Therc is nu suh, tantiatiun tlJ Charl..:s Nichull', claim rhar "this cb..:-
    munic hgure lE. K. ] wa> und,luht..:Jiy itw,>l v..:J wirh rh..: Cath,Jiic plotters in
    Pragu..:."
    11
    ;
    Dce's ClliTe>p,lnclencc 11irh Kdly rc>umeJ lllliV f.:elly haJ b..:..: n >l.!t at lt h.:rry,
    . mJ his diary recorcb len..:rs tu f.:dl y 11n March 28 and S..:pr..: mb..: r 18, 1594, and
    tt\Hl1 l:(dly ()11 Nmemhcr 24, 1594 (PO, 48, 50, 51; Fc! nton, 265,267, 268). He
    r..:cor,b, May 18, 1594, "Her Majesty s..: nr me again rhe cnpy uf rh..: letter
    ut E. K. wirh thanks" (Ft:ntJn, 265; PO, 49, ha:. "G. K."); it is und..:ar whether
    rh1> is rh..: C 1py of a l..:rtcr frum Kelly to the! Que..: n llr ru D..:e. The ,lf
    rht::.t: letters ar.: n< Jt disd,l>cd and l:(dly's acriviti..:s ,luring rhis time arc un-
    Accurding t11 l van S1ir..i k, holl"c!V..: r, Kelly, rel.:ased fr1Jill impriSlll1menr,
    11'<1 > hghring in Peter Rl1:mh..:rk's army agaith t rh..: Turks in the :. ummer tlf 1594
    near K,1mJ rnu.
    11
    ;
    Engl1, h intdligcnce cunr im.eJ ttl il1<llllttlr Kdly. S..:th Ctlcb IIT>te r,J S1r
    Ruherr Ceci l frum Krah iw, April 8, 1595, "I am now withm the:...: rwo t1>
    h..: nc..: and m..:an pass br Prague, I will Sir EdwarJ Kdly,
    who they enj,ly> hi> turm..: r twour with the Empt!ror" (SP 88/ I , fnl. 22 I).
    In 1\ lay 1595 an,lth..:r >c.::r.:r agent \\'as in Prague. He ll'c!nt und..: r rhe
    name of Juhn Snuwdcn, hut h.: had bcen b,m1 John C..:cil in in 1558
    rhrc..: )'C.lr> after Kdly was born rhere.
    110
    Was this a childhood acquaintance oi
    Kelly's s..: nr r,, mak..: Clntacr! Or sometme wirh a shared background which he
    could use t<> ingrariare hinbelt? Or snm..:one nn an enrir..:ly np..: ratinn?
    On Augu:. t 12, 1595, De..: recurds " I received Sir Edward Kdly\ letters of
    thc Emp..:mr' ,, inl' iting me m :.ervicc again" (PD, 53; Fenron, 275). Kdly,
    1r appears, accept.;,l hy the Empertll. one..: murc!. he now tu offer
    1
    .ttr11n.1g..: h11n:.dr! Or 11\1> h.: 1n neccl tlf .b>t>t.m..:c! Scprcmhcr 14, f.:dh 11 ,,
    tu Dyt:r, rccalling th..:ir cxperimcnb: "Y ..:.1, h,m .. r;Jhle >lr, }'llll knuw 1 11' ll
    wh.u ddighr ll'e ttlllk rog..:rhd' (MS 1420, p.
    But Kdly was SllOll impri,.mcd a :.ec,mJ rtnh:. H1, lltkn..:c, au .. llrJ,n;,. t.
    I 1.111 Svin1k, was rhar on N,ll'ember I, 1596, b.h.: k m t:<lllrt , he 11'Jun,k,l,
    J1d nut kill, G..:11rge Hunklcr, 11i alchemi>t S..:haiJ S..:ln1 err:cr. Th1o
    11'.1:. "the immecli.tre cau, e" uf the arrc>t , hur Sl'ltJk .tt rh..: >.t mc run..: h.h Kclh
    unpn>cmcd t>r d..: bt ,mJ hl> ,;,rare umti,..:.lred by ".1 <.:llrrupl .m. l mtluc: nrl .tl nun
    f.:ry>tlf Zdi11>ky :..: S..:hu: in.1."
    11
    ;
    H..: was impri>un..:J at 1\lu:.r (,tl,.l knuwn <b Brux). ;m, l clunng thl> rcrt. ,I
    Cllmpos.:d hi:. akhcmical tr..:aris..: The r;f" th.: which hc 11 r.rc
    m Latin and d..:dicar..:J w Rud,llf; the np.:ning r..:t'..:r:. tu h<ll'mg "alr..:.1d1 t11 lee
    , ulf..:rt:d chai11> anJ impri><Hl llll.!nt in Boh..:mia."
    110
    Thc al..:hcnll>t U>walJ 1 i,lr..:J
    him in jclil ''.1ppar..:nrly in rhe hll(1c! uf ><11111.! enlighrcnm.:nt ,Jv..:r the S.:cr.:tl<lli
    "
    11
    Y Mic had S..:nJi1ogiu:. i> :.atd tu h,J \'C bl1ughr 1m<: uf e>t.ltl.!> wh1.:h
    Lady Kdly :.uiJ w rcl i,c nllm.:yY
    0
    J.:r.ul, tlf Kdl1', tinancc> anJ rl"
    Jbpu:.al uf hb pr,lp,rty at this tim..: ,url'i1e in C:c:ch

    Thc end, lik..: rh..: h..:ginning, , Jb:.cur..:. Dec':. d1.1ry rc<.:lr,b l'-! u1 clll
    h..:: 25, 1595, rh.1r Sir Edward Kdly wcJ> ,I.Jin" (PO, 54; Fentun, 217) .
    Bur the: llllldcrn hi>t<lrian 11f the: empcrtlr\ cuun, R. J. W. E1 ,m,, CltC> a
    m..:nt indicaring rh.1r Kdly 11a, deri nitdy alive on t<.by 22, 1597, .1r the .:a,rl ..
    ,lf Borb.miu> rh,Jughr h..: was >111 ,JLti ve in A numhcr <li >tllrtc
    r..:cmd rhar trying to ..::.cap..: fmm the h..: tdl anJ hr,1kc hi, k g; ,.,m..:
    aCCl)UntS :.ay he Jicd fmm hi, injuri..:s; Kaplidy rh.n, injurccl, h..:
    tOllk pubon and di..:d un N,JI'cmb..:r I , 1597 .
    Accmding ttl J1hn W..:e1cr, Eli:.tbcrh >ClH "C.tpr.un Pcr..:r Gll'\ nnc
    with snmc! othcr>, ro p..: rsuaJ..: him ro r..:wrn hack w hb own n.Hilc home,
    which he was wi lli ng w do: anJ thinki ng m c>..:ape away 111 th.: night, by :. tc:.1lrh,
    a> hc wa> dam b..: ring u1..:r a wall in his O\\' n hou, ..: in (which h..:<lr> h1,
    name w rhis Jay, and which >Ll llll.!timc wa> an uiJ >illKtuary), h..: fell d,J\I' n fr,m
    the baul..:m..: nt:., bruk..: hi, legs, and brubeJ ht:. h,Jdy; 11f which hurt> ,1 whtlc
    after he deparreJ this woriJ."
    121
    A,hmole r.:corcls in 1652 that Kdly "wa, d.tppc.lup .tg. un 111111 prt><ln, . r.-t
    .m..: mpting tu make! h1s ..:scapc! our uf a htgh wmJow, by th..: t..:armg ,>r ,hc<.:t-.
    whi ch rt.:J wg..:rher ro l..:r him duwn, he! (bemg ,1 ll'<.: lght\ nt.m) tdl anJ
    bfl)ke his leg anJ thc:rcof died" (TCIJ , 483). Arrhur D..:e ga1.: a llltJrc J ..: r.ukJ
    account tll Sir Thuma, Bnl\l'nc, whu C<lllllllunic<Jt..:J it tu A,hm,Jic! in l b74:
    lie :.atJ .11,.1 that Kelly dealt nor Jll>rl y hy hl> t.Hh..:r anJ rh.1t he 11.:1 d
    aw.ty with rhc: gr..:are:.t parr tlf the pt>wd..:r .md 11 aft..:rward lllll'rt>, c ..:.t
    by rh.: Emp..:rur in a ..:asrle fmm 11 hence att..:mpring an C>C.lpc J ,111 n rl...:
    wall h..: tdl and br,Jke his l.:g and wa, impri>lll1ed agam. Thar lu, l ,h-r
    Dr Juhn Dee pr..:>ented Queen Eli:aheth w1t h a li rde of th..: )'ll\1 .l..:r, 11 h,
    having mad..: tri;d rh..:r.:of arr..:mpr..:J to g..:r Kdl1 out uf pri>tlll .. -\nJ ,cnt
    >lllllC tu rhar purpll>c! whu giving optum in drink um1l thc kccpcr:., Ld
    rh..:m fast <l>le..:p thar K..:l ly flllmd oppnrtuniry w au..:mpt .m <.:>C.t!'c .11d
    I\1ET:\ L l)r GOU'l
    th..:r..: 1\ l.' r..: ll > cMry him But rhc unhappily
    i> ll'<! ,(c;ci ,trt:d.
    1
    : '
    1-:dl) by wil"..:, J><l nna 1\:dly (d. 1606) .mJ ll\'11 >tl.'p-
    chiklr..: n, a >ll1 Juhn Fr.m, is W..:>run ( 15ti0- 1600) ;111d a Jaughrer, Eli:ab<!th
    ( 1582-1612 ). El1: .. b.:rh .lChie,.:J cun, iJ.:rable (,unc as the Lnin pucr


    In the >piriruul rr.m>acri,>n> ,,f Apnl 4, 1587, rh.: lack Jt children in Kdly',
    ru is Kdly roiJ "barrenn.:,s J wdb wi rh
    yuu, )'<>ll di,l n..: gl.:cr m..: and rak.: , 1 wit".: ro your,eli cnnrrary [Ll my
    cummm,lm.:m . .. . Th.:rel>n: yuu , hall huv.: rh.: Wl11llh which Yl1U have barren
    and t > YlU ynu han: d1JC which I commanJ.:J
    yuu." Nuwh.:re in Dce', pli ,ar..: , li,try , ,r in the >piritual tran,ac[lnns is there
    any r.:ier.:nce [ l l Ju.lll c.,uper h.t\' l11g be..:n marri.:d b.:fun.: or having any chi ldren,
    ..: ith..:r by Kdly ur by any prel' l<lll> rd ar i1. ll1>hip. The step-chJ!Jren are n.:vcr men-
    Cilll1<:cl.
    Hdwc:\cr, the 11t Eli:aberh Wt:>hll1'> Cullectd W'mings accept rhar
    1\:dly' , 1nic: ]o.tn C..>1p.:r h"J bc.:n prel'iou,ly nurried.
    P,1ri>h , lh1\\' rh.n j .,hn W.:s,on.: anJ j uan.: Cuwp.:r wer..:
    un 29 Jun.: 1579 ar Ch1pping Nc1rrun, .. .. :\ son uf this
    uni.1n, Juhn, was christcn.:d on 23 July 1580, and E1i:.t b.:rh, J aughrer uf
    ''J. hn W..:sr,,n," was christened sc11ne rime larer, ,eemingly between 4
    March ancl 31 Ocruber 1581. J>hn W.:,run, "cl ,trk," was buried on 6
    May 1582.
    A w..: d hurial, Kdley . .. ro.?p<lrt<:cl dur d1c:
    :\rchangd !l!ich.tel had him char ho.? must marry; injuncriun
    wa, r.:pear..:d nn May 4rh. Shorrly rher.:after, Kd1.:y l11clrri.:d the recenrly
    ll'idmnc!J Jane W<:>ttH1.
    Tho.? fnlluwing year, Dee and Kdlc:y left 1\irh their wives (bur appar-
    ently with<lUt the rwo yuung Weswn chd,lren, whn are nor menrilmcd
    in Dc:c:'s diary accnunr of the vnyage, <JnJ who presumably behind
    ll'ith thdr marernal par.: rn<JI grandmorh.:r> fm rhe rime being, as
    degy for h.:r 1111.1ther would suggest) ... it likely that rho.?
    by aJmir.:rs that Weswnia came frum a gloriuus and
    nt>ble tamily wc: r.: based on the grandeur anJ of rhe Kdley
    housh,,ld in ir. h.:yday, anJ l1<H nn any family connexion:. t>t "j,Jhn
    Westun, dark" whus..: mo.?mury haJ JieJ with him in Chipping


