World Applied Sciences Journal 23 (4): 486-494, 2013

ISSN 1818-4952
IDOSI Publications, 2013
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.23.04.490
Corresponding Author: Gopi A., Research Scholar, Tel: +919789255727.
486
High Boost Isolated DC-DC Converter with Controller
A. Gopi and R. Saravanakumar
1 2
Research Scholar
1
School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India
2
Submitted: Apr 17, 2013; Accepted: May 26, 2013; Published: Jun 28, 2013
Abstract: This paper presents high boost isolated dc-dc converter with closed loop control to provide high
voltage regulation control suitable for renewable energy source. The circuit consists of active clamp circuit
and boost converter with isolated transformer. The circuit employs capacitors are charged in parallel and
discharged in series by isolated transformer inductors. The active clamp circuit is used during the turn
off-period to reduce the voltage spike on power switch. To achieve high output voltage gain the converter
output terminal and boost converter output terminal are connected in serially with the isolated inductors
with less voltage stress on controlled power switch and power diodes. PSIM software has been used for
simulation. Hardware model implemented and tested in the laboratory.
Key words: Isolated DC-DC converter Active Clamp Circuit PSIM High boost Closed loop control
INTRODUCTION clamps the surge voltage of switches and recycles the
High boost DC-DC converters operating at high [5]. The leakage energy of the coupling inductor is
voltage regulation are widely proposed in many industrial recycles the energy. Without wasting through active
applications. High boost dc-dc converters are play a clamp, active clamp circuit consists a clamped diode and
important role in renewable energy sources such as fuel clamped capacitor. The clamped-voltage dc-dc converter
energy systems, DC-back up energy system for UPS, with reduced revere-recovery current and switch-voltage
High intensity discharge lamp and automobile stress. The active switch in the converter can still sustain
applications. The converters require increasing low dc a proper duty ratio when even under high step-up
voltage to high dc voltage. The conventional boost applications, reducing voltage and current stresses
converters are able to get high voltage gain with high significantly [1, 7]. The concept of two capacitors charged
voltage duty ratio the problem is Electro Magnetic parallel and discharged in series via the coupled inductor
Interference and complexity increases. In this to achieve high boost voltage stress on the main switch
proposed method high boost topology proposed with can be reduced, analysis and implementation done in [2].
closed loop control. Output voltage controlled with better The boost converter output terminal and flyback
voltage regulation for various change in the load converter output terminal are serially connected to
conditions. increase the output voltage gain with the coupled
DC-DC converters with coupled inductors can inductor [3].
provide high voltage gain, but their efficiency is degraded In this paper single controlled switch used in the
by the losses associated with leakage inductors [2]. flyback system with isolation for better circuit simulation
The solution would be the use of transformers to get the and the operations analyzed. The boost converter and fly
preferred voltage conversion ratio similar in forward or back converter outputs are integrated and improve the
fly back converter the dc-isolation is no need for high voltage gain and improve the efficiency of high
industrial applications. To suppress the high voltage boost converters, these boost converters are applicable
spike on power switch non dissipative snubber circuit in renewable energy sources. The integrated boost
and active clamp circuit is used. The active clamp circuit flyback converter uses coupled inductor techniques to
energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer
World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
487
achieve high boost voltage with low duty and thus slope gain. The proposed dc-dc converter worked in six
compensation circuit is disregarded [4]. The forward and operating modes, the six operating modes are
flyback converters attain high voltage gain by varying discussed below, the mode is operated in six modes,
transformer turns [6]. These degradations improved in given brief explanation about current flowing in six
the proposed circuit provided with isolation transformer. different modes.
