Paralinguistics and Suprasegmentals

AREJA | DELA CRUZ | SANCHEZ | FERNANDEZ | NEPOMUCENO | VALLINAS

Paralinguistics
Is the study of:
Vocal
Non-vocal
signals that are beyond the verbal message or
speech.
How do you convey your message?
Tone
Pitch
Rhythm
Timber
Loudness
Effective Use Of Paralinguistics
Try to vary your tone
- Awareness of the underlying message
Concentrate on how you phrase
- Tones and facial expressions emphasize ideas
Use soft/low voice that your participants can hear
Forms of Non-vocal
Communication
Facial Expression
Facial Expression
Motions of muscles beneath the faces skin
Convey emotional state of an individual
Convey social information between humans
Maybe voluntary or involuntary
Stronger understanding of what others feel
Examples of Facial
Expression
Shocked
Disgust / Revolting
Confused
Hunger / Sadness/ Discomfort
Disappointment
Dismay
Effective use of Facial Expression
Smile regularly
Smiling is often contagious
Eye Contact
Eye Contact
Eyes : Windows to the soul
Helps regulate the flow of communication
Important part of communication
Can establish relationship between the parties
Examples of Eye Contact
Eyes Gaze
How eyes focus on speaker
Avoiding Eye Contact
evading or trying to hide something
Breaking Eye Contact
distracted, uncomfortable, disinterested
Prolonged Eye Contact
confrontational, intimidating, threatening
Looking Directly to Eyes
interested, paying attention
Looking Up and Down
sizing up
Blinking
Rapid closing and opening of eye lids
Blinking
Rapid blinking uncomfortable, lying, fluttered
Blinking on pause listening carefully
Single blink surprised, unbelievable
Pupil Size
Dilation and contraction of pupils
Pupil Size
Bedroom Eyes interested, attracted, sexually aroused
Contracted Pupils disinterested, threatened
Which is more attractive?
Effective use of eye contact
Maintain eye contact
Intervals of eye contact:
lasting 4 to 5 seconds
Gesture
Gesture
Visible bodily actions that has meanings
Can sometimes substitute speech
Shows your intentions and emotions
Reinforce and support your words
Examples of Gesture
Thumbs Down
Bad
Rude way of saying failure
To not approve
Stop
The Dog Call
Summoning someone towards you
tempting woman to her man
O.K
everything is good, well or O.K.
Zero (Australia)
Homosexual (Turkey)
I am Running Out of Time
Hand Kissing
respect
Face Palm
Frustration and embarrassment
Effective use of gestures
Be lively
Be animated
Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_contact
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_expression
Posture and Body Orientation
Important aspect of non verbal communication
Conveys ones feelings and attitudes
Standing Sitting Slouching Lying
Standing vs. Sitting
Signals confidence and
honesty
Stand to present when:
Formalizing a group
Filling the space, creating
a dynamic movement
while speaking
Drawing attention
Signals Intimacy and
informality
Sit to present when:
Focusing on building trust and
rapport first
Drawing people in
Appearance
Impression
Clothes, colors, hairstyle, etc.
Dress Code: Casual
Laid back
Translates to road trips, mall visits,
school, etc
Dress Code: Smart Casual
Includes trousers, collared shirt,
leather loafers, blouse, sweater, and
the like
Informal but neat
Its like wearing business clothes in a
relaxed fashion
Dress Code: Business
Includes long sleeves, tie slacks,
business skirts, blazers, and the
like
lets work like a boss
Dress Code: Formal
Includes evening gowns,
tuxedo jackets, black shoes,
high-heels, and the like
Elegance and beauty
Can be worn during formal
events like formal parties,
formal gatherings, and the like
Effective Use of Appearance
Different colors can invoke different moods
Warm colors: vary from warmth to anger and hostility
Cool colors: vary from calm to feelings of sadness
Appearance can also change physiological reactions,
judgment, and interpretations
Proxemics
also known as personal space
Social
Personal
Intimate
Distance Between Faces Tone of Voice Type of Message
Very close (3-6 inches)
Close (8-12 inches)
Soft whisper
Audible whisper
Top secret or sensual
Very confidential
Neutral (20-36 inches) Soft voice, low volume Personal subject matter
Neutral (4.5-5 feet) Full voice Non-personal information
Across the room (8-20 feet) Loud voice Talking to a group stretching the
limit
Effective Use of Proxemics
Move around the area
- May increase interaction
Closeness allows better eye contact
- May increase opportunity for participants to speak
Game
3. What posture/position is more
effective if you want to formalize
a group?
