Very Large Power System Operators in the World

S.K. Soonee Chief Executive Officer Power System Operation Corporation Ltd. 18th March 2011

NLDC

Indian Power System : Amongst the Largest in the World

PJM (USA) 165GW Capita: 51m MidWest ISO (USA) 159GW Capita: 40m National Grid (UK) 68GW Capita: 65m SO - UPS (Russia) 146 GW Capita: 144m SGCC (China) 900GW Capita: 1000m

RTE (France) 93GW Capita: 65m Red Electrica (Spain) 93GW Capita: 47m ONS (Brazil) 100GW Capita: 170m

Tepco (Japan) 64GW Capita: 45m

KPX (South Korea) 70GW Capita: 49m Terna (Italy) 57GW Capita: 60m PGCIL (India) 163GW Capita: 1200m

Eskom (South Africa) 43.5GW Capita: 49m

Source: VLPGO, 2010

Snapshot Of Indian Power System

Typical Numbers for Indian Power System

Demand Generating Units 400kV & above Trans. Line Transformers Busses Control Areas Inter-State Metering Points Schedule Matrix Elements :~ 110 GW :~ 1600 :~ 700 :~ 2000 :~ 5000 :~ 100 :~ 3000 :~ 96 X 100 X (~10) ~=100000 Open Access transactions typical daily Captives participating in market :~ 100 :~ 125

Peculiarities of Indian Power System

High Growth Rate Shortage both (MW & MU) Federal Structure Decentralized Scheduling & Despatch Diversity Unique Holding pattern Floating Frequency Large Hydro Variation Large Demand Variation

How do we relate Internationally to the Other Grid Operators Worldwide ?

Associations Worldwide Very Large Power Grid Operators (VLPGO) TSO-Comparison Group CIGRE - C2 and C5 committees International Interconnections
SAARC

Very Large Power Grid Operators (VLPGO)

Formation of the VLPGO

A voluntary initiative of the worlds largest Power Grid Operators Representing together more than 60% of the electricity demand in the world. Created in 2004 Not-for-profit organization Followed several blackouts across the world To investigate fundamental issues of common interest to its members To develop joint action plans addressing the improvement of power system security. Formalized in 2009 Specific Focus Issues related to Very Large Power Grids Membership Size > 50 GW

VLPGO : Role of Grid Operators Worldwide

Work constantly to plan, monitor, supervise and control the energy delivered as a continuous process 24 hours a day Delivering the electricity that powers modern societies Critical role of Grid Operators includes
acting on behalf of Consumers, to ensure quality while minimizing costs and recognizing economic and societal dependence on electricity; a technical role in planning, designing, and managing the Power Systems; an interface role with generators, market participants and distributors, which are the most direct users of the transmission grid; a natural role of interlocutors with power exchanges, regulators and governments.

Common Challenges for VLPGO

Providing power system reliability and security Smart Grid development Integration of Renewables Integration of Electric Vehicles Capacity development and optimization including system renovation and development, equipment upgrading. Reducing CO2 emissions Improve productivity and energy efficiency Power system visualization Demand Side Management Interconnections Development of new technologies and HVDC Establishment and coordination of new control centers
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VLPGO Vision and Mission

Vision To be a leader and a catalyst in the transition of the electric power industry to the power grid of the 21st century Mission Develop an international consensus on strategic issues which are unique to the very large power grid and market operators Develop a common vision with respect to the technologies and best practices required to address those issues Facilitate the implementation of the vision through information exchanges, collaborative projects and cooperation with other international organizations.

Objectives: Transition to Grid of 21st Century

Innovate Thinking
An international consensus on strategic issues challenging the very large power grid and market operators

Technology Advancement
A common vision with respect to the technologies and best practices required to address those issues in a framework of social and environmental responsibility of each member.

Industry Leadership
Through a common Communication Policy, the dissemination and implementation of a common vision through information exchange, collaborative projects and cooperation with other international organizations.