    Eh:ahc:rh t<l 1\:dly in <1 Linn pu.:m, publi:,hed in Pr,Jguc: in J60b,
    thar :.ho.? \\' rc1t<: tl11 rh.: , lo.?ath of h.:r mnrhcr, m "Upun rh.: death of the noble
    an,l high-hl1rn ll'uman LaJy Joanna, widuw oi Sir EdwarJ Kdly of !many,
    gubhed and wdl-bc1rn knight, C<lUIKillor elf his imperial a most
    honnur.:d and hduved her Jaughrcr poured fmth the t01luwing elegy":
    ':X' hcn, 1 an mt'am ut b.1rdy mnnth:., l rho.? wound ut my
    lather > lnss; anJ sh,>rrl y atrerll'arJs the of my rwc1
    ,'1
    11
    c.tre l h.11.l been. Ho.?.t \ en g,,,.o.? me a >lcp-t.Hhcr, .u., l 1 .. .. .
    1 kwcJ a> a tatho.?r, bur , lc.uh t<>uk huu. :\ rem.unc:.t t.
    me; yet in, ariahlo.? J..:.td1 cur him J,mn 111 rh.: tl.,w.:r '' youth.
    ;n ..:pt t.lph by Nlt.:c>I.LU !1 1aiU> un J.,,mn,t'> ,k.llh .11><1 rc:fc:r, > hu lll.trll.-
    1
    ,
    1
    Kelly, maki ng ir cle.lr he ,,,b rh.: ,md rh.tr '
    "i Englbh birrh.
    I, Joann<l, 1d111 h.11.l h..:..:n wuc r" rh.: p\HI""'I' hcr Kdl\,
    Butf..:reJ by the: changing tmrunc:> ot t h..: w,,r\J, h..:r..:.
    The gro.?arer rh..: er<>>> I h,>rc, rh.: grc: ar.:r rhc p.m.:nr
    The gro.?ar.:r t he gl>f)' in He.tn :n. ,_.
    Engl,md g'''.: m.: a nauve \.mJ, B,1hcmt.m ,.nl . 1 gr.ll..: ... ,
    1\Luu, ,
    1
    bo \\'felt<? an .:pn.1ph cm \X
    1
    ..:,t\lnt<t I k 1\,b ."llc .,r
    m.:mbcrs of rhe Dee .m,l Kdly w<l rld 1\h<l wcrc: kn.,wn t.' Wc>t<mta. ,::,he .d.
    knew EJ warcl Dyer anJ , he wrur.: t\\\1 name p<>l.! llb t.1r J 111Jnch : '
    powerful poll[lcal tlgurc:, rh.: J .:pury chancd k>r, ll'h<1>c meet: LuJmdl.t h.d '.n. r-
    J K' lly's brorh.:r Th,nna:. in 1587. Anorh.:r ccmncctHlll \\'lth De.: .mJ Kcll y
    " - J

    SI I
    1
    , a poem Eli:abcrh wrc1te r.> ll11c 11! her teach.:r>, J>hn H.unmon . , 1..: . 1 '
    ,n,
    1
    re m Per er Vok Rn:mber\.. , .mJ tu rho.? akhc:mt>r O,waiJ C ,,,11, \\ h,
    a>kcd her w cnmp<l>C " p<l<:m which h.: induJo.?d in Btlldt.::a Ch)llllc'<L .
    Of Kdh \ '"''11 rh.: puem, "Sir E. K. Cllnt.:.:rn_ing thc Phii'"Phc r
    'r me written k> C>l1.:cial g.,,-,J fnc: nJ, G.S. Go.?m.," hr:. r puhh,hc:J am' '"-
    .JI. c p 1
    rhe prefawry tu R.tph RabbM,b' o.?Jni;m <>I .:c>rg.: "I' ..:y ,
    Th.: CompuunJ of :\ldt..: my (LunJ un: Orwm, I ) 9 1) 11 repnm..:J r. -
    , rher with a longer noem, "Sir EJwarJ Kdle' s Wmke," 111 A,hmul..: ' ,
    fl
    1
    ,arrum Ch<!miwm (LtmJ,m, 1652). Excerpt> tr,m Kdly' >
    ,
    1
    p;car in Duu Chcl!lici Sin&'Hkt r.::. et Br;tes (G.:i>m.tr, 16j 7). "
    1
    Th,
    must cull..:cticm ut wnrk a,cribo.?J hl Kdly ,, EJoHu.nJt KdL.t' t :\1.J
    Tractatus Duo Egr.:gii De Ltpide Philosuphunlllt, Unu Cum
    T.:mmTi , pubh, h.:J po,rhumuusly in Hamburg in 1676 "per
    ccn." 1r contains, in Laun, The Swnc of the Plulu:.ophas, Th.: HumiJ P.Hh .,;
    DiscUi trSl! on the Veg.:wbl.: uj Sawnt, an,! Th.: Thctur.: of
    Astronomy, and brief t"rum three letters ,,f 1587 _anJ 1589. T he o.?Ju, r.
    J. L. M. C., h<l> nc1t been icl..:nritled .. 'll A ,,f rh.: \'Ilium.: l: y .-\. E.
    Waite was publisho.?J in 1893 anJ tr..:quently repruuc.:l ,J> EdwarJ f-:.:11} .!tl.
    Englishman's T 11 u Ex.:dknt Tr.:uriscs On The s Stune T ug.:th.:r \\ 1il.
    The Th.:acr.: of T cll'C>rrtctl A:. trunum)' .
    111
    Notes
    1. 0:-.f,wJ , BoJlci.H1 L>br.Jr), llb :\,hmol..: l 7bh, 1<>1. 40. b) Eh., . -..l _
    in Thcumnn C!wutt.'l<lll Untunnicwn (L,,nJ,m: J. un>mmJ h>r N.nh: Br." ... . lo) _
    (;K>imilc rcpr., New \'.>r\.. ; Juhthlll1 Curp., 1967), 479.
    bu
    1\IY::lTIC.-\L 1\ IET:\L OF Gc1LD
    1
    l ) lch. u-. 1 H.1lilndl, nL, Th.: l'rmu.: Oi,ll')' uf /Jr )uhn V.:..: and th..: C u,t/,,g
    11
    .: o/
    lu, u/l-. f.tlllbcn}'l> (LLHlcl<ln: C nnJen :),1Cidy, 1o42), I. Rd;; rrcJ t" hencef,
    1
    nh
    ib PD. De<''> cliary emri<'s ar-: fuuncl in th.: margi n, nf rwo almanK> pre>.:neJ in
    the _B"clb.m the E11h:m.:rid..:.s ,,( SrJdius f,w 1554-1 600 (Cu1,
    1
    gne, 1570)
    rbhnwl-: 4o7l. an,l t he Eph.:m.:ri.l..:.s of t-lagius 15ti l -1620 (Venice 1582)
    (t-IS Hlll). :\ ncn trUbcriplion hy EclwarJ Fentc1n, Th.: Di,lri.:.s uf )uhn D.:.:
    (Charlbury: L'by Boub, 1998), rcsmres material <1mitrcd by Ha lliwd1 anJ corrects
    he ma,k; it i, rd;;rr<',1 to hencdunh as Fenton.
    l. S-:<' Julian Rohcns anJ .An,Jr<'\\' G. War,,m, John D.:.:'s L1brary Cawlogu.: ( L,mJ,Hl :
    The B1hlhlgraph1ccll ScKicry, 1990), irem 109'), anJ p. 96n.
    4. PO, 1. The parbh arc. n:p<med in Su,an Bassnert, "Rc:,ising a 13i,
    1
    graphy: A
    Ne\\' lnterprer,luun <11 the L1k ut Eli:abet h J,m.: We>I Llll (Wc,ronia), Ba,ed cm her
    Aur,,bi<Jgra phlcal r.,ems <lll rhe Occasi>n nf rhe Death other Mvtl
    1
    r "Cah . .
    El b. I . 37 ( "
    l.S<I <'I wm; April 1990 ): 3. Ten miles sm1th nfWorce,ter is Upr<mupcHlSevern.
    Dce was g1,cn the recwry !here in 1553, anJ ir wa> L>n<: vi his basic >llllrc.;, nf
    1ncumc .. There is nu r.:c,,r, l rhar he <.:\ 'er \\'eiU 1hcre; rhe parish provided a li,ing,
    h<' klr nu r,, l1,c 111 lL He may ha\'C vi>itcJ Wmcc>ter. His library
    a C<
    1
    1'\' ot .Ac:dl l<.:us btcr', Cusmugn.1phia given him, he: nnrcd msiJe ir, by
    J, ,hn I cJder, a J ean at W.1rc.:_s ter C.tthedral, on February 11, 1566. Bur there is no
    C\' ILkn..:c that he knew Kclly lrum Worceste r.
    ). Oxoni.:n.sis, 2 vnb. (L,mJon: R. Knapluck, D. MiJwinr.:r and J.
    Tu11>un, 1711 ), 1.: 179. A mi>rcading uf Anrh<HlY i1 Wood's rcxr >ccms tl l lie behind
    the cbun rhat K.:lly haJ h..:..:n an amanuensis ro Thomas Alien. It wa, Wood's
    ml unnanr wh,l \l'a> am.111ucnsis. Glvucesrcr Hall is n ow Worces1er Colkg.:.
    b . B<llllc:lan L1brary, lo.!S .Ashnwlc 17YO fol 58 l'fl.nt J
    1
    '
    11
    C H J J El '
    A h 1
    1
    . ' " . . lhlc n, e ., 1u:;
    'nwe 16 17- 169_: l-11s Auzobiogra11hi.:al an,/ 1-li.swrical Noc.:;, His
    and <Hh.:r Conc.:mpumry Sourc.:.s Rdming 10 l1is Lfe and Work, 5 vols. (0xf,
    1
    rJ:
    C bn:nJ"n Pr..:;,, 196ti), + 1-!36.
    7. Lc;1gkr '.In Fre>nuy, 1-li.scwr.: ,/..:la l'hil<Jsuphi..: H.:nnJWJll<', ) , .. ,b. (1\u i>: Cm,.
    .S. lchcr, 7-f_, f,lC>IIllde rcpr. Hddc,hcun: Gec>rgc O ltn>, 1975), 1:306-07.
    Jl1iH1 Wce\..:r, Anci<nc fun..:ralllo.!omoncm.s (LunJ,m 163 1) 'J. '6 A - 1
    G I PI 'I I' ' ' ' -. -o Ccllr, mg
    10
    Lr:
    1
    _
    1

