TIMBER DESIGN

Data:
Type of wood: = Yakal Wn2
Bending and Tension(Fb) = 23.10 MPa
Shear(Fv) = 1.72 MPa
Compression(Fc) = 15.40 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity(E) = 1.46E+04 MPa
Relative Density(G) = 0.74
Specific Gravity = 7.26 kN/m3 θ

Loadings:

Wind Pressure = 0.96 kPa

Minimum Roof Live Load = 0.80 kPa
GI roofing = 0.15 kPa
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa
=
Spacing:

Purlins = 0.60 m
Truss = 3.70 m
Floor Joist = 0.50 m

DESIGN OF PURINS

Span = 5.00
Height = 2.50 (+) Windward
Theta, θ; = 26.57
Try:
50 x 150 ; I = 1.41E+07 mm4

Loadings: Wind Load:

Windward:
Live load = 0.48 kN/m Pn = 1.3(sinθ - 0.5)P
Roofing = 0.09 kN/m Leeward:
Purlin weight = 0.05 kN/m Pn = -0.5P
WDL+LL = 0.62 kN/m
(WW) Wn1 = Pn(Spacing)
Load Combinations: (LW) Wn1 = Pn(Spacing)
Condition 1: DL + LL Wn2 = WDL+LL(cosθ)
WDL+LL = 0.56 kN/m governs!! Wnt = WDL+LL(sinθ)
Condition 2: DL + LL + WL
WDL+LL+WL = 0.32 kN/m WN = Wn1 + Wn2
Wt = Wnt

Moments: 5.59

Mn = Mx = 1/8(WnLx2) = 1.75 KN-m

Mt = My = 1/12(WnLy2) = 0.29 KN-m 5.00

Shear:

Vx = (1/2)WnLx = 1.40 kN

Vy = (1/2)WnLy = 0.35 kN

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact 6 Mx 6 My
= 2
+ 2
bh b h
= 13.96 MPa < 23.10 MPa safe

Check for Shear:

3Vx 3Vy
To be safe, Fv > Fvact = +
2bh 2bh
= 0.35 MPa < 1.72 MPa safe

Check for Deflection:

To be safe, Yall > Yact
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI)

= 6.64 mm

Yallow = L/360 safe

= 10.28 mm

Therefore use 50 X 150 mm thick purlins

DESIGN OF TRUSS
Load carried by the truss: Try: 3" x 8 " for overall size of truss and me
75 x 200 ; I = 5.00E+07
Loadings: Windward
GI roofing = 3.10 kN wind load = 1.62 kN
Wt. of Purlins = 0.20 kN
Min. Roof LL = 16.55 kN 0.72
= 19.85 kN
θ 1.62

1.45
Weigth of truss
Overall Length of Truss= 44.52 m
Weight of Truss = 4.85 kN
24.70 kN
Load carried by the ceiling: Leeward
Ceiling Load = 0.04 kN/m wind load = -9.93

8.88
θ

M
L N
w
K O

Ceiling load
A B C D E F G
1.00 0.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

10.00 m

Forces Due to DL + LL 9.88 kN

4.94 kN 4.94 kN

4.94 kN M 4.94
L N
w
4.94 kN
K O
4.94 kN
J

Ceiling load
A B C D E F G
1.00 0.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

