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    Erth3021 Seismic Refraction Prac

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    Dhaffer Al-Mezhany
    This document outlines the steps for a seismic refraction practical involving the interpretation of 12-channel and 120-channel refraction data using slope-intercept and reciprocal methods. The goals are to gain experience picking arrival times; interpret data manually and with Python code; estimate velocities, depths, and dips; and make geological and engineering assessments based on the refraction results. Reciprocal analysis, linear regression functions, and automated processing with Python are used to interpret the longer 120-channel dataset and assess bedrock depth and quality for road construction.

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    Erth3021 Seismic Refraction Prac

    Uploaded by

    Dhaffer Al-Mezhany
    94 views3 pages
    This document outlines the steps for a seismic refraction practical involving the interpretation of 12-channel and 120-channel refraction data using slope-intercept and reciprocal methods. The goals are to gain experience picking arrival times; interpret data manually and with Python code; estimate velocities, depths, and dips; and make geological and engineering assessments based on the refraction results. Reciprocal analysis, linear regression functions, and automated processing with Python are used to interpret the longer 120-channel dataset and assess bedrock depth and quality for road construction.

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    This document outlines the steps for a seismic refraction practical involving the interpretation of 12-channel and 120-channel refraction data using slope-intercept and reciprocal methods. The goals are to gain experience picking arrival times; interpret data manually and with Python code; estimate velocities, depths, and dips; and make geological and engineering assessments based on the refraction results. Reciprocal analysis, linear regression functions, and automated processing with Python are used to interpret the longer 120-channel dataset and assess bedrock depth and quality for road construction.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    94 views3 pages

    Erth3021 Seismic Refraction Prac

    Uploaded by

    Dhaffer Al-Mezhany
    This document outlines the steps for a seismic refraction practical involving the interpretation of 12-channel and 120-channel refraction data using slope-intercept and reciprocal methods. The goals are to gain experience picking arrival times; interpret data manually and with Python code; estimate velocities, depths, and dips; and make geological and engineering assessments based on the refraction results. Reciprocal analysis, linear regression functions, and automated processing with Python are used to interpret the longer 120-channel dataset and assess bedrock depth and quality for road construction.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    ERTH3021 Exploration and Mining Geophysics Practical 3: Seismic Refraction Interpretation

    Aims Gain experience at picking arrival times from a simple refraction record. Carry out manual interpretation of simple 12-channel data using both slopeintercept and reciprocal methods. Implement Python code to perform reciprocal refraction analysis. Perform reciprocal analysis on a 120-channel reversed refraction recording. Make geological and engineering deductions based on the seismic refraction data.

    1. Slope-intercept analysis of 12-channel refraction record. You will be provided with forward and reverse recordings from a 12-channel refraction spread acquired near the UQ lakes. The geophone interval was 5m, and the shots were 2.5m from the nearest geophone. For convenience, we will do our interpretation directly on these eld records. (i) Estimate the arrival time on each channe, and mark on the records. (ii) Mark in the time axis at each shotpoint (2.5m from Channel 1 or 12). (iii) Mark in the direct and refracted segments on the forward and reverse records. (iv) Use the slope of the direct-wave segment to estimate the v1 velocity. How do the estimates at each end of the spread compare. (v) Use the slope of the refracted-wave segment to estimate the apparent v2 velocities in the forward and reverse directions, and hence estimate the true v2 velocity. Comment on possible dip in the refractor. (vi) Calculate the critical angle of refraction appropriate to this recording. (vii) Measure the intercept at each shot point, and hence estimate the depth to refractor at each shotpoint. (viii) Use these depths to estimate refractor dip, and compare this with your answer to Q1(v) .

    Seismic Refraction Practical

    ERTH3021

    Page 1

    2. Reciprocal Analysis of 12-channel refraction record. (i) Working on the UQ lakes records from Q1, estimate the reciprocal time (total shot-to-shot time). (ii) For those geophones receiving both forward and reverse refractions, compute the time-depth and velocity functions. Tabulate these as a function of geophone coordinate. (iii) Sketch the velocity function versus geophone position, and use this plot to obtain an estimate of the true v2 velocity. How does this compare with the slopeintercept estimate of v2 . (iv) From the time-depth values, estimate the refractor depth in the central part of the spread. How does this compare with the depths obtained in the slope-intercept analysis. (v) Concisely comment on possible geological interpretation of the layers detected by the seismic refraction. 3. Testing of linear-regression function (i) Download the function lineart.py from the erth3021 download site. (ii) Test this function using the (x, tv ) data from Q2(iii). Check the derived v2 estimate against that obtained manually. 4. Slope-intercept examination of 120-Channel refraction data. You will be provided with travel-time picks from a 120-channel reversed refraction recording, acquired as part of a civil-engineering roadbuilding project. The line was recorded to assist in the placement of a road cutting. We will interpret these data using the reciprocal method. Because of the volume of data, we will automate the process with Python programs. (i) Download the arrival-time data le (NE14B-12.picks) and familiarise yourself with the header information, and le structure. (ii) Write a python program to construct a time vs distance plot for these data. (iii) Note the range of geophones which record reversed refraction arrivals. (iv) Use the lineart function to estimate the average v1 and v2 velocities. (v) Use intercepts to estimate refractor depths at the shotpoints. (vi) Estimate the reciprocal time for use in the reciprocal analysis.
    Seismic Refraction Practical ERTH3021 Page 2

    5. Reciprocal-Method interpretation of 120-channel refraction data. (i) Write a python program to plot the time-depth (tG ) and velocity-function (tV ) for these data. Note that you should only plot these functions over the range of geophones recording both forward and reverse refractions. (ii) Estimate the slope of the tv plot, using the lineart function, and a running window approach. The length of the running window will be a compromise between resolution (short window) and stability (long window). Hence produce a third subplot, showing the variation of the v2 velocity along the line. (iii) Combine your tG , v1 ,and v2 results to add a fourth subplot which shows the refractor elevation along the line. This calculation should allow for any major variations of v1 and v2 along the line. (iv) Provide a concise geotechnical interpretation of the geophysical results. This should summarise bedrock prole and rippability. At what location along the line would you position a transverse road cutting, to achieve the most economical construction.

    Seismic Refraction Practical

    ERTH3021

    Page 3

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