Expectation within VLPGO framework

Sharing worldwide experience and knowledge on best practices to improve the power system security and performance Building a common vision on the transition towards a more modern power system (i.e. Smart Grids) Being catalyst towards Manufacturers and Vendors to make available the best technologies to the Power Systems Creating a industry voice on the transition to a more sustainable energy system and the journey to COP 17 and the enabling environments required to support the electricity supply industry worldwide. Enhancement of transmission security: security must be a permanent concern of VLPGO Communication Strategy: PGOs must have communication 13 strategies for regular, risk and crisis situations.

VLPGO Delivering Value to its Members

Emerging Technology Identify early trends Assess common impacts Develop common solution requirements Shared Learning Identify common key operational risks Share after-the-fact analysis of major events Common Approaches & Solutions Develop common specifications across suppliers Create new market mechanisms Produce guidelines for common reliability issues Best Practices Share best Ideas and policies Create methodologies for evaluation or analysis Industry Influence Develop common positions for industry stakeholders

Structure of VLPGO Activities

The VLPGO consists of: Governing Board

5 Joint Projects
Short-term collaboration on specific project by subset of members

5 Working Groups

2 Workshops
One of exploration of topic area

Task Task Task Task Task

The Governing Board has:

Streamlined the working approach between different forums Is writing guidance for conveyors to improve performance (2010) Focused on a smaller number of activities to deliver material progress & create a multi-year plan
15

Year 2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Work Group/Joint Project WG #1 WG #2 WG #3 WG #1 WG #2 WG #3 WG #1 WG #2 WG #3 WG #1 WG #2 WG #3 WG #1 WG #2 WG #3 JP #1 JP #2 JP #3 JP #4 JP #5 JP #6 WG #1 WG #2a WG #2b WG #3 JP #1 JP #2 JP #3 JP #4 WS #1 WS #2

Name of the WG/JP/WS Cascading Events and How to Prevent Them EMS Architectures For The 21st Century Advanced Decision Support Tools Cascading Events and Restoration Process EMS Architectures For The 21st Century Advanced Decision Support Tools Application of PMU Technology, with Emphasis on Early Detection and Prevention of Cascading Events" Visualization for Decision Support in the Control Room Market Mechanisms and Incentive Instruments to promote generating capacity - and demand response Application of Synchrophasor Technology in Power system operation Preventing Blackouts and Cascading events Market Mechanisms and Incentive Instruments to promote generating capacity - and demand response Synchrophasors Enhanced Security Integration of Renewables Asset Management HVDC PHEVs Backup Control Centers Monitoring and Automation Visualization Synchrophasors Enhanced Security- Vulnerability Enhanced Security- Restoration Integration of Renewable Technologies Asset Management HVDC PHEVs Monitoring and Automation Smart Grid 16 Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

VLPGO 2011 Joint Activities

Working Groups
WG #1 Wide Area Monitoring Applications (PJM) WG #2 Enhanced Security (Terna/ONS) WG 2a Security vs. Operation Costs (Terna/ONS) WG 2b Enhanced Network Restoration (Terna/ONS) WG 2c Equipment Overstressing (ONS) WG 2d Security of Supply to large metro areas (?) WG #3 Integration of Renewables (NG) WG #4 Load Forecasting (REE) WG #5 HVDC (ONS) WG #6 Electric Vehicles (PJM) WG #7 Storage (MISO)

Joint Projects
Visualization (SGCC)

Workshops
WS #1 KPIs (SO UPS) WS #2 Smart Grid (KPX)
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VLPGO Current Activities - mapped

Principle Drivers
Renewable
WG #3: Integration of Renewable Technologies JP #2: HVDC in Synchronous Power Systems JP #3: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Smart
WS #1: Smart Grids

Security and Safety of Supply

WG #2a: Enhanced Security - Vulnerability JP #4: Monitoring and Automation

Enduring Drivers
New Technology WG #1: SynchroPhasors (Wide Area Monitoring) Efficient Operation
JP #1: Asset Management WG #2c: Equipment Overstresses WS #2 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)

#5: Visualization
WG #2b: Enhanced Security - Restoration

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VLPGO Accomplishments thus far

SynchroPhasors: WAMS Architecture Requirements and PMU Certification Test Methodology Preliminary Report, 2008