    1111
    _ 11 _ lP> anJ lo..'arnn Kc<Jtman, Th..: Conspiracy (LunJ,m: .'\rruw,
    I !hiJ), 1 J 1

    cl us utkncc "Kdly .".'a> hau!ed bet{':" rhe I<>ea I Scjuire Thomas Lang-
    tliiL F"rrun,ltdy, Langrun was a tnc:nJ >I L 1rJ wh"'" farhcr, il> Earl of
    ." as .:'rJ nf eh.: Srrange. imervcned to free Kdly anlllhe
    '".''men hcc,Jmc Kcuil colleague>. Strange W<Js infaruared by Kdly's unholy acti vi-
    nc.>, .mJ >O.lll the. P'llr were e xpen!ncnting wirh alchemy." Nu evidence is giv.:n for
    lt 1> unlikely 1har Weevcr would nor ha,e mt'nrion.:J a court appcar-
    111L<' ll thcr" h.t,l been o1w. On Langwn's friendship wirh Strange, a nd furrher

    ah.Jt tt Kcll y in Lanca,hirt!, see C harles Nichu ll, A ClcJ
    1
    nf
    NLJL': Th, ofThomu; N":shc (Lc>ndnn: Rourlcdge an,l Kcgan Paul, 1984), 193-!.
    9. C?n .'V;'ccnr > Luh.: a, lurc ..:unnccri.ms, >Cc E . .A. J. H.migman,

    The Lost
    ) <'lll> (1-. lanchcsrcr: lo.Ltnc hc, rcr Uni\' . 1985 ), 6-7, S0-58.
    10. T. R._ l-li.swry anJ Anti.juities 2 vnls. (LvndcHl, 17ti 1 ), 2: 246,
    1-.:dl) Ill rhe plH, >ry a t Lme<lSicr lor l<>rging >Oille ancienc title dcc<b. du
    Frc>llc1y h .1s hun l<l>lllg h1s cJr> in Lmdun on a >imilar charg.: ( 1 :307). O rhers claim
    he was c"mxrc:,l ot coining. N.1 c\'iJcncc has been adduced fur any of the>e a>ser
    IIUI\S.
    11 . l'arkilb\ lcrrer rq>>nmb: inquiry i> in the: StJic: in the: Public Rcc,,rJ
    Olhcc, Kcw (SI' Id,. H 3-!).
    ...