10.00 m

Forces Due to Wind Load 1.49

0.29 1.03 1.78

0.29 0.14 M 0.89 1.78

 L N
0.29 0.14 0.89
K O
0.29 0.14
J
0.14

A B C D E F G
1.00 0.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25

10.00 m

Support Reactions due to DL + LL

Axial Forces due to DL + LL

d load Support Reactions Due to wind load
Axial Forces Due to wind load

Summary of Bar Forces

Top Chords Length DL + LL WL

AJ 1.40 4.20 0.60
JK 1.40 -15.10 0.60
KL 1.40 -17.40 0.80
LM 1.40 15.70 1.00
MN 1.40 15.70 -0.10
NO 1.40 -17.40 0.60
OP 1.40 -15.10 0.70
PI 1.40 4.20 -2.30
Bottom ChordS
AB 1.25 -4.00 4.40
BC 1.25 2.00 4.00
CD 1.25 13.70 4.20
DE 1.25 15.50 4.00
EF 1.25 15.50 2.10
FG 1.25 13.70 1.20
GH 1.25 2.00 2.10
HI 1.25 -4.00 3.00
Verticals
BJ 0.63 -19.80 -0.30
KC 1.25 -6.50 0.00
DC 1.88 -1.80 0.20
 ME 2.50 3.60 -1.60
NF 1.88 -1.80 -0.80
OG 1.25 -6.50 0.70
HP 0.63 -19.80 0.80
Diagonals
JC 1.40 12.60 0.30
KD 1.77 2.50 -0.30
LE 2.25 -2.00 -0.60
EN 2.25 -2.00 2.50
OF 1.77 2.50 1.30
PG 1.40 12.60 -1.00

Design of Truss Members

Stresses Length
Top Chord -17.40 1.40
Bottom chord 15.50 1.25
Vertical -19.80 / -0.30 1.25
Diagonal 12.60 / 0.30 2.25

DESIGN OF TOP CHORD

Try:
3" X 8"
75 mm X 200 mm ; I = 5.00E+07 mm4

P = -17.40 kN
L = 1400 mm

L/d = 18.67
π  E
.5

K = 
 

 4 6 fc 
= 9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc

π2 E
Fc = 2
L 
36 
d 
Fc = 11.49
fc = P/A
= 1.16 MPa < 11.49 ok, SAFE

Therefore use 75 x 200 mm for TOP CHORD

 DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD

Try:
3" X 8"
75 mm X 200 mm ; I = 5.00E+07 mm4

P = 15.50 kN
L = 1250 mm

L/d = 16.67
π  E
.5

K = 
 

 4 6 fc 
= 9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc

π2 E
Fc = 2
L 
36 
d 
Fc = 14.41
Fc
= 1.03 MPa < 14.41 ok, SAFE

Therefore use 75 x 200 mm for BOTTOM CHORD

DESIGN OF VERTICALS

Try:
3" X 8"
75 mm X 200 mm ; I = 5.00E+07 mm4

P = -19.80 / -0.30 kN
L = 1250 mm

L/d = 16.67

π  E
.5

K = 
 

 4 6 fc 

= 9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc
 π2 E
Fc = 2
L 
36 
d 

Fc = 14.41
fc = P/A
= 1.32 MPa < 14.41 ok, SAFE

Therefore use 75 x 200 mm for VERTICALS

Check for Stress Reversals:

Fb >= ft To be safe:

Fb = 23.10 MPa
P
ft = = 0.03 < 23.10 SAFE
(3 / 5) Ag

Since Fb > Ft, Use 75 x 200 mm for VERTICALS

DESIGN OF DIAGONALS

Try:
3" X 8"
75 mm X 200 mm ; I = 5.00E+07 mm4

P = 12.60 / 0.30 kN
L = 2250 mm

L/d = 30.00
π  E
.5

K = 
 

 4 6 fc 
= 9.87

since L/d>K and L/d>11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc >= fc

π2 E
Fc = 2
L 
36 
d 
Fc = 4.45
fc = P/A
= 0.84 MPa < 4.45 ok, SAFE

Therefore use 75 x 200 mm for DIAGONALS MEMBERS

Check for Stress Reversals:

Fb >= ft To be safe:

Fb = 23.10 MPa
P
ft =
(3 / 5) Ag
 P
ft = = 0.03 < 23.10 SAFE
(3 / 5) Ag

Since Fb > Ft, Use 75 x 200 mm for DIAGONALS MEMBERS

DESIGN OF POST

At Truss supports DL + LL WL DL + LL + WL

A -23.69 -0.19 -23.88

B -23.69 4.66 -19.03

At Girder Supports Interior Post

Carries 4 Girder
-17.27 0.00 -17.27 4P = 95.52

USE, P = 95.52 96.39

Try:
8" X 8"
200 mm X 200 mm ; I = 1.33E+08 mm4

Length of column = 3.00

Weight of Column = 0.87 kN

4Pgirder = PTotal = 96.39 kN Load Transmitted by the 4

Girder together w/ post
weight….Center post
L/d = 15.00
π  E
.5

K = 
 

 4 6 fc 
= 9.87

since L/d > K and L/d > 11 it is long column

To be safe:
Fc > =fc

π2 E
Fc = 2
L 
36 
d 

Fc = 17.79
fc = P/A
= 2.41 MPa < 17.79 ok, SAFE

Therefore use 200 x 200 mm for POST

 DESIGN OF FASTENERS AND CONNECTORS

FOR TOP AND BOTTOM CHORD

Determine the portion of the trus with largest P

3 " x 8 " 3 " x 8 "