Capacity Markets: Market Mechanisms and incentive Instrument to Promote Generating Capacity and Demand Response, 2008

Self Healing Grid: Cascading Events and How to Prevent Them Restoration Process Prevention Of Large-Scale Blackouts In The Large Metropolitan Cities, 2006 - Application Guide Self Healing Techniques to Prevent Black Outs and Cascading Events, 2008

EMS Architecture: EMS Architectures for the 21st Century (transferred this work to CIGRE working group D2.24)
19
19

VLPGO Workplan Road Ahead

NLDC

20

VLPGO Future Drivers

Principle Drivers

Connecting low carbon renewable sources of generation

Building SMARTer electricity networks of the future & the impact of SMART load changes

Ensuring the future Security and Safety of Supply of our networks

Enduring Drivers Advancing and implementing new technology to the benefits of our customers

Developing network capacity & operating our electricity networks in the most efficient and economical way we can
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TSO Comparison Group

The Group of International Comparison of Transmission System Operation Practice

Mission
To exchange information on Power System Operators current and future operating practices for the purpose of benchmarking. An annual survey is undertaken to ascertain
Equivalent staffing requirements Best practices Performance measures

Areas
Transmission system operations including generation scheduling and dispatching, Electricity market operation, Operations planning, Settlements, Information technology, training, etc.

Managed by Kema

Most important reasons for being a member

Performance Measures Database (> 50 data points) Comparing with other TSOs (Benchmark Model) Identification of peers (Company profiles / Activity Lists) Learning from other TSOs (Best Practice) Informal contacts and TSO Questionnaires (Networking) Counter Benchmark to Regulatory Benchmark (Insurance policy)

Members
Members Name
ESKOM Red Elctrica de Espaa* Landsnet Fingrid* Amprion* Transpower NZ* Saudi Electricity Company TenneT Statnett SF PJM Interconnection** National Grid Electricity Transmission* CLP Power* ESB NG Transpower Swissgrid Rede Elctrica Nacional Hydro Qubec Svenska Kraftnt PSE EWA China Southern Power Grid Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.

Country
South Africa Spain Iceland Finland Germany New Zealand Saudi Arabia Netherlands Norway PA, USA United Kingdom Hong Kong Ireland Germany Switzerland Portugal Canada Sweden Poland Bahrain China India

Benchmarking Model
The TSO Comparison Group is using an advanced multidimensional Benchmark Model for comparing TSOs System Operation organization. The Models multidimensional approach provides insight into the efficiency and effectiveness of each TSO with respect to both its own environment (size, structure, regulation et al) and to other TSO environments. The Models output has demonstrated the capability of identifying generic differences (resulting in ad hoc peer-groups) as well as generic similarities. The Models output has been utilized for mergers (in defining staff sizing requirements), and tested for self-analysis (in validating actual staff sizes).

Features of the benchmarking model

The model aids in highlighting the effects of non-traditional changes within peer groups. As non-traditional changes, such as new Market initiatives are developed, the Model will display the areas of change. Although the value of those changes will vary with corporate objectives, the magnitude and the areas impacted by the changes will be highlighted by the Model. The key feature of the Model is that it does not focus on defining the best and the worst TSOs, but rather focuses on identifying differences between TSOs. Whether differences are good or not will depend on many factors the Model allows the user to make those value decisions based on the goals of the respective user.

For Benchmark purposes a standard TSO with five key System Operation processes has been defined..