    ,.)n Dee """ Charl<>llc Fdl :Snurh, ),,}Ill/).:.: 15.!/-loLlS (L,mJ, m: L:.abi.H, . I<
    f'cl<'r j. French, John D.:.:: Th.: \1/ur/J of an lo.bgll> (LnnJnn: R.ouiicJ,.,
    ,md Kcgan Paul, 1972); NJCill>ia> H. Club:, )ulm 0,.:', Narcn,.! P/ul.,,,,ph): 13.:c.. _. ,,
    wul Hdigion (LcmJon anJ New Yc>rk: R,1urlcJge, 19tib); Bc:nJ,llllln \\ 'u, lk,
    Tile Qu.:cn's Conjuwr: 1h.: anJ 1\!agi..: u/ Dr. D..:..: (LunJ,m:
    1000) .
    I). Rderr..:J [<l ob TFH. Ell.!> .-\,hmulc', C'PI ,,f du, hll<lh \\'llh hi> olllll< 1 ..
    t ion> ancl C<)rrc..:rions i> pre>cr\cd in rhe &l.llcl.lll L1hrar1, 1\lS ,-\,hmnlc 5bv.
    14. 1: lb5.
    IS. Chrisr<1phcr Wh1rby, John D.:c'> Accicms with S/JJrH.s: 22 O.:c.:mh.:r 15.:>1 111 23 \L.:
    1583. 2 vols. (N.::w York: Gc1rl.mJ Publbhing, 19titi).
    lo. The>.: arc: the mysreriurum, s.:x1us cl -f8 Cl<uc> ,Lngdl.:al: Lil>cr
    uuxilij , & vicwriac 1cn.:sms; De hcJnanhiu mysci.:a; Tabula bununnn angdunnn: F1<11 ...
    menta inwcwionwn. (13riti>h Librar\', MS Sln.m.:: 78, 2575, 2599, 318ti, 31b9, 31':1!
    3678, MS AJ,I. 366H, (,,I,. 167-titi; B,lJician L1 hrary, t-!S !\,hmulc 1790, 1,,1,. H-
    56; 422; 1790, arr. 2) Snm..: cli the materia l is publi,hcd in R.1bcrr T urner, .:J .. n ..
    H<pwrchia Myscica o/ ./o/m 0..:..: ( Edinburgh: l'o.lagnum Opu, Hermcr i..: ::;;,,lll-..:.:,l , ,d, ,.
    1983; 2nJ Wcll mgbnrnugh: .Aquarian Pres>, 19o6); Gmtfr.:y J.mlc>, .:J., Th.
    Enochian of Or John Dec ( 19ti4 ; Sr P.JUI, 1\IN: Lbn:l1n, 19Y4 ), ,m,l D .. n.d..J
    C. LayC<Kk, Th.: Cmnpl.:r.: Eno.:hiun Dictionary: A Dicriunary of rh..: AngdJC Lm,-;1< . ,.'
    as HcvcalcJ w Or John Occ .md f,hmrd k:dky ( 19 78; York Beach, lo.I E: Wt:i><'r, I ':194 )
    See C lulet!, Jolm Dc..:'s Philusuphy , 204 , 196-7,306-7.
    1/ . British Library, MS Sl.1anc 3 !ti8, foL 9r; Whirhy, 1:18.
    I:>. lr is p<>ssibl.: t n ,l..:du..:.: ircllll Dcc'> J 1.try nnd >pinru.d rr.nb.Kfl'lh 1h.u T.dhul \\ ,.
    Kdl y bur D.:..:'s , hary wa, nnt publi,hcJ umil 1841. When 1\l..:nc Ca,,lUbon pubil -h,J
    a large: parr uf the >piriwal crall>.!Cti<lll> in 165') he \l'it> nnr awar..: ,,f rhc
    mar.:rials dealing with 1h..: s.:rycr unJ cr rh..: n<Jmc: uf T.db,1t ; rhu,c m,mu,cnpL> \L<.:fc
    lusr fwm vkw unril EliJ> .-\,hm,,k acquircJ rhem in 1672.
    1':1. R. J. W. Eva11>, Hudolf 11 ,mJ his \VoriJ: .A Study 111 1-li>!oJ) .
    COlT . ..:J. (OxfllrJ: Cl.m.:n,l<lll Prc:>>, 1984 ), 226.
    20. On rhc sh<lW srnncs, ><.: t: Hugh Tai t, "'T h.:: LJc,il', L,1ukmg-GI.1'; The:
    Speculum ,,f Dr J,,hn Dcc," in Warren Hunring Smuh, ..:cL, 1-lor,u:.: \\.', dj><l..: : \\"nc.J
    Politician, Cunnois>cllr (New Ha\'en anJ Loncl,m: Y.tle Uni,cr>ity Prc>s, 1':1o7). l)L
    scrying ><!<'C. L Whirby, "J,,hn Dee anJ Rt:nab,,mce S..:rying," Bulletin uJ 1h..: ..
    of Renaissana SwJi.:s 3 ( 1985 ): 25-35; The<xJ,,re J3..:,tcnnan, A Sn.J:.
    in 1he 1-liswry, Oi.srrihu1inn, Th.:ury anJ Pracci.:..: ofSkJ)ing ( L<Hlclon: RiJ..: r, 1o.)24 ).
    21. For Jiscus>i vlh nf rhc >c >l<lllS, >t:<: E. lo. L Butler, The 1\!yth of the M<i!,'ll.'i (C.unbn,l,...:
    Cambridge Univer>ity Prc>s, 1948); E. M. Burl..:r, l<iuwl l\ !ugic (Cambndgc: C m
    briJgc Univer>it y Prc>>, 1':149), 158-81 ; L R. F. Cakl.:r, "Juhn S1uJio:J ,., "
    English N.,,,plawni>l," 2 vuls. (l'h. D. che>i>. T h.: Warburg ln>Utur.:, Um' .:r,IL\
    of LonJon , 1952) ; Wayn..: Shumakcr, "Juhn D..:c' s Comcr>atl<>n> Wllh :)l'lflt>," 111
    Henaissana Cmiosa, lo.lcdic,al anJ Ren.1bsan..:c T .:xt> a nd Stucli.:,, 8 ( Bmgh.Hut. n.
    NY: MRTS, 1%2), 15- 51; Clulcc,)uhn De.:'s Nuwml Philosophy, 203-30; [)d-,r.Ji,
    E. Harkn.::s>, ' 'Sh.lw> in the Shnwstcmc: A T h.::cllre ,,f .Akh..:my ,mJ .-\p,K,d\ I'>' u,
    the Angd C:. m\'l:rsari.ms of Jnhn Dcc (I 517-1608/9)," H.:nw>s<lnc..: Qu,m<JI) .;';I
    (1996) : 707-37; St cphcn Clucas, 'N,Hl c>t kgcnJ um ,..,d inspiccn,lum ,.,lu1u': In
    spectival Knowledge anJ rh.: Visual L.,gic oi John Dce\ Liber J\ I )>L<'IhH' I<Hi.'' n,
    Al ison Adcun, and SrantLm J. Lind..: n , ed,., Embl<ms un.l Alch<my, G b ,gu\\ Eu.H,,,
    Studies, 3 (Gia,gnw: Gbguw Emblem Srudi.:,, 1998), 109-32; Debvr.1h I-L.rl 1" ..
    John Conwrsauons uoith Angd.s: C.!btd..c, Akh.:my and 1he End of Nurw.: ll: .... ..
    CambriJgc Univer:>ity Prc>>, 1000) .
    1'-tY::iTll:.-\L 1\ !H.-\L ()f ()l.)LD
    11
    l)rllt,h Lthr.tr\. 1-.IS :::il''!lh.: 1 .. 1. 2h-2Sr; \\'hnh1, 2: 7b-9.
    1-.b ::;l . m..: )I:,<:>, f., l. \X' hithy, 2: 126. 2 3.
    2t>.
    1-. IS Sl ... m..: HhS, 1;,1. '->t!v; \X' hitby, 2: >67.
    1-. l::i :::i l,an..: 31o8, lol. Hr; Whit by, 2: 118.
    t-.IS :::i l .. an..: llo!:!, 1;,1. S':h; \X' hirby, 2:2 18.
    t-.- !S Sl ... ull: 1186, 1;,1. 6 lr; Whitby, 2:220.
    L1n.ly Ahr.dum, ..:,1. , :\rrlwr D.:.:, F.t,.h:ultc> l:lt.:uuctt>. t1l Clnuuc .l lt.uh.
    Elt.h .-\,hmul..:, En:;lt >h 6 (N..:w )'.>rk .mJ LunJun. Gar-
    l.m, l Puhlbhing, 1997), J:.o-b.ii.
    S.:..: S. Brumh.1ugh, "Th..: Vn\ nt..:h [l,,..:,>n' Ltph.:r D..:..: iph-
    .:r.:cl t-. l. tp> ,,f Sr. u,," ./cJIIllldl uj' th.: ,mJ Cutcn.uc/.1 lmtitlll.:> 39 (I 976): I 39-50.
    Anhur'> .:.>mm..:m, at..: in .-\:, hmuk', p;Ip<:r> in th..: B.xll..:i.m Libr.1ry, MS A,hmnl.:
    17Sb, fnb. 151 r- ,. Th..:y ar, pnm.:,l in Jo>r..:n, Allunol.!, -!: 13 72 anJ 111 G.:otfr.:y
    1\:,y 1\.:>, ..:J., Tit, \X'u1b uJ .Sn Thum,._, BruuHc, -! vol:,. ( 192o; L1nJcm: F.1b.;r and
    F.,h..:r. 1 ')b-l l. -!:2%- o.
    lu. CllLmi.:llllt Brll.llllll<Jnll, -! <:>1. r..:.:,r,l..:,l ,, h1ghly .:nl.>r..:.l ,r,ry If
    K..: ll y', r..:..:..:t\ing rh.: ,lll< lr fn11n a lll)'>t..:riuu> fri.1r, t<IIJ h1111 by Wilham
    (l\IS .-\,hnh>l..: 1790, ,;,t,. bC- 1, pri nr,.l in J>>t..: n 2:603- 5). Annrh..:r , . ..,r,illn mid
    h1111 hy \X' illiam Ldl y I> r..:wr.bl tn 1-. IS Ashm.1l..: -! 2 I, f,,J,. 220v-221 , anJ publJ, hcJ
    in \Vdh.uu Ldly, 1/ t,tllry uf Hi; ,mJ Tim.:s (Lun.l.m, 1622), 225-0. A>lllHul.:
    th> cr..:,kn.:.: h> 1hc ,wn..:>, nur no:.:J w.:.
    ll Lcngkt du Fre>lh>)', 1:307-lu. The >h ry ,, n.:p.:.n.:J m Lull!> F1glll.:r, .:1
    b 3r,l d. (Pari >, 1860), 232tT. anJ in A. E. Wa1r.:, ..:J ., EclwarJ Kdly,
    Tit .: TH''' un rhc Pitilosojlitcr's :itollc. Tuget h.:r wi1h The
    Tit.:.m.? uf Tarcstri,.ll Asmmvmy ( 1693; n:pr., Larg.: Banr.m Prc:ss, 1991 ), xvii-xix.
    >2. Jull.ll1 Ruh.:rt:. anJ :\nJr..:\\ G. Wabllll, John 34-5.
    ll. On AJn.m Gilbc:rr an.l 1--huy SiJn.:y, ,.,.: Juhn Aubrc:y, Aubr.:y's Bri4 . .,,1.
    Olh er Ll\1><>11 D1d; (ll.trm,,nJ,w,mh: P.:nguin, 1982), 220. D.:c: haJ it tru.:ll:J
    1\l.try', hn>th.:r, l'hdip SyJney, in akh.:my; >l!l: 1-. f,,rf.:l, Nvbili:., ur A View
    oi th. L1j",: and fJ.:Ulh of a Sicln.:y, .:J . ud rr:u1>. V1rgil B. Hdr:d an, l Huyt H.
    (S. m ldari n<l: Hunringrun Lihr.try, 19-!0), 75. Ralcgh, 1> Aubr.:y .mJ Lu.:y
    H111.:hm,.H1 rt:..:llrJ, \\,I> a..: ri n:ly invulvecl in akh.:mi.:al .:xp..:rim<'nt>; ><:<! LynJy
    Ahrah,un, 1\ f,m.:ll ,mJ (,-\kl.:r, lwr: S.:ular, 2- 3. On Humphr..:y Gil-
    h.:n', Am.:ncm >.:trkm.:nt '"" lt B. 1-.h:rrim.m, "Sc>m.: Nut.:> cll1 rhc
    Tr.:.nm.:nr ,,f th.: Carh,>IK> m rh.: R.:ign ,,f Ell:,tb.:rh," :\m.:ricw1 Hisroricul
    Rc:t'lcl<, I 3 ( 1907-b): -l b0- 500. On Rakgh's a.:qu.Iinranc.:,hi p with D.:o:, ..:.: Wovl-
    k y, The L: cmjwor, 3L:9-ll , anJ Ral..:i gh Tr<:vdyan, Str \1/al!.:r (Lon-
    ,lun: l'..:ngui n, 100 l ), p.1."im.
    >-l. 1-. IS ::il,>.m.: 31tltl, lul. 77\; \XIhirhy, 2:29-!.