The conventional topologies to get high output voltage
use flyback converters, they have the leakage Mode I: In Continuous Current Mode different switching
components that cause stress and loss of energy that operation of power switches and current flow path during
results in low efficiency [8]. These disadvantages each modes are described. In mode I switch S is turned
overcome by using active clamp and the transformer on. Diode D is turned on and diodes D ,D ,D are turned
turns ratio provides the high boost and isolation. The new off. The isolated transformer voltage V is induced on
circuit is not a used the operation integration and primary side the current I is increases shown in Figure 2.
switched passive components as like given in [10]. The voltage V is induced on secondary side and the
Design and simulation of soft switched boost converter current i produced.when diode i becomes zero diode D
implemented with closed loop for SRM control is turned off and the currnet i charged linearly and
applications [11]. increasing the magnetizing current, at the end diodes D ,
Also analysis, control and implementation of the D are turned on.
DC-DC converter using DSP controller described in [12].
The proposed converter advantages are the PWM Mode II: In mode II switch S is still turned on, diodes D ,
Current mode control technique is used by using D are turned on and diodes D , D are tuned off. The
DSP. The low resistance transformer winding. current waveform is shown in Figure 3. The L is charged
Ferrite amorphous core used for good magnetic energy with V . V induced on secondary of the isolated
circulation. Recycling the leakage energy of the leakage transformer V is connected with V (voltage across C )
inductor. Suppress the High voltage spike on MOSFET charged V (voltage across C ) and and V charge with V
(volage across C ). Simultaneously charge V and V . C
Proposed Circuit: The proposed circuit diagram design
with four diodes, four capacitors, one, MOSFET and an Mode III: In mode III switch S is turned off and also
ideal transformer. Proposed diagram Figure 1 consists of diodes D and D are turned off. Diodes D and D are
boost converter, coupled inductor associated with turned on. The L and L of the isolated transformer
leakage inductor (L ), magnetizing inductor (L ) and two releases energy to capacitor and resistor. The capacitor C
k m
voltage lift capacitors. The energy of the leakage inductor and C are charged. The current flowing path during this
is feedback to active clamp circuit, the active clamp circuit switching operation shown in Figure 4.
consists of one clamp diode, one clamped capacitor.
The clamp circuit uses to avoid the voltage spike on Mode IV: In mode IV (Figure 5) switch S is turned off and
MOSFET and Power diodes. diodes D and D are turned off, diodes D and D are
Operations: When switch is turned ON the magnetizing The isolated transformer secondary side current i is
energy induced on secondary side of transformer V is decreased.
s
connected with V , V charge V and simultaneously V
in c1 c2 s
charge V . Both lift capacitors are charged and Mode V and Mode VI: In mode V the switch still turned
c3
discharged equally via coupling inductor. When switch is off, diodes D and D are turned off, D and D are turned
turned off the stored magnetizing energy is released on.V is connected series V , L C and C charge C and
and opposite polarity is induced on secondary side of R. In mode VI L released energy via the seconday side of
transformer (N) made with V ,V and V is connected in the isolated transformer inductor and provide energy to
s in c2 c3
cascade and charge the capacitor C and resistor. load. The seondary side voltage Vs is connected in series
0
The using series connection of boost converter and with voltages Vin. The current flowing path shown in
flyback converter, we achieve the high output voltage Figure 6.
0 1 2 3
s
Lk
s
s s 0
m
1
3
2
3 1 0
m
in s
in c1 1
c2 2 s c3
during switch turn-off period. 3 c2 c3 0
provides energy to load R.
1 0 2 3
k m
2
3
2 0 1 3
turned on. I decrease quickly D turned on. D off.
lk 0 3
s
2 3 1 0
s in m, 2 3 0
m
World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
488
Fig. 1: Proposed high boost DC-DC Converter
Fig. 2: Switching operation and current flowing path circuit during Mode I
Fig. 3: Mode II Switching operation and current flowing path circuit
Fig. 4: Switching operation and current flowing path circuit during Mode III
m
p in
m k
L
V KV
L L
= =
+
3 3 c p in
V V nV nV = = =
( ) ( )
1
1 1
1 2
in
c p lk
D k k nV
V V V
D
+ +
= + =