1 year ahead

2 weeks ahead

day of operation

After day of operation

Operations Planning

Scheduling

Real Time Operation

After The Fact

Support time

..and a process which takes into account the remaining differences between TSOs

Data Collected annually since 2000, validated by KEMA, verified by group

Example of data points:
Operations Planning (1 year to 2 weeks before day of operation) Number of Planned Transmission Outages Number of Planned Generating-unit Outages Scheduling (2 weeks to 1 day before day of operation): Accuracy of peak load forecast Accuracy of minimum load forecast Transmission congestion: Generation constrained "on". Foreseen transmission concerns Scheduled transmission outage requests Scheduled generation outages Real Time Operation (Day of Operation): Frequency control performance Average overall system deviation Generation and load instructions Personnel on shift RTO transmission outages taken Support Operator training hours of teachers Number of SCADA database points (Status points, Analog points, Control points) Overall Performance: Transmitted energy at risk Response Time of Area Control Error or Frequency Energy unsupplied due to 'unsupplied energy incidents' Unsupplied energy incidents Voltage excursions Reference Data Number of Staff in Full Time Equivalents, separately for each process Costs, separately for each process and network losses Network date, including e.g. Circuit Ends, Line lengths, Generators, Peak Load, Transmitted Energy, Interconnectors.

All data are available for members

For each process, two benchmark models have been developed

COST Based Model PERFORMANCE Based Model

Environmental Factors (e.g. network size)

Input (staff, cost)

TSO Process

Output (uniform)

..Here, an example of one of the 10 benchmark models is shown

Environmental Factors
EF1: Network Size (circuit ends, generators, interconnectors) EF2: Planned Outages (Transmission and Generation)

Input
FTE

Operations Planning

Output (uniform)

FTE i = c + 1EF1,i + 2EF2,i

Model parameters based on regression of TSO data

Real Time Operation FTE Model

At the Interim workshop it was decided to apply a fix constant of 6 for the RTO (FTE) model, which is considered to be to be the minimum staff required for 24 x7 operation in a control centre.
Circuit Ends, Switched Circuit Ends, Generating Units, Interconnectors, RTO Transmission Outages taken
EF1= NTW3 + NTW3a + 5*(NTW4 + NTW10a + NTW10b) EF2= RTO5

FTEs

Input

Real Time Operation

Output

constant

FTE = 1 EF1 + 2 EF2 + 6 error

NTW3 = Circuit Ends NTW3a = Switched circuit ends NTW4 = Generation Units NTW10a = AC Interconnectors NTW10b = DC Interconnectors RTO5 = RTO Transmission outages taken

Operation Planning FTE Model

Environmental Factors
NTW3 = Circuit Ends NTW4 = Generation Units NTW10a = AC Interconnectors NTW10b = DC Interconnectors

EF1= NTW3 + 5*(NTW4 + NTW10a + NTW10b) EF2= OPL1 + OPL2 + SCH3

OPL1 = Planned Transmission outage requests OPL2 = Planned Generation unit outages SCH3 = Foreseen Transmission concerns

Scheduling FTE Model

Environmental Factors
SCH3 = Foreseen Transmission concerns SCH5 = Scheduled Transmission outages SCH6 = Scheduled Generation outages

EF1= SCH3 + SCH5 + SCH6

After the Fact FTE Model

Environmental Factors
Cost or FTE
NTW3 = Circuit Ends NTW4 = Generation Units NTW10a = AC Interconnectors NTW10b = DC Interconnectors

EF1= NTW3 + 5*(NTW4 + NTW10a + NTW10b) EF2= OAP4

OAP4 = Unsupplied energy incidents

Support FTE Model

Environmental Factors
NTW3 = Circuit Ends NTW4 = Generation Units NTW10a = AC Interconnectors NTW10b = DC Interconnectors

EF1= NTW3 + 5*(NTW4 + NTW10a + NTW10b) EF2= SCH5 + SCH6

SCH5 = Scheduled Transmission outages SCH6 = Scheduled Generation outages

Which results in an assessment for each process for FTE and Cost
50 45 40 35 30 FTEs 25 20 15 10 5 0

Actual 2005 FTEs Benchmark results (dots) with standard deviation

Example of Benchmark Results Details are available to members only

Simultaneously differences between TSOs are being investigated

Part of Activity List for Operations Planning process
Task Description Not done Transmission Outage management network 1 TSO Network capability assessment 2 TSOs Contingency planning 5 TSOs Switching programmes 3 TSOs Interconnector transfers Emergency preparedness 3 TSOs Energy assessment Demand forecast 5 TSOs Generation schedule Hydro management Manage transmission losses AS requirement AS procurement 7 TSOs 5 TSOs 6 TSOs 4 TSOs Receive Activity level Forecast 2 TSOs 6 TSOs 1 TSO Determine 18 TSOs 11 TSOs 16 TSOs 15 TSOs 3 TSOs 1 TSO
(A) Network Analysis