    l5. On SJ.:-1 ' "" Ruh.:rh .m.l \Vats>n, )olul 51-2; .-\ lan ll.lyn.:,,lmml>l.:
    l'ou.:r: Tile Scrl'IC.:' 157ll-16LU (StrliU.I, Ut\:: Al.m Suuon, 1992),
    17, N- 46; E,c:lyn Waugh, E,lnumJ CumfJilJil, 3rJ ,,1. (Lm,!,m: Longmans, 1961 ),
    10o, lbd. On Wal. mgh;un', i.n.:lligcn.:.: np.:rari.m,, '"" Cuni, Brc1ghr, Sllrt'.?lllaJK.?.
    ,ud Dnunu 111 Em (L,>nJ,m: 1-. lacmill.m; No.:w Ymk: St
    1\ larun', l'rc, 2-!-21, 10 1- 10, 27t>. Br..:ighr argu.:> rhar Wabingh,un
    Burghky's pro1.:g.:, ,d..:.:t..:cl l> run rh.: >tll'\'.:ilhm.:.: >po:r,u iuth O.:>tabii>h.:,l by Bm-
    ghlo:y, .111J thar Burghlc: y l'<'>llllll!cl C:>nt rul afr.:r Wal.ingh.un', ,!..:arh m 1590. D.:c
    w,1, .t<ICiatcJ with b.>rh Burghl.:y .m . l \\/,1l,ingham. On .:,Inn.:crk>m
    "ith D..:c, '"c C,m\ Cr> R.:.1J, 1\ fr and lit.: J',lln "1 Eka-
    3 ,.,,1,. (Camhndg.:: Han'alcl Univ.: rsi ry Prt:S>, 1925 ), 3:-!04-DS, -!3-!- 15.
    :'l
    JU. :0.1 ' 3lt>o,lnl. 91r; \\'hnhy, 2:33'1--!0. "Cc>l>.Ill pl.tm" 1> pc:>ulli.,J.Iy '- :-
    "''IJ,.
    li. l\IS Shm.: )lob, h1l. 10-!r; Whnby, 2:1<:>';}-';}0.
    3<:>. On La,ki >..:.: Kmht. nuy "Olbr.Kht LI>kl m Eh:.II.: lh.m En.,l.u1J: .-\n E:.,
    ,.,J., in rh.: 1-li,wry of Culruro:," l'olJ>It l l,-l ( 196!l): 3-22; E' .llh, 1\ ... L;
    11 , 219-20.
    On 1-!t:rl.:, ,.,., H.,
    1
    n.:>, lntl>thl.: l'uucr , S-9, lo; ].>hn 13.>\. Llllln u.J
    Embssv (N.:w H.w.:n .mJ LmJ,m: Y.tl.: Um' .:r>HY Pr.:, 19'1 I). 2o- >-!
    101-D-l; Ali,,m Pl.m,l.:n, ScLI.!I .Scrtl(.; (H.:md H..:mJ'>tc: .J: 1-Lr
    \'l!>tcr Whcabh.:ai; New Sr 1-.Luun'> Prt:, 1991 ). 25- 29; C. Br..:t,:ht
    Surwilumcc , 106-D7, 2-!2 , 256, 277 .
    .j J. Bo:,y, Giurd.uw Bnmu, 22-7. Th.: i'""''bdtry th.ll .ud F.gll Ill-<\ .n"l h . ,.
    bt:cn rhe s.un.: pc:r><>n I> in J"lm Bu,y, L'nJ.:1 th.! 1\lul.;htll: <Ill .. J.
    Spy Swl) (N.:w I lav.:n .m.l LnnJ.m: Y.1k Un,,.:r>ll\' Pr.:, 2001 ).
    41. Zanruan, "Olbr.Khr LI>kl," 15, Wat><m , kll.:r ,,, Bnu, h L1hr.1r\, :-.1;:,
    J 731. Wal><m h.1J >p.:nr >llllll! um.: .11 [\lu.u, rh.: ,.;mm. I!)' h1r rr ..
    Carhoh.: w b.: ,_,nr ,,:cr.:rly n1l <l Engl.md, an,l h.: f,>nnc:J .1 cunn.:.:Itll1 "nh
    Walsingham when rh.: l.m.:r wa> ;nnb..tOI.Ior 1n P.tn>. Hi> P""m l\ld1bu:lu
    f,>r Walsmgh,un. J.ul..:.l inr Jn inn-ke.:p.:r'> ><H1 wa> a hght \\ 1tb
    Chri>tnpher t-.-.f.trl..l\1.:, h.: \\a, a.:qulll ..:,l un th.: gniLmcl, lf ,dt-,ld.:n.:.:. I ll, J>><>Lt.l
    nnn wirh M.trkl\vc anJ W,tbmgh.un i> g.: no:r.JIIy l,tk.:n t> ind1.:.1r.: rhat h..: \\,t, "n'
    nf rh.: laner'> ,.:.:r.:r .tg.: ms. Sec Ch.trlt:> Ni.:h,>ll , Th.! 1\.lurJ..:I uJ
    Citrisropha (LmJ,m: J,u,.uh.m C.1p.:,
    42. MS 3188, td>. 107r- IO!:!v; Whir by, 403-6; TFI( I. 22. 25.
    -!3. On La.ki's appn>:I.:h Ill Alkn >l!<: Amhuny a w.llxl, 0,\oJltl.!ll>l;, '"I I
    cob. 574-5.
    H . TFR, 5-6. The n.nn.: ,11 Fn:m.m .m, l Frc:.:m.m(,) m >l:>. lo:.:mh-..:.:mury l)l, ,..:kk\
    r.;cor.ls. S.:c H. E. t-.t. l..:dy, BL,ckl.?y Through Tud1.! Anu,1/, oJ Ll Cut>t,,.LJ
    Puri>h (AI.Iburgh, Nllli.ulk: Er,kmc Pro:, 27. 15- 37, -!1. -!!:!,51, 5b.
    -!5. Se.: Nichull, A C11/J of 19+-91l, and Th.: /l,;.:k .. nmg, 2H-l9.
    -l b. Clul.:.:, )ohu Nawral l'ililosopity, argue> rh.tt K..: lly m.mipul.n ..:.l the >J' lfllll.,l
    Jialogu.:s "tl Jr.l\\' D.:.: aw.ty t'r>lll Engl.mcl, br.:.1kmg hi, t i.:> wtrh hl> lll\lr, >< .1
    ,cknriti.: \\'\lrL Th.: k.:y de m..: m mthi> "'"' rh.: apr.:.u;uK.: ,,j Albr.:clll \1
    -!7. Fur an .JCC>llnl oi L1>k1's \'i>l t tu OxfclfJ >l!l! R.1phad H<>hn, h.:J, Hulnt>h.:J', Uu, .,,,
    cks of EnglunJ, .S.:.,danJ lllld lrd.mJ, 6 \'Ob. (LunJ,m: J. l >hn,..>n, lo08),
    anJ J. G. Nich,,J,, The and Pw.:o!S>IIJliS of Qu.:.;n 2 vu b. lLnJ ll
    1821), 2:398- -!11. On Brunn'> Oxf,,rJ J.:bate>, """ R,>b.: rt t-.kNuh y, "Bnuh> . 11 Ol<
    ford," I ) ( 1960): 300-5; nn Brun>'> a.:qu.umanu: with :::,.ltll'\
    ro wlwm h.: J.:,hc.Itt:J ,1 number nl h<>ok>, '"" Franl:<:> Y.lll.'>, GIJJr.lunu 111,
    H.?nnccu: Tnulwon (LnnJnn: Ruutldgo: & Kcg.m P.1ul, 196-!). D.:>ptl..: th.:tr 'un.l .. r
    inrcre>t>, tht!r.: I> thl n:.:nrJ th.tr Brunn "'.:r m.:t <ll' Kdly, .:llh.:r m En"l..m.l . 1
    rhi> rim.: or b rcr m Eurnp.:.
    -\ b. PO, 21; Fo:nwn, 100; TFR, 33. Kdly'> cl.: p.mur.: fr,Hn m.y b..- .m ' l' l' r" r r'''
    !X>int tu nH.: th.H rho: ,anlU> a.:ri' ltk> m L.m.l>n annhu1.:.l t> Kt.:! I. 11.
    Po:rcr A.:kroyJ\ n.wd Th.: oJ Oo..:wr (Lu,,l.m: H,uni,h H.muhun. I 'J ' ' I
    arc wirh<>llt ,my b.l>l> m rhc: ht,wric.II r.:.:.>rJ. N,, J.., 1> the u 1'
    of Kelly'> >Plnl m Umb..:rr<l E.:n'> n.wd, Foucuull':. PcnJulwn ( 19oo; L. >n.l.>n: P1..: .. ..1. r
    1990), 591-92 (ch.lpt.:r 11
    49. TFR , 212. On H.ij.:k, s.:c Ev.111>, 1\uJolf ll , I 52, 203-D4, 221.
    10. Evans, RuJolf 11, 223.
    51. l)n l'u._ l "'' IJ.\U; Fr.tllcc,.:d 1
    1
    u.:.:t, L:lr.:r.:, ,/llc lllll..:Jlll l'cl. L. Ftrp->
    .111.1 R. l't.ll lolt , 2 1ub. (FI,Hcn..:.:, 195)- 5') ); L. Ftrpu, ''J .. Im [), . ..,, >Ul' n: t,Hu, n.:-
    J.: h llll.lllll' <: " l'c:l11 ll n.:r .. ," 3 ( 1952): 25--;')4; .mJ Elt.11 -Fd,lun,
    "S.:cl\.:1 U1t1p1.1> ;u,, l P.:J.:.: PL111>: Th.: C.l>C ,,, FranC.:>ctl Pu.:ci," )uumul
    u/ ;\ hlk'l .tl unJ Slltdr.:> 14 13<J- 5ti.
    )2 Th". \' ii'IJ .tc.:uwu , ,, thl> .:xrr.l<lf,lon.try .:pi,.xf.:, prc'"" .:J 111 d1.: B.1J I.:r.tn Llhr,l ry
    :-\ , hm,k 1790 an. I , 1<11>. 1- IY), 11.1> Ji>cul.:r.:J .mJ t'mml hl' Latin
    hy C. 11. J""'n .,, "An Unknuwn Ch.tptl' r in the Ut.: of Jhn ll,c," )uum,d o[ 1hc
    \\ l,n hmg <lllJ C:uun.t uU hblillll<'> 2b ( I 965 ): 22 3- 57 .. A >el'l' ll l..:<.:lll h-n :nlllry tr. ub la-
    ri,1n i, prt:>l'l'l'eclm 1hc Rriri,.h Library, MS 3645, (.,1, . 22- Jt:l, .md i, J wwn
    ' Ill h\ Fc' IHLlll , I b)-9 I.
    5>. On VdO: n1 ''"' E,,llh , Ru.lulj 11 , 212- 111. () n P..:!..: r \ '.,J, R.,:mherk,
    rhr,l, 14(\-+3. L.,,ki ""' a' pir,,l 1t1 1h.: l\11i, h dll'ttlll'. Ncuhc:r 11a, >lll'ce,_ful.
    5-I E1an>, Ridlllj 11, 22 3. (I .till incldlccl Ill Su:ann.: K1.:rn.m th.: Iral b ldri,)ll.)
    55. TFH, 26 l2n.lp.tgin.tll<lll l.
    56. TI-U, 429; h .m, , Rudulj 11 , 22l .
    57. TFH, 42<), 4H. Ftmh.:r .l.:i.nb inl :lulc<' , ) uhll /).:.: '> ,\ \ uur, d l'lul"'"i'/n, 226, 300
    11
    .
    7d. Thl' .11 1hi, lime 11a, Wdhdm. Hi>'"" h.1J , tr.,;lg .tkh .. n
    11
    .:al
    llHt: ll'>h. ::ice Bru.:c T. i\l,ran, The AldtL'IIlic,ll \\,'uriJ uf Ih<' GL' nlldll Courr: Occul!
    ,md Clt.:JntcJI diem.: m 1hc Cird.: o[ .\ uf I b >t:ll ( 157 2- 1632) (Sturr-
    g. tn : Fr.m: \'crl.tg, 1' )9 1 ). On D.:.: .m,l 1h.: L.mJgr.ll'<: >l'l! Ahr.1ham, t:J .,
    An hur ()cl' , Fcf3C!Citlll> ChL' mr.:u, ,
    ):-> El.llh, Nu,lolf 11 , 216, 215; PD, 21 - 30; Fl'nl.ul, 20 1- 39. Fcnrn', Ir.m, ..:ripu" n ut
    the clt.try t.: nJ .:ro d1l' n.un.:, ut' l' l>ll<lf> nturc rlun Hall tlll' ll .
    5') I'D, 22;_1-.:nl un, 204. TrJJh lariun t'r,,m th.: LJ IIn in R.tlph At tit.: c,,
    1
    m ,,f
    l,_lu .. n Tit.: Lij<' .ma L)l'ics u/ Sr Edu arJ 0 ).:r (N-:11 y,,rk: Oxt: rJ Un11er>ll\'
    Pr.:,,, 191 5), 102. D.:l' rd cr> ru thl' ToJr', inl'ir.lll<lll in hb Comj>L' Il.lwus I<L'ilL'ilT><tl
    prtlll <'J in Jam.:, .:J. , Tract.> 11f Dr ] 11hn 0 <'.: (lllanch..:,ler:
    Chcth.m, Sct..: l), 1851 ), b--9. The rcxr ,,f rhc: inlit.lltlln is pruu..:J in R
    1
    ..: hard
    H.tklu)' l, Nul'ig.uium, 12 ,._,1,, (Giaog<lll' , 190! ), 3:445-tS.
    llll .