4. What dress code is conveyed
by this:
informal but neat
Suprasegmentals
"It a'int what you say but the way you say it."
Segments and Segmentals
Vowels
Consonants
Phonemes
Phones
Allophones
Suprasegmental vs. Segmental
longer stretches of speech, such
as rhythm and voice quality
individual sounds
Suprasegmentals
Length or quantity
Tone
Pitch accent
Stress
Intonation
STRESS
giving emphasis on certain syllable/s or
word/s
can be classified as word and
phrase or sentence stress
WORD STRESS
stress on syllable/s marked by an
acute accent ()
WORD STRESS
1. Stress on one syllable
change of meaning
a)from noun to another noun
desert and dessert
b)from noun to verb and vice versa
cnduct and condct
WORD STRESS
c)from single word to two words
hotdog and hot dog
WORD STRESS
in other languages:
Filipino
o sma and sam
Spanish
o trmino (terminal), termno (I finish.), and termin
(he finished.)
WORD STRESS
2. Stresses on more than one syllable
main or primary stress marked by accute accent ()
secondary stress marked by grave accent (`)
WORD STRESS
examples:
a. rsigntion
b. sstemtic
c. rvoltion
d. fndamntal
PHRASE OR SENTENCE STRESS
stress on word/s
shift in meaning
example: I love you.
I love you.
I love you.
I love you.
WAYS ON PUTTING STRESS
1. Length
2. Pause
3. Volume
4. Pitch
Intonation
variation of spoken pitch over
an entire phrase or sentence
Pitch Contours
serves as a tracking device
that perceives pitch
over a period of time
Pitch Contours
Example:
What did you put in my drink, Jane?
What did you put in my drink, Jane?
Functions of Intonation
Attitudinal
Accentual
Grammatical
Discourse
Types of Intonation
Rising Intonation
Falling Intonation
Level Intonation
Transcription of Intonation
\ Falling
/ Rising
\/ Dipping (fall - rise)
/\ Peaking (rise - fall)
_ Level
Falling
definite, final
used in WH- questions
Examples:
Mary likes John.\
She hates swimming\.
What does it say?\
Rising
indicates uncertainty, curiosity
used in yes-no questions
Examples:
Mary likes John?/
Did you finish your homework?/
Dipping
surprised, scepticism
Also used in tag questions
Examples:
She's nice,\ isnt she?\
The singer was good,\ wasnt he?\
Peaking
Emphatic statement
Also used in tag questions
Example:
I'd /love some\!
Shes nice,\ isnt she?/
Level
boredom, not interested
Example:
Cool.
Great.
Rhythm
Relationship between stressed and unstressed syllables
Patterns of combination of stressed and unstressed
syllables
The liaison or other phonological structures
Examples:
The boy is interested in enlarging his vo"cabulary.
Great progress is made "daily.
Rhythm
Language Types (Rhythm)
Stress-timed
Syllable-timed
Syllable-timed
duh-duh-duh-duh-duh-duh
Stressed-timed
English is a stress-timed language
duh-DUH-duh-DUUUH-duh
duh-duh-DUUUH
Stressed-timed
Dogs chase cats.
The dogs chase cats.
The dogs chase the cats.
The dogs will chase the cats.
The dogs will be chasing the cats.
Questions
References
http://grhttp://www.slideshare.net/trinawong/nonverbal-communication-
3296384ammar.about.com/od/pq/g/paralinguisticsterm.htm
http://www.slideshare.net/trinawong/nonverbal-communication-3296384
http://hrcommunication.blogspot.com/2007/06/body-posture-and-orientation.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posture_(psychology)
http://www.goddessofpublicspeaking.com.au/blog/public-speaking/sitting-versus-standing-position-
yourself-powerfully-when-you-speak/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2811283/
http://www.emilypost.com/everyday-manners/your-personal-image/69-attire-guide-beach-casual-to-
white-tie
Paralinguistics
References
http://www.phon.ox.ac.uk/jcoleman/PROSODY.htm
http://tkacmaz.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/suprasegmentals.pdf
http://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~language/workshop/2010-3.pdf
Suprasegmentals