2 TSOs 1 TSO

14 TSOs 18 TSOs

1 TSO

Share in IT costs

1 TSO Monitoring and 5 TSOs Visualisation 1 TSO (C) SCADA 5 /TSOs EMS Database
(and real-time enablers)

(B) SCADA / EMS Display,

11 TSOs 9 TSOs 9 TSOs 15 TSOs 11 TSOs 16 TSOs

2 TSOs (D) Training 2 Simulator TSOs

(E) Operations Planning (F) Transactions Scheduling 3 TSOs (G) History & Forecasting (H) TSO Data and Information Exchange (I) Market Based Applications (J) others

Ancillary Services (AS) management

Details are available for members

And summarized in management presentations

50 45 40 35 30 FTEs 25 20 15 10 5 0 50 45 40 35 30 FTEs 25 20 15 10 5 0 50 45 40 35 30 FTEs 25 20 15 10 5 0 50 45 40 35 30 FTEs 25 20 15 10 5 0 50 45 40 35 30 FTEs 25 20 15 10 5 0

Actual 2005 FTEs Benchmark results (dots) Actual deviation 2005 FTEs with standard Benchmark results (dots) Actual deviation 2005 FTEs with standard Benchmark results (dots) Actual deviation 2005 FTEs with standard Benchmark results (dots) Actual deviation 2005 FTEs with standard Benchmark results (dots) with standard deviation

Average performance

Low Resources / High Performance

Sum of five benchmark results

RESOURCES

Average resources High Resources / Low Performance

PERFORMANCE

Quality of System Operation (frequency, energy not supplied, Voltage)

Results of Annual Survey

An important basis for performance comparison and for improvement of operating practices. Experience of Members of the Group discussed each year in one or two Workshops upon invitation of one of the participating companies Membership of TSO is presently restricted to up to 30 companies / departments that qualify as an operator of a bulk transmission system

Issues to be Considered in International Interconnections

Guiding Attributes
Spirit of regional cooperation Approach towards long-term planning Energy policy structure and goals Adherence to international agreements Encourage cross border trades

International Interconnections - Benefits

Improving Reliability and Pooling of Reserves Reduced investment in generating capacity Improving load factor and increasing load diversity Economies of scale Diversity of generation mix and supply security Economic exchange Environmentally benign dispatch and siting of new plant Coordination of maintenance schedules

International Interconnections Various Aspects

Technical Commercial Regulatory/Legal Coordination

Technical Objectives
Economy Security Reliability Efficiency Minimal environmental impact Quality

Coordination
Working level coordination committee
Technical Operation Commercial Protection

Weblink: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/publications/energy/interconnections.pdf
48

International Interconnections
Nepal Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV Radial links with Nepal Net import by Nepal Bhutan Tala: 1020 MW Chukha: 336 MW Kurichu: 60 MW Net import by India

India- Bhutan synchronous links 400 kV Tala-Binaguri D/C 400 kV Tala-Malbase-Binaguri 220 kV Chukha-Birpara D/C 220 kV Chukha-Malbase-Birpara 132 kV Kurichu-Bongaigaon Bangladesh 400 KV AC line between Baharampur(India) and Bheramara(Bangladesh) with 500 MW HVDC sub-station at Bheramara

Maps not to scale

Sri Lanka Madurai(India) and Anuradhapura(Sri-Lanka) through 500 KV HVDC under sea cable

Survey Questionnaires
Questionnaire I Present Power Supply Position Questionnaire II
Organization of the Electricity Supply Industry Power System Planning & Planning Criterion Legal / Regulatory Issues Load despatch function Technical Issues Balancing Supply Demand Electricity Market Ancillary Services Renewable Energy Resources Transmission Pricing Congestion Management Grid discipline Investments Existing International Interconnections

Questionnaire III Long term projections

50

Draft Template Contents

51

Draft Template Tables and Figures

52

CIGRE (INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL ON LARGE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS)

Aim
CIGRE (International Council on Large Electric Systems) is one of the leading worldwide Organizations on Electric Power Systems, covering their technical, economic, environmental, organisational and regulatory aspects. A permanent, non-governmental and non-profit International Association, based in France, CIGRE was founded in 1921 and aims to:
Facilitate the exchange of information between engineering personnel and specialists in all countries and develop knowledge in power systems. Add value to the knowledge and information exchanged by synthesizing state-of-the-art world practices. Make managers, decision-makers and regulators aware of the synthesis of CIGRE's work, in the area of electric power.