    Ltbr. try. li !S Ashm. tl .: 171)8, ti b. 15l r- 1511, prinr..:J in )uol..: n, A, lunuiL',


    4: I J tl - t l an,l tn f.:<'\ 11<:>, Bnun<' , 4: 196-ti. Or her a<.:<.:<>unro by Arrhur Dcc arc: in
    to. IS A, lt nhJI.: 17o8, !; , (. I 53, pnntc:d in 2: 755 <J n, l Kcync>, 4: 293; in
    BnJ k i.tn Lthr.tr)' i\ IS BaiLu, l 14, 1;,1,. 13- 141', pnnic:clln 4: 175 7. On :\rrhur
    '"",LI' '_,.Iy :\hrah.un, ":\nhur l1.:.:, 1579- 165 1: A Ltf..:," Cu,,J" J>,n viiiS, n.,.,
    13, _ 1- 14 (rcpnmc,l 111 cullc.: llun), ,mJ 1h.: uur, xfuc!l<ln eo LynJy
    :\ hr.t h.tm, cJ. , :\rrhur Dec, Fasc"i.:ulus Clt.:mrcu,.
    nl i\ IS B.tl l. trJ 14, hb. l l- (4,, J' rintl'cltn )ll>l<: n, : \.>luu!IIL', 4:1751:>.
    (J2. F.:nhn, 22 l ; >dill<.: l'' "tgl'> lrtllll the >(ll rttu.tl rc:C<l tJ , <lllllll<.:cl h\ C,t>,luh,lll arc
    pnm.:J Ill Fclll <l ll , 224. Fcnn n 241 n. I, >llgt;<.:>t> rha1 1h.: "cru- lll.ltchmg"
    11
    a.
    r.: pc.tt.:, l. The h.t> h.:cn u,.:J "' lht: ouhjl'cl r;,r ,1 pl.t)', ThL' \\'.:JJmg
    hy L l\1'<.: , hr>l pcrJ. l[Jnt.:J in Bnrai n .tr rh.: S.tlt, bury Pl,lyhnuoc in to- lay 1998.
    (R"' tcl\'.:,l m Th.: \\'d.ly 356 lt<. lay :!6, 19981: 24.)
    nl. C'11 lpcpcr', an,l Ltlly', accllunt> nf cxpcnment> ll' llh De.:', <.'r)'>t.tl .trc r..:p .. n..: d m
    J>hn .Applchy, "Anhur Dc:e .md Jnh.mn.:> B.infy HunyaJc.: Furt her lnt'urm.Jr
    11111
    llll
    dlctr :\kh,mJCa l an,l l'r,,t..:, ion.tl :\cti ltrico," Ambix, 24 ( 1977): 9b- 109.
    ll4. .11'1.: prinrl'd Ill E.luu.trJi Trac' l<liiiS Dll u Ul/Jt.IL' PllilmufJ/)(1-
    Un,, C:11nt Thc, uru Asmmintia: T..: n.:sni, .:,I. J. L. C. (H.unhurg: Gnchot'r.:cht>
    :::i.:hul! :cn, 1676), 40--4 2; rran,lar..:J in E.lw,rrJ f.:d ly, 51- 53.
    :J' hnt<Hl 1Jcntihe> R,>llla,.:hy .t> l'hdl)'pll> R.1utl l.,,chu, 1242 n. 15) 11,.., , l.t t .: ,
    cd!Jh>guc lt>b " C<>py ,,f !he nr. t Fr.:nch .:J llhlll tll Dent> UjJll>Llto. Tl. -
    ExcdiL'nl ..le kt t1<lY<' Philu>upluc Jwundl..: J.:, 1\ IL'tulf.\ (:\lllll.:rp, !5o/), .mJ J '"""'
    , .:npr ,11><> 111 French. (Se.: Rohcrt> .mJ W,lt><Hl , John Uc<''> L1h1ul) C,aulu;;Jt, , Hell.
    1546, MSO.) p.,, ,bly it ll'.t> Ihi, l.llt.:r manu>diJ' l d1J1 11 ,1> dn irll) .:J. In ht> Jt.<i,
    Jul y 31, 1590, Del' n:wrJ, "I g.JI'<.: 1\lr Ihc <.:llJ'\ .,( Z.d .. trH.>
    1\l'<.! h-t! l.:ll<.:r>, 1\Ttncn in Fr.:nch ll' ll h Ill)' >11'11 h,m,l; .m,l h.: pnunt>ccl Ill<.:, h:I.Ic
    my wik, n..:1er ru J i, d "'" l<l any rl u r h.: h.trh 11 ; .md Ih,n tl h.: J te hcl,r..: 111..: 1 ..
    wtl l r<:>lnrc: ir ag.tin l<l m.:: bll! if I Ji.: h11n, d1.11 he , h,tl l Jd11 l' r tt Iu nn, , i
    Ill \' >lln>, ti1 IF..: nl lln: ",1p1"l Jllhll1J; th.:m t h.tl't.: u " (1'0 , 35; F.:nhHl, 21.',
    Halltwdl ', Icxr h.t> " Paraccbu,'' f,,r "Z,tch.triu,' ' ).
    l'l' S..:..: Moff.:t, Nub1lis, or:\ \ 'il' ll' uf rh<' Lt[c ,mJ D<LILft <} ,, Skill.:) . /5.
    ll f .
    0.:>.
    10.
    71.
    - 1
    I -
    13.
    / 4.
    15.
    i o.
    77.
    l a.
    N.
    ti l.
    Sargl' nl, O).:r, 102.
    The lcrr..:r i> prc><:r,cJ 111 1h.: Bnu,lt L1h1.try (t<. l::i li.1rl.: t.t n D'.lbh .11r. 2o) . nJ 1 ,,1
    h, h.:J in H.:nry Ellt>, eel. , Ongilktl L..:ucn u/ Enlllll' lll Lu.:r.n) .\IL'll oJ chc l01h. 1,- ,,_
    and l8ch CcnunrL's (L,,nJ<H1, 11:>43), 45-tb.
    In 32- H.
    Evan, , RuJol[ 11 , 226.
    Publtc R..:wr,I Orti..:.:, SP 15/3 1, t. l. 4S, pmH..:,It n ),lm ::-,lf\ J'c, :\llu,.I,,J Ilk t\.:j
    liOn , 4 1'<11>. (L)xfnrJ, 11:>24), I'll!. 3, pi. 2, 133. Sir\J'l' ( 132-3 3) Lj lldlC> :.<1111<: wll.
    m..:nr> uf O..:c'> earl ier 111 rht> l.:n.:r whKh h.: c.1ke, '" rd..: rnn.: Ill Kdl1 , bur d'"i ' "
    f .KI rd.: r 1u ,m uniJ cnllricJ p<:r>lln in rh.: L,m c:,,lllll rtt.:> 11ll<lm De.: h ..d >l'l[(d .
    a pol..: nu.;l .1g.:m f,,r \X' .;bmglu m. Sec: .tl,., Rmt>h Lth .tr\, i\ IS L. m,J""'n" o-to. " 1-
    216-7, w nwinmg the wpy ,Ji a p.tl..:ll! ut klllgiHh,l<xf gr.J111 eJ h\ RuJ,Iph tu 1(,11
    1
    in J lc!tcr of Fcbru ..tr) 23, I 590.
    Sn.:my Cd.L' od ILia 1526 (Prague, l t:> 7'i - 1910), 7, lhl. 41 2 cl!.:J 111 , _, ...
    RuJulf 11 , 22on.
    Liam Ccid, "f..:l' ll t.:) f lm.llll) t," LunJun U.: IIL'll J Uuul.., 2!, ll) (t<- 1.,\ 2:: , ,
    4. My C<>ll t:.lgu.: rh.: hu.: B. f.: . .:cun.: ILl a >inul. u cundu>hll ll'dtll lu, .e:>..llull-
    ri ,>n nf the lri, h r.:cur,l,.
    Angd u M.tri.l R1pdlm. ll ..llb. D.llt.l Nc11 ldll tl l. mndl1, cJ. ....
    H.:nry H..: im (L, m,lun: 1995). 97.
    Vl.tJnnir f..:arpenku, " Bohcmtctn Nubiltry .tn,l .-\ l.: hctll ) 111 th.: SccunJ l l.dl 1 ;1.,
    Sixi.:cmh C..:mury: Wilhdm uf Ru,cnbt: rg .mJ T11ll .-\ k h.: mt>t>," 1' ... ' >
    n.s. 15,2 ( 1996): H .
    Pubh, hc,l in S!r)pc:, A11nub, ,.,,1. 4, l - 2. F,r P.nknh, '"" L),\i /3 .
    ThcammJ ChL' lllKtfl ll BrirunnJ.: tml . 4o l -o2; :\rh<'ll<l<' 0.\lllll.:ll->'>. 1.2t:>J .. -\1 d .... l ..
    in a lccr.: r ll> AIJri..-h in NLlrwich, 1649, C: ll<.: > L,>rJ Wtlluughb1 .1> .1 "tiJ . --
    of tr.m>mur.tliulh in Bohcnud S1cphcn c,.(l,_,
    LonJun Un11cr Hy). Dt.: c:'> '" ' " r.uu B.lrth,llllcll HKkm.m, wh .. r..:pl.tccd 1-: dL .
    De.:', >C r) <: r hack 111 Engl.mJ , l<.:!l D.:c', ><.:rl' lc.: h1r L 1rJ \XIdl,,ughby ' '11 D.:cut.r u
    2, 1594 (PD. 51; Fenr.m, 268).
    Evam, UuJvli 11, 226; Wane, E.lu, nJ /-:, 11:> . 1.111 L..- nnq .. .....
    Conmbuliun a l'lu.>[cJifc J.: l'arr ulduUUtJllc ( Bnt>,d ,: Crccll! c.nnlllllll.tl, I ), ::,
    Publt, h..:J 111 S1rype, Annllls, 1nl. 4, f-o. Burgh Icy'> L.<)l'fC>I'<'IlJ.:n.:c 11 nl. f..: ell, ,
    dbcuoocJ bndl\ in Re;lJ, LurJ Burghl.:y un.l (.Jll<'<' ll (LmJ .. n J. ,, ,
    than C.Jpc, 1960), 474- 76.
    Sec B. W. &:cking>.tlc, Bw!;hlc' ): TuJur Sr<ll<'>llhlll 1520-15<Ji'l (l.lnJ .. n: ...
    New Ynrk: Sr i\ lartin', Pro.:, 1967 ), 2h l.
    On Palal' i..-inLl, >cc L tiiT<"IKc Sltlllc, An Srr 1/,>r,l!hJ P, LLac.:ut .. ll h l. , 1
    Clar.:nd,m Prc , I 956).
    bo
    1\ IYSTI 1.. :.-\ L l\ IET:\L OF l)()LI l

    tll.
    I "'" gr.ildulll> Su:.u1n.: 1-..: to:tn.tn f<>r th.: tr.ubl.ll h)l) 111 1111 the lt.dt.tn.
    On :-,..:ut tu, >o."L" Rtp.:llinll, <'- l,r_.:r..- l'rugu.:, 103; Tit.: Fugg.:r 1\;.:u>-L:u.:n (>ccunJ :..:ne>)
    13..-mg '' Funlt.:r S..-1..-crHIIt }rum 1lt.: Fugg.:r Papers w (,)u..-.:n Ekab.:1h
    <Jn,l :\ l,ut.:r> 111 During tit.: Y.:.rr, 1568- / 605, H.:re l'ub/i,hd fur
    1
    11.:
    Frr>1 Tun.-, .:J . \ t..: r" r \'on ld.m1 tll, tr;nb. L. S. R. Byrno: (LmJ .m: J>hn Lm..:, The
    B,><ll..:y 203, 208. R. J. W. h an>, UuJulf 1/ , op.:..:ulat.:o .tbmu "OJ ,KtrJu,
    S..:.>tu._" th.: oill rl h>f ,,f th.: Vr.:nn.I lll.lllli>Ui pl, Stx:..-ulwn Aldtciiii<IC, ci.:Jt..:ateJ [I)
    RuJ ,,JI :_ ''S..:o.>tl t> I> <HhHh.:r .mi.l.:nrtli.:J , lleeting li gur.:-ht> Chri>lian n.unc oeenh
    llllbl olt .:n t' bo. I'<.:Cilrcl.:cl a; Al.:;,:mJt\1 .tncl hio >rigllh ,t
    0
    h.tlt.m" (21 0); "th.:r.: ar.:
    tll'<> >.:p.lr:u.: qu.:oth>ns h.:re: ll' h.:tho.:r Kd ly anJ th.: ><.H:.dl.:cl 'Sco.>rro' wcr.: lltl<' anJ
    rh.: o. un.: ; .lll,lwh.:th.:r Kcll y ll'f>te rh.: tr.:.ri, .:" (217). From Puc.: i', lcttcr ..:
    1
    tcJ here
    <lllcl W.:hbc'> ut June 26, 1591 (Bririoh Lihr.tf)' !l-IS Lan,J ,,\1 11<.: 68 nn. 93, f,
    1
    Js.
    10- 11 ) ur.:-1 l.1tcr, th.:r.: io n.> J nuht that " C.>unt S..: ..nr.>, cl t>tlllct fr.ml Kd ly,
    .lt<l cxior.
    S.trgclll , III -I
    85.
    bll.
    li7.