P = 19.50 kN

k = ###
Diameter of Nail = 0.32 in
= 8.13 mm
= 0.008 m

P =1.25 KD 3 / 2 = 0.17

115.75
 DESIGN OF T&G

Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa

Specific Gravity = 7.26 kN/m3
Wnt Modulus of Elasticity = 1.46E+04 MPa

Try:
25 X 100 ; I = 2.08E+06 mm4

0.10 0.10
WDL+LL

0.025 T&G T&G

FJ

0.50

Loadings:

Dead Load (Weight of T&G) = Area X S.g.

Live Load (Residential LL)
WDL+LL

(-) Leeward MMAX = (1/8)WL2

VMAX = wL/2

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2 = 0.16 MPa
Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
= 0.08 kN/m Check for Shear:
To be safe, Fv > Fvact
= -0.48 kN/m
Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh)= 0.03 MPa
= 0.05 kN/m Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe
= -0.29 Check for Deflection:
= 0.56 kN/m To be safe, Yall > Yact
= 0.28 kN/m =
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) 0.0058
Yallow = L/360 = 1.39
= 0.61 kN/m Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
= 0.28 kN/m Therefore use 25 mm X 100 mm T&G

2.50
 DESIGN OF STAIRS

Design of Tread:

Try:
2" X 8"
50 mm X 200 mm ;

safe Width of stairs = 1.10 m

1100 m
Loadings:
Weigth of Tread = 0.07 kN/m
Live Load = 0.40 kN/m
safe TOTAL w = 0.47 kN/m

Analytical Model:
w = 0.47

1.10 m

Mmax = (1/8)wL2 Vmax = (1/2)wL

= 0.07 kN-m =

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2 =
Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe

Check for Shear:

To be safe, Fv > Fvact

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh) =
Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is s
ll size of truss and members Try:
5.00E+07 mm4 2" X 8"
50 mm X 200 mm ;

Considering the longest span of the stairs:

No. of Stairs = 18 @ 0.20

Fx = 0.14 / joint Load carried by the

Fy = 0.29 / joint tread =

9.93 2.70 m
Theta, θ = 36.87
Length of Carriage = 4.50 m
Weigth of Carriage = 0.07 kN/m
4.44

3.60 m
Fx = 0.89 / joint
Fy = 1.78 / joint

P Analytical Model of Loadings:

Load by the Tread:

H I
1.25 0.25 1.00
0.38

kN 0.
44
kN
/m
4.94 kN Length of Carriage = 4.50 m

4.94 Vmax = 0.98 kN

P Mmax = 4.42 kN-m

H I
1.25 0.25 1.00

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2 =
Since Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe
0.89 1.78

0.89 1.78 Check for Shear:

P To be safe, Fv > Fvact
0.89
Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh) =
H I Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is s
1.25 0.25 1.00

Check for Deflection:

To be safe, Yall > Yact
Yact = (5/384)(WLn4/EI) =
Yallow = L/360 =
Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is saf

Therefore use 50 mm X 200

DL + LL + WL
4.80
-14.50
-16.60
16.70
15.60
-16.80
-14.40
1.90

0.40
6.00
17.90
19.50
17.60
14.90
4.10
-1.00

-20.10
-6.50
-1.60
 2.00
-2.60
-5.80
-19.00

12.90
2.20
-2.60
0.50
3.80
11.60
S MEMBERS
NALS MEMBERS

nterior Post
arries 4 Girder
95.52

96.39 kN

Interior Post
(carries 4
girders)
P = 19.50 kN
GN OF T&G DESIG

Specific Gravity =
Modulus of Elasticity = 1.46E+04
Length of joist =
Joist Spacing =
Residential Live Load =

0.10 0.10 Try

50 X 175 ; I

T&G T&G SECTION A-A:

T&G

Floor Joist
0.50

m Loadings:

Dead Loads:

= 0.02 kN/m Weight of joist = Specific Gra

= 0.20 kN/m
= 0.22 kN/m Load carried by the T&G

= 0.007 kN-m Live Load:

= 0.05 kN Floor LL

WDL+LL

MPa < Fb 23.10 MMAX = (1/8)WL2

le, it is safe VMAX = wL/2

Check for Bending:

To be safe, Fb > Fact
MPa < Fv 1.72
able, it is safe Fact = 6Mmax/bh
Since Fact is less than Fallo

0.0058 mm Check for Shear:

1.39 mm To be safe, Fv > Fvact
le, it is safe
m T&G Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax
Since Fvact is less than Fva
N OF STAIRS

I = 3.33E+07 mm4

max = (1/2)wL
0.26 kN

0.21 MPa < Fb 23.10

an Fallowable, it is safe

0.04 MPa < Fv 1.72

han Fvallowable, it is safe
 I = 3.33E+07 mm4

0.47

oad by the Tread:

θ 0.28

0.47 kN

Weight of Carriage:

θ 0.04

0. 0.06
44
kN 0.07 kN/m
/m

Landing is made up
of concrete

13.25 MPa < Fb 23.10

an Fallowable, it is safe
 0.15 MPa < Fv 1.72
han Fvallowable, it is safe

4.7851 mm
12.50 mm
an Yallowable, it is safe

mm for Carriage
 DESIGN OF FLOOR JOIST

A
7.26 kN/m3 Specific Gravity
1.46E+04 MPa FLOOR JOIST Modulus of Elastic
3.60 MPa Length of Girder

T&G
0.50 m Joist Spacing
2.00 kPa Residential Live L
FLOOR JOIST
Try

T&G
= 2.23E+07 mm4
FLOOR JOIST Weight of the girder

A
2.08
0.18
0.50 m

0.050

f joist = Specific Gravity X Area of Joist

= 0.06 kN/m
ried by the T&G 17.27
= 0.09 kN/m
Check for Deflection: At Mid span:
= 1.00 kN/m To be safe, Yall > Yact
2.08
= 1.15 kN/m Yact = (5/384)(WLn /EI)4
= 7.74E+00 mm
Yallow = L/360 = 10.00 mm
= 1.87 kN-m Since Yact is less than Yallowable, it is safe
= 2.08 kN Therefore use 50 mm X 175 mm
Floor Joist

17.27

= 6Mmax/bh2 = 7.33 MPa < Fb 23.10 Check for Bending

Fact is less than Fallowable, it is safe To be safe, F
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2

Check for Shear:

To be safe, Fv >
= (3/2)(Vmax/bh) = 0.36 MPa < Fv 1.72
Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe

Check for Deflecti

To be safe, Y
 DESIGN OF GIRDER

Specific Gravity = 7.26 kN/m3

Modulus of Elasticity = 1.46E+04 MPa
Length of Girder = 4.00 MPa
Joist Spacing = 0.50
Residential Live Load = 2.00 kPa

150 X 300 ; I = 3.38E+08 mm4

Weight of the girder: = Area X Specific Gravity

= 0.33 kN/m

2.08 kN 4.16 kN 4.16 kN 4.16 kN 4.16 kN 4.16 kN 4.16 kN 4.16 kN 2.08

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Weight of the girder

0.33 kN/m

4.00 m
17.27 kN 17.27

t Mid span:

2.08 4.16 4.16 4.16 2.08

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50

Mmax = 17.93 kN-m
0.33 kN/m

Vmax = 17.27 kN
2.00 m
17.27

heck for Bending

To be safe, Fb > Fact
Fact = 6Mmax/bh2 = 7.97 MPa < 23.10 MPa SAFE

Check for Shear:

To be safe, Fv > Fvact

Fvact = (3/2)(Vmax/bh) = 0.58 MPa < Fv 1.72

Since Fvact is less than Fvallowable, it is safe
Check for Deflection:
To be safe, Yall > Yact
Yallow = L/360 = 11.11 mm

5wl 4 Pa(3L −4a 2 ) PL3

Yactual = + +
384 EI 24 EI 48 EI
= 6.90 mm < 11.11 mm SAFE
Therefore use 150 x 300 for Girder
 2.08 kN

17.27 kN

SAFE