CIGRE: Developing Technical Knowledge

CIGRE develops technical knowledge through 3 types of activities: - Organizing Conferences and meetings, where papers are discussed, - Carrying out Permanent studies by 16 Study Committees, each dealing with a specific technical field, publishing reports and organizing Tutorials. - Making its publications available to members of CIGRE and others.

Study Committee C2 - System Operation and Control

The Study Committee C2 serves within Cigr by forming a working concept for the functionalities, structures and competence needed to operate integrated power systems in a way that is in compliance with the social requirements for security of electricity supply. The performance of power systems in real time depend on technical quality factors built into the systems through various activities and knowledge currently covered by the other Cigr Study Committees. SC C2 therefore needs to use and combine results provided within these committees. An area which is unique for C2 is however the dependency on a good performance of human resources in real-time system operation activities. In these respects SC C2 encircles a wide range of competence areas and interfaces to other disciplines.

Mission and Scope of CIGRE Study Committee C2

Mission of SC C2: To facilitate and promote the progress of engineering and the international exchange of information and knowledge in the field of system operation and control. To add value to this information and knowledge by means of synthesizing state-of-the-art practices and developing recommendations. The Scope of SC C2: The scope of the SC covers the technical, human resource and institutional aspects and conditions for a secure and economic operation of existing power systems under security requirements against system disintegration, equipment damages and human injuries

Driving forces for future work

The priorities to important emerging factors that will influence and define new requirements on the System Operation performance. Directions are:
Integration of regional and national grids into large open markets Management of generation capacity and energy shortages Management of capacity shortages Impact from new sources of dispersed generation and related system requirements Influence from customer needs and response Interaction between open market trading mechanisms and power system operation in congestion and transit flow management Integration of information and communication technology

Sub Committees of C2
Type 1 Number 2
WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG WG JWG C2.11 C2.12 C2.13 C2.14 C2.15 C2.16 C2.21 C2.22 C2.31 C2.32 C2.33 C2.34 C2/C5.05

Title 3
System control in light of recent developments in Substation control (IEC standards). Applications of Synchronised Phasor Measurement in Power Systems Voltage and Var support in System Operation Requirement on design and implementation of Restoration Tools and Procedures Common Information Model and its prospective use in power system operations Challenges in the control centre (EMS) due to distributed Generation and Renewables Lessons learnt from recent Emergencies and Blackout Incidents Application of resilience engineering to safety management principles in Control Centers, ensuring and enhancing power system reliability Joint and coordinated development of operators in control center from different companies and nationalities Emergency organisation in control centres crisis management in system operation Control Centre Operator Requirements, Selection, Training and Certification Capabilities and requirements of a control centre in the 21st century - Functional and Human resources view Developments and changes in the Business of System Operators

Convener 4
M. Power (EI) TBD T. Papazoglou ( GR) TBD TBD M. Power (EI) Ben Li T. Carolin (ZA) Udo Spanel (DE) Ch. Fontaine (BE) N. Cukalevski (RS) Udo Spanel (DE) O. Gjerde (NO)

Created5
2007 Proposed 2007 Proposed Proposed 2011

Disb 6
2010 TBD 2011 TBD TBD 2013

June 2010 2012 2009 2011 2007 2007 2009 2009 2000 2008
7

2008 2011 2011 2010

1 2

Type : Working Group (WG), Task Force (TF), Advisory Group (AG), Co-operation Group (CG), Joint Working Group (JWG), Joint Task Force (JTF), Number : identification number 3 Title : full title in English 4 Name : Initials NAME (2 letters for nationality) 5 Created : year of creation 6 Disbanded : scheduled year of disbanding 7 Disbanded in December 2008