    Fr.tllcl> B.lclln, 111 Tl1.: \\'or/..; ,,f Fnmu; Bacon, cJ. B .. , d 1-.lunt.tgu.:,
    1 """ (L"nJ.,n: Wdli.!nt P1 ck.:nng, 1:1 22.
    l'uhlioh.:J in Slr}p.:, ,ul 4, 3-!.
    Sec Phdlip> an,l f-:.: .ttm.m, Th.: C.,n>lllr.tc'), 105,
    Ni.: lt, ll , Rcrkoning, 259 Ni..: h,>ll J i>..: u>oco H.,>yJun' ll'<>rk an,l a>ou-
    tun; \\' llh rhu.l . ,
    R, h.:rr H<><>k..:, Tli.: PrwiHmlcll" \\ 'orb (L.>n,l\l n: Rch.1rcl \'i.'.dlcr, 1705; f,te,lmd..:
    r.:pr., LmJ un: Frank c ,,, 1971 ). !Uo. I h.n mn,l.:rni:.:J thc opcllmg. Whuby
    (I : I lH-:-6) the Cf)'i"t"gr.lphic d. unt> .mcl i;, ,..:cptlc.tl. So wao baac D'brad i,
    oJ (I LonJo.>n :m,] N..:w Ynrk: G.:mg<: Ruud..:dgc, n.J .), "Thc
    Ck..:ult Phrl<l>llph.:r, l )r n .. ..,... H l-!. S.:.:rt: r ;cri' ice work by De.: .mJ J...:dl r b ..lllll!CJ
    )olm Asm,/ug,r ,md Scc
    1
    .-t Ag<!m
    10
    I l\ lullcr, 196d.) Firm ..:vicl t: nce j, mc:l' it.
    1
    bly lacking.
    rh.: clcc,xlmg ul :-i1<!gm1ugraphw, ' "" Th,>m , Ern>r, "Sd l\L,Jr:wcio.>e 1-. !agic. D.:r
    Trith.:miu>," o,,plmi:. 5,1 ( 1996};
    Jun h ..:..:d,, Sol,c:J : fh.: Ctph.:ro 111 l1>uk Jlj nl Trilh.: mi uo' St,'J,!IIIOgldl>iu<J ," Cr)'/>10-
    ( 199b); w, ... ,ll.:}. Th.: QIIL'<!ll'> Conjuror, 72-81.
    (13mhh L1hrary, Il lS C. >rt lll- Li h. Tltuo 11). Publ i>hd in St"'l'" Annah
    1
    ul 3
    2, 6 17- 20. . , ' . . pt.
    The rc: fc:rc:n..:c 1<
    1
    \'.:niCe 1> r" th.: .KII\'Itlco rho.rc ,,1 the ll l. tmt
    1
    g-
    n.m . ,._l\Lm:u Brapcli n-::-"h..:h 1\'C:rt: later t. > b.: frcl udult:nt.
    R1pdlmo, I h1g11.:, 103; Th.: N<!II'SIL'tiL'rs, Bcing a Sd.:.:tiun uf Uupubbh.:J
    from thL' of HtJ1rsc of Fugga During 1h<! /568- / 605 ,
    .:d. Vt.:t<>r \ '\Ill f-:br will, fr<lll>. Paulmc: J c: Chary (Lunclon: John Lane, The BuJky
    1-bJ, 140-1J, 146, . 4/i, 149-) L).
    J_:d .1lchyn11>ta Kdl y \' C.:..: h,i..: h," 111 kiJIIl rmi..-/1 JJjin
    1891 ), 1:112-!7, anJ "Akhymic ,. C.:ch.ich :.1 ,luby RuJ nli'.
    1
    ll ,"
    rh1J - :4ti-J I, cited 111 Rtpcll mo.>, Pr,tgllc, 97, 99, 103. h-.111 Snr,ik, "John D..:t:
    Ec!w;u,l Kcll..:y," IT!>.: )otmlal of and C:ntr,d Eur(Jpcmt Studies)
    J ( l l)l:i6) : I 34. 11-.m S\'ll,tk, Lundynu: )uhn t Cccach, 158-1-1598
    (Prague, 1994); 11',111 Snr,ik, Sir EJwar,l Kcll.:y: l)' tir 1555- 1598 ( P ,
    1991) J . WJ ' r.lgue,
    ell..: m wnllll.:y, Tit.: Qu.:.:n's Conjuror. On S.:nJi mgiu, in Prague:, sc:c abu
    E, .lib, l<uJolf 1/ , 211.
    1-.IS L:u, J ,,w,1 6" 1 1 1''1- 11 1 1
    u no. u) , ">. " - - J, pu 1 I> lt:c in Str) p<: , .-\llnLlb, ,.,,1. ), pr.
    2, 62 1-25.
    :-nn''-' Ann.ll:., n>l. 3, pt. 2, I H.
    L,>gJn ::.nu rh, l'cl. , T/tc Lrjl! .mJ Ldl-n '} Sn I kill) \\'uu,n 2 '' "- \1..):- J 1.1
    Cldr,nd<ll1 Pr.:o>, 1907), I: 16- 17. (Tit.: kllcl un,l.:r ,h,.:ul\lll I> lldt mclucl.:.l u,
    collo:ctinn.) Gcr.tiJ Cur:on, \X'oHcJII ,mJ 1-ft> \'i'ud,/.,: Sp)IIIJ,!, S.-r.:n.:.: \ '.:IlL!.
    lnmgucs (Ph.!.JJdphl.J: >. hbno, !004), H.
    -.:., \\'t: bb.: wa' nnc uf Burghl.:y'> .:nun.:r>. In 1591 he 11 ,., .:h.1rgo.,l 11 uh .;,Hnul..:, .11 1
    pMJ nncJ m 1591; """ NJLh,>ll, Th<! !59, 1t:>7n, cum.; PRL) :::.P 12, 2>'.1
    n,J. 20. Thi> io pr.:oull\,Jhly the 1-. lr. W..:bbc wh ... n,.; no.HC:;, \1 ,1> L\IJIIIII)([<:,l t> the
    1-.IJrchd><! a, D.:.:.:mbcr 21, 1593, wh<>ll\ he: \'loll> th.:r.: J.mu.lr} ! 6, 1594 .mcl "! 11 Lu111
    he wnr.:s 10, "ul"-'tl .1 tltghr ,,f k.1r b.:.:.Ht>C ,,( 1-.lr Wd, h..:' o.:nclmg lnr m.: t ..
    .;,m1c Ill him to rho.: 1-.I.Jr.:h.:bc.l, lll111' when he ll<>kccl r,> be ,;,,nJ..:mn.:J un thl
    1-. lomi.Jy <>r Tu.:,Jay n.:xr"( PIJ, 47-lti; Fem.m, 2o3--64).
    '7 / Wt: bbc', in>tru..: t i<llh .1r.: puhlt,h.: .. l 111 Srrypc, .-\nn,J/., , ,.,,, 3, pt. 115-lo. Tl.c
    Publ ic Rc:.:.>r,l Ofli cc lh>kls Queen k ncr> r,, RuJ ,,It ll (::>P o0/ l , ,,,1. I llJ
    .mcl the El..: ctm ,,( S.,x. my (SP 81/7, f,,l. 31 ).
    :1:-. . Th.: Fugg.:r N<!n>-LcH..-n, li r>t >en.:>, loV-61, ,,_.,,,,J '"n"'
    99. Hiswriwl l\ lallll>lTI/lt.S Ccmuni;;iun: Call!nJm uf th<! 1\ I.J>IH>Cl'l/ll> of <'-l u>l Hu>L f1 ..
    1\ lanl'm uf Salulmry, K. G. , &c. &c. &c. pr.:;.:n.:J Lll H,u]idJ 1-l uu.-,.:, Hmfu>J,/,n,
    Parr IV (L,mJ ,m: 1-l.:r 1-. l.J.:,cy', Srat t\l n.:ry Olllco.:,
    1-:'J. Jnsd Sv;itck, "Anglicky .1l..:hymistd 1-:..:lly ,. C.:..:h.i.:h," 111 l..id!lmll,h .1, I"
    c.:sky.:h (Prague:, Hil) l) 1:147-!d, ..:u..: ..l in R1pdlmu, 9t:>; V.id.11 f-:.1plt ck}, .::... 1
    Alc:hymtSIIII', uf .Jn (Pr.tguc, 19bu) . l .un gr.u.:rul l<J \ 'l.dmm
    Klima f<l f l.>..:atmg ancl rr.m,l.uing fr, m f-: .1pl.: k1 \ r.:xt.
    101. S.:c St.mt.>n J. Lmcl.: n, D.trkc Alc:hnny m En.;/,,h Lit<'hlllll c ]"""Cl .... ,
    ccr w 1h.: H.:>llllWicm (L.:xingt.m: Un11. Pr.: nfKcnru..:ky, 199b), o7, So, 12o,
    287,290,31 1 n. 42.
    AlcxanJ.:r B. Gn.trl, .:J., Th.: \\: 'ur/.., uJ lldlmd l l,ml!), ) 1 ,,J,. \L>ncl.m: Thl H .. d.
    1884). 2:6tl-M.
    103. Th.: \l/01L uf ThcmUI> Na;h.:, .:cl. R, m.tlcl B. 11 kl-.:.:rru\1 , 5 ',J,. ( L, >nJ .,n:
    anJ Ja..:bL>n, 1905), 3:52. Nich>ll 'ugg<.:>l> 111 Th< R<!,kulllllJ:i (3::>6n) th.n "th.:r.: .trc:
    alluoiOJl> m J...:.: ll y in N.!>hc'> burl.:oquc ..,( rho.: ' .:unmng m.m' 111 T<nvr> <l} 1h.: .\r<,IH
    (Naohe, I: 363-67)."
    101. G. A. Wdl.. .:;, cJ., The Cumplc1.: uJ IJ.:n )oll.llllt, 4 n>b. (O:o.t.,d: l:I..ru.J .
    Prt:, 19b2 ), 3:307. j.1hn R.:.d >llggC>I.:cl rh.Jt "th.: ..:h.Jr.Kt<:ro ut Subd.: .mJ F.,,,
    may h,J\'e h..:.:n . 1 >l Dr llt:.: .mJ h1o ,b,.>..: l.l!.:, EJ11.1rJ K.:lly, "h'' c ...t.c.J.:
    anJ ,lcaths were fro.:, h 111 m.:n', lllcllll>n.:o dC the rime 11hc:n 11.1> ll'rltll i,_: the
    play" <J'hn Rc.1J , Tit.: Alchcumr in UJ<!, Ul.:r,JUol! .-\n [194 7; r.:pr. B . m. lo
    Pre, 19901, 42. 1-1<>\\C\'t:r, 111 Ill> l.itl!f oiUJy Thruu,:h t<J Ch,' llll>ll)
    r.:pr. Kil.1, l\ IT: K..:.. ingcr Publiohmg, n.J .) R.:.1J rt:mark.:cl. "Ot th.: rhr.:, 1,.,.. l,
    J1hn De.:, Kdly, Sm1lll1 F,>rn!.m ... tll th.: c\'IJ.:nc.: r ll.t
    to .b the '.tl..:h.:nllor' whom Jm><>n h.ILI 111 nun,!" ( 75 ).
    105. Samuel Burl c:r, HtJJihr,IS, cJ. John Wtlclero (Oxfur,l: Cl.Ir.:nJ ,,n Ptc:, ::- ......
    LinJcn, Dark HJcruglipiH..-L, 2o5, 90.
    10o. Hiswn.:al )\(,nllucripts CumllliICJII : Cctknclur <l} th, ,\ Llllll>cTI/Jb 11} Th, .\ 1.. : .
    Sulishury d w HurjidJ Hou.-,.:, P .If! I V, 3o6.
    107. Philltp> ,mJ t.:..:.mn.111, Th<! I Sou. T ,,, ...._ ....
    Conj uror, 315- 17.
    10b. H1>1clltCLII l:om>lli'>IIIH: C,Ji,n,Llr uf dJc .\!.mrl..>c,l/ll> uj .\1. . , ..
    t .:J at ll,u]idJ H(J)uc, Parr I V, 3o9.
    109. Ibid.,
    I I L1.
    Il l.
    11 2.
    11 ).
    11-f .
    11 1.
    I I n.
    11 7.

    11').
    120.
    121.