( )( )
( )
3 1
1 1 1
2 1 1
d c in in
D K n
V V V V
D D

= + = +

2 1 C C S in
V V V V
+
+ +
( )( )
( )
1 1 1
2 1 1
in in in
D K n
nKV V V
D D

= + +

0 2 3 C C s ds
V V V V V
+
= + +
( )( )
( )
1 1 2
2 1 1
in in in
D K n nK
nKV V V
D D
+
= + +

( )( )
( )
1 1 2
2 1 1
GN
D K n nK
V nK
D D
+
= + +

World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
489
Fig. 5: Switching operation and current flowing path circuit during Mode IV
Fig. 6: Switching operation and current flowing path circuit during Mode V and Mode VI
In mode VI the switch stoll turned off. Diode D2, D3 (5)
are turned off and D1 and Do are turned on. The current
flowing path shown in Figure 6. the ouput provides the (6)
boost voltage. When switch S turned on next switching
perid stats.
Analysis: When switch is turn on, the equation is given above equations
as:
(1)
(2)
The capacitor clamp voltage is given as
(3)
The drain to source voltage is given as
(4) using PSIM software and output voltage and output gain
The output voltage (V ) can be written as according to the
o
(7)
(8)
The voltage gain (V ) is written as in CCM mode is
GN
(9)
RESULTS
The proposed high boost DC-DC converter simulated
are described before implementing in to the hardware.
World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
490
Fig. 7: Hard ware model of High Boost DC-DC Converter
Fig. 8: MOSFET gating signal from DSP 2407
Fig. 9: Waveforms of the proposed converter
(a) Gate pulse (b) output voltage Vo (c) output current Io (d) MOSFT switch voltage
World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
491
Fig. 10: Diode currents during switching operations
(e) D2 diode current (f) D3 diode current
(g) Do diode current (f) D1 diode current
Table 1: Hardware parameters
Name Of the Parameters Values
Input voltage 10v
Output voltage 25v
MOSFET IRF244N
Diode 1N4007
Capacitors 470uf,100uf/50v,100uf/25v
Inductors 300uh,200uh
Resistor 1k
Opto coupler TLP250
DSP TMS320LF2407A
Table 2: Experimental specifications
S.No. Parameters Spcifcation
1 Input DC voltage 20 V
2 Output DC voltage 410 V
3 Maximum output power 200 W
4 Switching Frequency 100 kHz
5 Ouput current 4.1 A
6 Output Voltage ripple 0.3V
7 Output Current ripple 0.4mA
8 Duty cycle at Full load 0.6
9 Full load resistance 840 Ohm
10 Efficeincy Half-full load 84.6%
11 Efficency at full load 79.9%
The values of the network, load is considered is as
given below.
The values for the switching frequency, input
voltage and the output voltage 10kHz, 20V respectively
dc
used for simulation. Boost output voltage obtained
412V . The voltage gain K equal to 20.6.
dc o
Experimental Setup: The proposed high boost
isolated DC-DC converter constructed as a prototype
which shown Figure 7. The input to the prototype
model is given 20V from the available DC source
and power controlled switch controlled through
the DSP 2407 controller. The prototype model is
constructed with four diode and one MOSFET.
MOSFET is used because prototype model constructed
for low power.
The control signal is generated from the
programmed DSP controller. Depending on the desired
output voltage, the controller generates control signals
(PWM signal to control switch S of the converter
shown in Figure 8).
The output waveform is observed by using Digital
Signal Oscilloscope and measured. The output results
obtained from the prototype. The output voltage, output
current, switching pulse and controlled switch voltage
are shown in Figure 9.
The output currents of power diodes D to D are
1 4
shown in Figure 10. The output voltage lifted up to 410V
(Table 2). Hence it is realized with the theoretical output
voltage V equation (8).
o
The experimental results show that the output
voltage can be boost upto the voltage gain 20.5 and
matches the theoretical value of the given equation (9).
Thus, the proposed boost converter can be interface to
the inverter grid at the user end. The experimental results
are tabulated in Table 2.
World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
492
Soft Switching
Fig. 11: Current i ,Voltage across S (V )
ds 1 ds
Fig. 12: Converter Efficiency Vs output power
Fig. 13: High Boost Converter PI Controller
Simulation Output Waveforms: The Figure 11 shows depicted in the arrow point in Figure 11. Efficiency of the
the voltage between drain to source of the switch 1 converter calculated and plotted in the Figure 12. for
and current through S . The voltage across the various load conditions.
1
switch S reaches zero before the gate pulse V is applied
1 gs
to S Then the current starts increasing through the Closed Loop Control: The Figure 13 shows power circuit
1.
switch. This ensures ZVS of the switch S which is of the high voltage gain DC-DC converter model can be
1
World Appl. Sci. J., 23 (4): 486-494, 2013
493
Fig. 14: Regulated Output Voltage When Load 100W
Fig. 15: Regulated Output Voltage When Load 200W
controlled by PI controller. In this circuit PI controller is 2. Zhao, Q. and F.C. Lee, 2003. High-efficiency, high
designed to regulate the output voltage under load step-up dc-dc converters,IEEE Trans. Power
variations. The power circuit of the high voltage gain Electron., 18(1): 65-73.
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Figure 14 and 15 shows the simulation results of the Eng. Electr. Power Appl., 151(2): 182-190.
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the regulated output V =410V, for the constant an input intergrated boost-flyback step-up converter, IEE
out
voltage V =20V under different load conditions. Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Electr. Power Appl., Alcazar,
in
CONCLUSION E.H.P, 152(2): 217-2222.
This paper explained the high boost isolated DC-DC active-clamp converter with input-current doubler
converter with closed loop control. The use of capacitors and output-voltage doubler for fuel cell power
charged in parallel and discharged in series by the systems, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 24(1): 108-115.
coupling inductor, high boost voltage gain achieved. 6. Hsieh1, Y.P., J.F. Chen, T.J. Liang1 and L.S. Yang,
The steady state analysis of voltage gain discussed. 2012. Analysis and implementation of a novel
The prototype circuit model tested in the laboratory. single-switchhigh step-up DCDC converter IET
Experimental results verified with the steady state Power Electron., 5(1): 11-21.
analyses output voltage and voltage gain. This proposed 7. Wu, T.F., Y.S. Lai, J.C. Hung and Y.M. Chen, 2008.
structure can be applicable for the renewable energy Boost converter with coupled inductors and
sources. buckboost type of active clamp, IEEE Trans. Ind.
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