Study Committee C5 - Electricity Markets and Regulation

The Mission of Study Committee C5 is "to facilitate and promote the progress of engineering and the international exchange of information and knowledge in the field of electricity markets and regulations. To add value to this information and knowledge by means of synthesizing state-of-the-art practices and by developing recommendations." SC C5 Strategic Goals
Development and changes in the Business of System Operations Market Entities Market Activities and Market Design Market Regulations

Working Groups of C5 Committee

The six Working Groups and one Joint Working Group approved by Technical Committee are: WG C5-3 Investments & Financing of new Transmission and Generation Assets in a Deregulated Environment Market Design Structure and Development of Electricity Markets Renewables and energy efficiency in a deregulated market Retail Market Competition Customer Switching, Metering and Load profiles Establishment of Effective and Sustainable Regulatory Incentives for Capital Investments in Electricity Networks and Generation Market design for large scale integration of renewable energy sources and demand side management Development and Changes in the Business of System Operators

WG C5-7 WG C5-8 WG C5-9

WG C5-10

WG C5-11

JWG C2/C55

CIGRE WG/Task Force/Study Committees

WG / Task Force / Study Committee Working group 03(Operational Working group 39.05 of Study Working group 04 of Study Committee Task Force No. 4 of Working group Working group 34.06 Task Force 38.04.03 Task Force 38.04.02 Working group 14.11 Working group 34.08 Joint Working group 39/11 Working group 34.01 Task Force 38.01.08 Task Force 35.13.02 Task Force 38.02.14 Working group 14.29 Task Force 38.02.17 Task Force 16 of Advisory group of 02 Task Force 35.13.03 Task Force 38.04.04 Task Force 38.05.09 Joint Working group 14/37/38/39.24 Working group 14.20 Task Force 38.02.19 Task Force 38.05.07 Working group 35.13 Task Force 38.05.12 Study Committees 37,38 and 39 Working group 34.08 NLDC Joint Working group 23/39.14

Topic Month n Year Methodologies in Power 1989 Bulk Electricity System July-89 Application Guide on November-91 Analysis and Optimization 1993 Maintenance and November-93 Methods and Tools For October-97 Application of October-97 August-98 Guide for Upgrading Protection Against August-98 Methods and Techniques August-98 Exchange of Services April-99 April-99 Reliable Fault Clearance Modeling of Power August-99 Knowledge based August-99 Analysis and Modelling December-97 Coordination of Controls December-99 Advanced Angle Stability April-00 Impact Of Interactions May-00 Communication Concepts August-00 Long Term Operation October-00 Methods and Tools for February-01 Facts Technology for April-01 Economic Assesment of June-01 System Protection June-01 Methods and Tools for June-01 Alarm Handling August-01 Portfolio and Risk December-01 Cigre Glossary of terms February-02 Isolation and Restoration April-02 62 Maintenance Outsourcing April-02

CIGRE WG/Task Force/Study Committees

Working group 14.31 Working group 22.12 Working group 39.01 Working group 34.09 Task Force 35.07 Working group 37.30 Joint Advisory group SC15/D1-JAG 02 IEEE/CIGRE Joint Task Force Working group B5.09 Working group C1.31 Working group A3.10(High Voltage Working group C2.01 Working group C4.07 Working group C6.02 Working group B3.33 Working group D1.11 / Task Force Working group C1.3 Working group C5.04 Working group C4.602 Working group C6.03 Working group C1.04 Task Force C6.04.01 Task Force C2.02.24 Joint Working group D2/B3/C2.01 Task Force C2.10 Working group C4.601 Working group C1.6 Working group C1.6 Working group C4.601 Working group C4.601 Working group C4.601 Study Committees C1_109 Study Committees C1_201 Study Committees C1_105 Study Committees C1_106 Study Committees C1_107 39.01 Working group C2.01 Working group C1.19 Working group C5.04 Working group C2.02.24 Working group C4.601 Working group B4.41 Study Committees C5