    3.
    12-1
    IS
    12o.
    121 .
    12:::. .
    129.
    I 30.
    I 31.
    lh.J. ,
    lht-1., -l9b, 7'-J.
    lht-1. , -150-5 l.
    th,, l. , -fo 1.
    1-. tET.-\L l)F L)l)Ll)
    N tch .. ll , :\ C"i' "i t\.:t<> I \1 > '.1-1 ::;,., .. tl, .. N ,, 1,. >11 , 1\.:, 2 5::.-bJ, lot1-::.l .
    \X'.,ullq, Tit.: f.Jtt .:.:ll , th>l<:> hull' ltl c .. n, ptracy w.:r.: kt h\1 n
    r.t h .. th Kdl y .mci D.:.:, )1 5- 17.
    S1 tr:ik, "J.thn [).;, ancl E,h1.1rJ K.: ll .:\ ," 13 7.
    H.t\ ne,, llll t>thl.: l'utt.:r, I H- H.
    S1ir.ik, "Juhn D.:.: anJ EdwarJ Kd l.:\." 1 \ / . Tht> '"' "'" ' ltk..: ,, ' "r>tlll >t' rh.: J u.: l
    ci. Hc,ll 191 rh.11 rc>ttlr.:, lml tb hr>l .trr.:st tn th..: .t..:.:.HII ll> hy JO: I ::i1:it.:k .mJ V,tCb \
    1\:.tpltdy (nll l.' 98, ' "p.). 1\tpd lith>, t\ l,tgic Pr11g11.:, 98, h.1> J .:bt ,., rh..: " prct.:xt"
    Rucl<tlt\ >'-'Llltkl unprt>.tnm, nt .tt' K.: ll \ .
    Tr.tcttllll> 1),., , 3; W.tit.:, EJuwJ 1(.:11) . 5.
    E1 an,, 11 , 22b.
    Rtp.:llt nu, ll!tt!:i, ll\).
    Chart., Nt..: h.tll , "Th.: Lt>t Y.:.u, ,,( EJ\\.tr, l Kdl.:\ ," L .. ncl,m 1\.:tt.:u "i /3,,.,J. ,, 23,:::.
    ( 19 :\pril 2l101 ): 1-8. l h,l\'oe th>l .::o. .unineJ the ungtn.tb , ,f thl> m.tr.:ri.tl . Ntch" ll
    !'I d\ h ..k :-, no
    E,:llb, 1\uJ"iJ 11 . 227.
    \\'.:.:w r. Anct.:nt t\ 1 t HIIIlciH>, -1 5- -l o.
    1\1:3 .-\, l,m<tl.: 1788, f, ,t, _ 151r-152; Ju>tcn, :\, /uu .. l.: , -1:1 3i2- il .mJ K.:\ IIC>,
    L3 tOII 'lk', -! :296-1.)::,.
    ::5.:.: :-ltt>.tn Ba" n.:ll, " R.:1 I> ng ,, Bt,>;.:r.tph\: .-\ Ne\\ ,,t th.: hk ,,(
    Elt:.d,.:th (n11roe -f ), 3. L tut><: S..: hl.:in.:r, "Eit:.Jb.: th W.:>t.>n, .-\khc-
    mi, r', Sr.:p-D.Htglu .:r .md l'uhlt, hcJ P<>cr," Cc111<Lr Pctt'cnt i>: SruJi.:> in 1-l.:nn.:rrci, m,
    n. >., 10 ( 1\19 1): 9, 1-1, .tn.l Lmtt>l! TuJur u11d Srudn \X '"m.:n \V'>ir.:r.>
    (Bt.'' tnmgt<>n: l nJ t.m.t Uni,.:r>iry Pro.:>S, I \19-f ). On \X'e,roni,r', P>l!tnS, >l!l! al><t J.
    \V. Htnt1>, lnrdl.:cruvl Cul111r.: 111 Ekt1i>.rlr.n1 LtnJ )t1cub.:,m EngkmJ: Tit.: larin \X'riring:;
    uf rlt .: (L.:cJ ,: Fran.:i> Cairn, , 1990), 110- 1-1.
    Eli:,rhcrh J.mc Wt:>f<ll1, Cuth rd \l; 'ritin)!>. eJ . D.makl Ch.:no.:y .mJ Br.:nJ.1 ll! .
    1-(, , ingr.m, wit h rh.: .rs,isr.mc.: ,,f D. K. 1\ l,m.:y (T,>runr,1: Un11.:r>ll \' ,tf T.>romo
    Pro.:, 2000) , xii. Tho.: >uurc.:s .:itecl art: W. P. \V. l'hill nhm:, eJ., 0 >-furd Pmrsh
    l-1..-gi>l<l'>. t\!ani,t):>.'S , l'ul. I (L,mJ,>n, 190':1), -I; J.u:k H' "' ' rJ -Dr.t k.:, OxfurJ Church
    C?ull l'l > D.:posiriun> 15-f2- 155J (OxlurJ, 19\1 1 ), ir.:m 3; Chtpping N.>rr<n\
    Su..: 1.:ry .mcl rhc 1\ (i,>t:S 1\ lcade.,, checkcJ agJm>r an ;m, >nymuu> copy nf ea. 1790.
    \V.:; tun, CcAI.:ct.:J \X'ririll)!>, 136--1 1. I am grar.:iul tu Su, an for Cttpi.:> ut'
    rh, <>rtgin,\l publican< m ,,f \X/.:>l<>n', puem> anJ tu B. K. ld arnn rhc rr.m, l.tri<llb
    t'r. un rh.: Lar in.
    \XI.:, tun, Colb:r.:d \\" >Uing>, HV---1 ).
    \X' .:, r. u\ , Cull.:crd W'riring>, 176- 79. D.:.: C:<liT<:>p<nt,I.:J ' "rh i\I.II U>, ,m,l wa, \' l>l! o.:J
    hy h11n 111 Trd><n\ (Fcntc>n, iO-f , 238).
    A,/ Nubil.:11t .:r lirchllllm tinnn On IOANNEt\ lll.-\t\ 1.\ lUNil 't\ l ,mu.:ul n su11m ..:ul..-n-
    dwn . .: r t\ l,rgr>rrwn ulnn llt.: tioni> .: rgu (Cull<ct.:11 \\:'rirings ,
    312- 13). I k ha> bt:.:n icl.:nr ih.;,l wi th rh.: man Dc.: hircJ in Tro.: bun ,m ,-\u"U>l 7
    I 5b8 (PO, 18, 31, 32; F.:nrun, 236, 2-10). " '
    l h;11.: nllr >l!l!ll rhi, \'lllllm.:. i\ ly inf,1rnt.llin i> lr>lll J>h n Fo.:rgu><>n, Biblwtlr.:cct
    Ch.: mi .. r: ' ' C<lhcl,gu.: .. J rh.: -\lch.:mtcctl , Cll.:tnlcal LtnJ Phann,u:.:wic<ll Bvoh in rh.:
    Coll.:criun u/ 1/t.: Lu.: ),11!\.:S Young >J Kdly Omris, E>y, LL. 0 ., F. R. S. , F. R.
    S. E. , 1 ,,,t,. (Kil.1 , !\ IT: Kc,,ing.: r, 1\19 1), 1:-1 5-f, 2:-163.
    I 32.
    I ll .
    The ml.: ,,f W.nro.:, EJu,trd 1(,11), ,..,,tJ, "N"" IH>I puhlt, h.:.l t. r b.:ttdil
    ,
    1
    i the Stll\> of Hcrm.:> by J. L. C. (Th.u i>, John Ltll y .mJ l\k-11c e,,,,,ul>.>n) ."
    Tht> h.t> ' "' ..: r..:,lthtluy. Fo.:q.:u><Hl >ugg..:>r> Ltn,;c
    CanJiJmu> (L3tbliothcc,t ! : b) . Thc u e.lll>l! HI th.: Phd, ,,.,ph..: r', Sr<>n<
    whtch Kdl y J .:Jic.u.:J L<> RuJ,,Ii ti r, r '' i'i'"rr.;,l in .t ,;,,tk..: ri<lll .:Juo.:J b1 P<.:tr..Cl <>,
    Dr..:y Vvrn4 J1 i.:h.: unJ nu.:h ni<! im Druc/.. gcu'c><!llc Bit.:lr..-r .lli . . ( 1111 f),,
    \X/drbcruhnucn Engdi<lnd.:>S E.lo<trtli l(dl.:t.:i clll>>}ll hrltcha Tr,u:wr cbn /(,1)>.:1 1-luJ.,/ph._,


    publt, h.:J m Hamburg by j,,h,m N.nnn.m, 1670, ro.:pnnr.:J by G,m-
    iri.:J Llt:bc:o;: tr, 1691 (Bchlwrh.:cet Ch.:nucct, 1:226- 27, -1 >7- 3::>; E\.111>, l{uJ<ilj 11 .
    227 n.l ).
    Ftr>t publt, h.:,l L.m.I.m: Ell t,>ll , l b\1); rcpt tnb mclu,lo.: LmJ, m: Sru.trr .m.l
    1970; N.:w Yurk: :3.unud \X/.:I.cr, 1970; Lrrg>: B.tnl\11\ Pr<:>>, I \1'.1 1. Fur <.:Hll ll\l! nt..tl).
    ><=<: Lyn,l) f\brah.nn, "EJw..rrcl Kelly', 1-b.:ruglyph," in .mJ Ltn,kn, .:.!>.,
    Embkn1> vnJ ,-\lch.:m) , 95- luo. I have: bo.:cn unable: l t> J. Gth><m, "An lmt:r
    prcrari<H\ uf Symb,tlt >m wuh Rei.:rcnc.: I' rhc Wnting> ,,J E,l\1 .1rJ
    Kd ly," j uum.tl of rh< Alch.:mi.:ttl Suet<! C)' 3,1 5 (Dcc.:mlxr 19 1-1 ): I 1- 2 5, w eJ m .-\Lm
    PritcharJ, Alchemy: A vf \\'nung> (L,mJ ,Jil.
    RourleJgc & Kcgan P,Htl. 1980).
    I havo.: mo..lern1: cJ >pdlmg anJ >L.m, l.trJI:e,l n.nnc> m rh.: J , >< ll ll\<.:lll .:xct:qt.:J
    in thi> arr idc; the full r<.:x L> Jr<.: giv.:n m my R..lt>lll)! Sptrtu, GoiJ,
    \XIucs: Th.: Tru.: AJwuwr.:> o} Dr ]uhn D.:.: wtJ Srr (Nutrmgh.ull:
    Shn..:>trtng Pr.:, 1999). T.::-.1> anJ J tg.:>l> ,rf rh.: St.ll..: PJp.:r> c.m b.: htunJ 111
    Calet uL.rr of Star.: Dum.:>ttc.S.:nc>, of th.: Rdgrb oJ EJuLtrJ VI. t\ lt1t} .
    15-17- 1580. cJ. R,>b.:n L.:mun (LmJ,tn, 1856); C tkn.Ltr oj Oum.:,u,
    Series, ttllcl )ttll t<s I. AJcl.:nJa 1580- 1625 . c.!. Ann Ev.:r.:rt Gr.:.:n
    (L,mJ,m, 1 b 72 ); Cak nJur uj Swtc For.:ign S.:nc> , of the ll} Ek,tb..rn
    vpl. 21 , pr. I, ) tmc 1580-]un.: 1588 . .:J. Supluc L,un.L> ( LunJ . u\, 1921 ).
    Cakncltr of Swr.: p,,p.:rs Scnc> oj th.: of ' ol. 2 3. J,mt"-ll')-)t.l)
    1589, eJ . Richar,l Bruc.: Wernham (lunJun, 1950); u , r cmJ Analy>i> uJ Su.H.:
    Sc'Tt<!> I Pr.:,.:rwJ in th< Public RccorJ Oj}i.:c, ""1. I , .-\11,\!ll>f
    1589- ]un.: 1590; ,-,JI. 1, July 1590-t\1<1) 1591, cJ. RidurJ Bruc..: W.:rnh.un (L, H\
    don, 19o-l, 19o9). Cr,,wn w pynght m.n<!n.tl th.: Puhli..: Rcc.trcl
    Kcw-(SP 8 1/6, f,,ts. 7- tl), (SP o1/7, f,tl. HO), (:31' t3 1/l , tub. anJ \ SI'
    82/3, td. 13-ll- 1> n.: pr<>J u..: .:J by p.:nni h>n <l f rhe Cunrr.tll.:r >I. 1-lcr 1\l.tj.:>t\ ',
    Srari.tncry Ofticc.

    You might also like