Designation: E190 92 (Reapproved 2008)

Standard Test Method for

Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds1

This standard is issued under the xed designation E190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope 1.1 This test method covers a guided bend test for the determination of soundness and ductility of welds in ferrous and nonferrous products. Defects, not shown by X rays, may appear in the surface of a specimen when it is subjected to progressive localized overstressing. This guided bend test has been developed primarily for plates and is not intended to be substituted for other methods of bend testing. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
NOTE 1For additional information see Terminology E6, and American Welding Society Standard D 1.1.

application. The specimen is forced into the die by a plunger having the shape necessary to produce the desired contour. The convex surface of the bent specimen is examined for cracks or other open defects. 4. Signicance and Use 4.1 The guided bend test as described in this test method is used to evaluate the quality of welds as a function of ductility as evidenced by their ability to resist cracking during bending. 5. Apparatus 5.1 The guided bend test jig is shown in Fig. 1 (see Explanatory Notes at end of this test method). 6. Sampling 6.1 Sampling is performed in accordance with the requirements of relevant specications and codes. 7. Test Specimens 7.1 The types of specimens generally used for guided bend testing are rectangular ones machined from plates and pipes. The face surface of the at specimen contains the greater width of the weld material, while the opposite side is called the root surface. 7.1.1 Transverse Side BendThe weld is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that either one of the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). 7.1.2 Transverse Face BendThe weld is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that the weld face surface becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen (Fig. 4). 7.1.3 Transverse Root BendThe weld is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that the weld-root surface becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen (Fig. 4). 7.1.4 Longitudinal Face BendThe weld is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that the weld-face surface becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen (Fig. 5).

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards:2 E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing 2.2 AWS Standard: D1.1 Structural Welding Code, Steel3 3. Summary of Test Method 3.1 The specimen is bent in a U-shaped die by means of a centrally applied force to the weldment in a at specimen supported at two positions equidistant from the line of force
1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.02 on Ductility and Formability. Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E190 92 (2003). DOI: 10.1520/E0190-92R08. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 3 Available from The American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33126.

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E190 92 (2008)

Thickness of Specimen in. (mm) 38 (9.5) 18 (3.2) t

A, in. (mm) 112 (38) 218 (54) 4t

B, in. (mm) (19) 1116 (27) 2t

34

C, in. (mm) 238 (60) 238 (60) 6t + 18 ( + 3.2)

D, in. (mm) 1316 (30) 1316 (30) 3t + 116 ( + 1.6)

FIG. 1 Guided Bend Test Jig

38

t, in. (mm) to 112 (9.5 to 38) >112

T, in. t See Note

38

t, in. (mm) to 112 (9.5 to 38) >112 (38)

T, in. t See Note

NOTE 1For plates over 112 in. (38 mm) thick, cut specimen into approximately equal strips between 34 and 112 in. (19 to 38 mm) wide and test each strip.
FIG. 3 Side-Bend Specimen for Nonferrous Materials

NOTE 1For plates over 112 in. (38 mm) thick, cut specimen into approximately equal strips between 34 and 112 in. (19 and 38 mm) wide and test each strip.
FIG. 2 Side-Bend Specimen for Ferrous Materials

7.1.5 Longitudinal Root BendThe weld is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen which is bent so that the weld root surface becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen (Fig. 5). 8. Procedure 8.1 Bend the guided-bend specimens in a test jig that is substantially in accordance with Fig. 1. Place transverse specimens on the die member of the jig with the weld at midspan. Place face-bend specimens with the face of the weld directed toward the gap; place root-bend specimens with the root of the weld directed toward the gap; and place side-bend specimens with the side showing the greater defects toward the gap. If no signicant defects are evident, either side may be chosen.

8.2 Any convenient means may be used for moving the plunger with relation to the die; but it must be steady and without any signicant lateral motion. Apply the force until the specimen conforms to a U-shape, and until a 18-in. (3.2 mm) diameter wire cannot be inserted between the specimen and any point on the curvature of the plunger member of the jig, unless the specimen fails earlier. 9. Interpretation of Results 9.1 Examine the convex surface of the bent specimen for cracks or other open defects. 9.1.1 When the test is conducted as an acceptance criterion, the allowable crack size shall be specied by the code or specication requiring the test. 9.1.2 When the test is conducted for informational purposes, report the size and location of all cracks visible to the unaided eye.

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E190 92 (2008)

NOTE 118 in. = 3.2 mm; 112 in. = 38 mm; 6 in. = 152 mm. NOTE 2Weld reinforcement and backing strip or backing ring, if any, shall be removed ush with the surface of the specimen. The specimen shall be machined to a thickness, T, which must be specied in relation to t. If a recessed ring is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depth not exceeding the depth of the recess to remove the ring, except that in such cases the thickness of the nished specimen shall meet the specied relationship to t. Do not ame-cut nonferrous material. When the original wall thickness of pipe exceeds 38 in. (9.5 mm), excess material shall be machined from the inside surface of face-bend specimens and the outside surface of root-bend specimens. For Boiler Code nonferrous materials, see Table QN-8, Section IX on Welding Qualications of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1965.
FIG. 4 Transverse Face- and Root-Bend Specimens, Plate and Pipe

NOTE 118 in. = 3.2 mm; 112 in. = 38 mm; 6 in. = 152 mm. NOTE 2Weld reinforcement and backing strip, if any, shall be removed ush with the surface of the specimen. The specimen shall be machined to a thickness, T, which must be specied in relation to t. If a recessed strip is used, this surface of the specimen may be machined to a depth not exceeding the depth of the recess to remove the strip, except that in such cases the thickness of the nished specimen shall meet the specied relationship to t. For Boiler Code Materials, see Table QN-8, Section IX on Welding Qualications of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, 1965.
FIG. 5 Longitudinal Face- and Root-Bend Specimens, Plate

10. Precision and Bias 10.1 Precision and bias statements are not made for this test method because the test result is a nonnumerical report of success or failure based on criteria specied in relevant standards. EXPLANATORY NOTES

EXPLANATORY NOTES
NOTE 1Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shall be used. NOTE 2The shoulders or rollers shall have a minimum width of 2 in. (50.8 mm) for the placement of the specimen. NOTE 3The length of the specimen shall be such that the ends will not interfere with the seating of the specimen. NOTE 4The plunger shall be tted with an appropriate base and

ON

BEND TEST JIG

provisions for attachment to the testing machine; and shall be designed to minimize deection and misalignment. NOTE 5The die member shall be tted with an appropriate base designed to safeguard against deection or misalignment and equipped with means for keeping the shoulders or rollers over the midpoint and aligned with respect to the plunger.

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E190 92 (2008)
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