Custom Power State Of Thermal Behaviour of The Needs and Report on Survey to The benefit of Mobile Data. Network Planning in a Electric Power Systems Definition and Optimisation of Protection Management of Fault current Limiters in Improving Resilience in Power Quality Indices and Connection of Generators HVDC and Facts for Data Minning Techniques Electric Power System Congestion Management Coordinated Voltage Operating Dispersed Applications and Required Connection Criteria at the Defense Plan Against Security for Information Operational Services Review of Online dynamic Impact of regulatory Impact of regulatory Modeling and Dynamic Wide Area Monitoring and Wide Area Monitoring and Separation Of Operation Assesment of System Market design for a high Implementation Aspects of Imbalance Settlement and Electra Improving Resilience in Generation Reserve and Congestion Management Defense Plan Against Review of Online dynamic Systems with Multiple DC Electricity Market and

August-02 August-02 August-02 June-01 December-02 February-03 April-03 June-03 August-03 August-03 December-03 April-04 October-04 April-05 October-05 April-06 April-06 August-06 February-07 February-07 February-07 February-07 April-07 April-07 June-07 June-07 August-07 August-07 August-07 August-07 August-07 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 January-07 January-07 February-07 August-06 April-07 June-07 August-07 October-07

System Operation Models

Possible Models for Regulatory & Commercial Relationships

ISO: Independent System Operator AO: Asset Owner

Scope of System Operation Activities

EUROPEAN & SOUTH AFRICAN MODEL

T
D D

+
D

SO
D D

This model is followed in UK by NGC, in Norway by Statenett, in Sweden by Svenska Kraftnet, in Finland by Fingrid, in Netherland by Tennet, in Denmark by Eltral/Elkrafts and in South Africa by Eskom.

FRENCH MODEL

G T D

SO
EdF

RTE

This model is followed in France, wherein Transmission and System Operation functions have been delegated to RTE. EdF is responsible for the Generation and the Distribution.

MALAYSIAN AND KOREAN MODELS

G T + D

G +

G SO

This model is followed in Korea by KEPCO and in Malaysia by TNB. These entities are now in the process of separating the distribution function from Transmission & SO functions.

CANADIAN MODEL

G T D

G T D

G T D

G SO D TA

This model is followed in Alberta of Canada. In this model, since, there are more than one main transmission companies, an independent System Operator and Transmission Administrator exist.

AMERICAN MODEL

G R T SO O D

G T D

G T

G T SO

This model is followed in USA. Based on their California experience, USA is now moving towards TSO model through RTO.

ORGANISATIONAL SET-UP OF POWERGRID

P O W E R G R I D
NON-CTU FUNCTIONS CTU FUNCTIONS

Telecom, Consultancy, Distribution

Inter-state Transmission Services

Ring Fenced System Operation Through NLDC / RLDCs

LICENSEES

ISO Models: Balancing, Operational & Deep ISOs

Website of System Operators Worldwide

S.No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ESKOM Red Elctrica de Espaa* Landsnet Fingrid* Amprion* Transpower NZ Saudi Electricity Company TenneT Statnett SF PJM Interconnection** National Grid Electricity Transmission* CLP Power ESB NG Transpower Swisssgrid Rede Elctrica Nacional Hydro Qubec Svenska Kraftnt PSE EWA China Southern Power Grid Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.

Name of the TSO

Country
South Africa Spain Iceland Finland Germany Newzealand Saudi Arabia Netherlands Norway PA,USA UK Hong Kong Ireland Germany Switzerland Portugal Canada Sweden Poland Bahrain China India www.ree.es

Web Presence
www.eskom.co.za www.landsnet.is www.fingrid.com www.amprion.net www.transpower.co.nz www.se.com.sa www.tennet.org www.statnett.no www.pjm.com www.nationalgrid.com www.clpgroup.com.hk www.eirgrid.com www.transpower.de www.swissgrid.ch www.ren.pt www.hydroquebec.com www.svk.se www.pse-operator.pl www.mew.gov.bh www.eng.csg.cn www.powergridindia.com / www.nldc.in 74

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Thank You !!

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