The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)

|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 5 || Pages || 01-05 || 2014 ||

ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 1
Modelling and Simulation of High Step up DC to AC Converter
for Microsource Application

1,
R.Sowmya,
2,
S.Rama Reddy,
1,
Research Scholar,
Sathyabhama University, Chennai, India.
2,
Professor, EEE Dept.,
Jerusalem College of Engineering, Chennai, India.


--------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------
This paper deals with modelling and simulation of high step up DC AC converter with micro source at the
input. The 15V DC is stepped up to 230V DC using high step up DC-DC Converter. This DC is converted into
AC using a single phase inverter. The DC-AC converter system is modeled and simulated using the blocks of
simulink and the results are presented in this paper.
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Date of Submission: 17 February 2014 Date of Publication: 15 May 2014
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I. INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy is becoming increasingly important and prevalent in distribution systems, which
provide different choices to electricity consumers whether they receive power from the main electricity source
or in forming a micro source not only to fulfill their own demand but alternatively to be a power producer
supplying a microgrid [1], [2]. A microgrid usually includes various microsources and loads, which operate as
an independent and controllable system when they are either grid-connected or islanded, as well as when they
can reliably connect or disconnect [2]. The microsource is classified either as a DC source or as a high
frequency AC source [3]. These two microsource categories are comprised of diverse renewable energy
applications, such as solar cell modules, fuel cell stacks, wind turbines, and reciprocating engines [4]. Fig.1
shows a regular schematic of a microgrid unit supplied by various microsources; the high step up converter is
used to increase the output voltage of the microsource to 380V-400 V for the dc interface to the main electricity
source through the DC-AC inverter [2],[4]. Both the single solar cell module and the fuel cell stack are
essentially low voltage sources, and thus, a high step-up voltage gain dc-dc converter is required to regulate the
voltage of the DC-DC interface.
Previous research on various converters for high step-up applications has included analyses of the
switched-inductor and switched capacitor types [5], [6], [24], [25], the boost type integrating with the switched-
capacitor technique [7],[25], the voltage-lift type [8],[9], the capacitor diode voltage multiplier type [10], and
the transformerless dc-dc converters [11],[23]. In these converters the voltage gain is not enough to convert to a
suitable ac source as a model microsource [1], in case of extremely high voltage gain is required, to using series
connection of converter is able to reach much higher voltage gain. As known, the efficiency and voltage gain of
dc-dc boost converter are restrained by either the parasitic effect of power switches or the reverse recovery issue
of diodes. In addition, the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of capacitor and the parasitic resistances of
inductor are also affecting overall efficiency [5]-[26]. Although an alternative solution is the DC-DC fly back
converter along with some advantages such as simple structure, easy control, and cost effective, the energy of
leakage inductor of the transformer leads to low efficiency and high voltage stress across the active switch. To
employ an active clamp technique not only to recycle the leakage inductor energy of the transformer but to
constrain the voltage stress is the crossed active switch [12]-[14], however, the tradeoff is of higher cost and a
complex control circuit. Some converters effectively combined both boost and fly back converters as one or
other different converter combinations are developed to carry out high step up voltage gain by using the coupled
inductor technique [15]-[17]. Due to voltage gain has restricted by the voltage stress on the active switch, once
the leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor can be recycled that reduced the voltage stress on active
switch, this leads to the coupled inductor and the voltage multiplier or voltage-lift techniques are successfully
accomplished the goal of higher voltage gain [18]-[26].


Modelling and Simulation of High Step up DC to AC Converter for Microsource Application
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This paper presents a cascaded high step-up DC-DC converter to increase the output voltage of the
microsource to a proper voltage level for the dc interface through dc-ac inverter to the main electricity grid. The
proposed converter is a quadratic boost converter with the coupled inductor in the second boost converter.

Fig.1.Basic schematic of microgrid consisted of microsources and power converters.




The circuit diagram of the high step up converter is shown in Fig 2; the proposed circuit can be divided
as a conventional boost converter and a boost-fly back converter [15]. These two segments are named first boost
stage and second boost stage. The first boost stage is like a boost converter that includes an input inductor L
in
,
two diodes D
1
and D
2
, and a pumping capacitor C
1
. The second boost stage is a boost fly back converter that
includes a dual winding coupled inductor T
1
, two diodes D
3
and D
4
, and two output capacitors C
o1
and C
o2
. In
particular, these two stages are driven by a single switch S
1
. The features of this converter are as follows:- 1) the
quadratic boost converter in effectively extended to a voltage conversion ratio and the first boost stage also
benefited the input current ripple reduction; 2) the leakage inductor energy of the coupled inductor can be
recycled, which reduces the voltage stress on the active switch, and also the conversion efficiency is
significantly improved.


II. OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE PROPOSED CONVERTER
The simplified circuit model of the proposed converter is shown in Fig 3. The dual-winding coupled
inductor consisted of a magnetizing inductor L
m
, primary leakage inductor L
k1
, secondary leakage inductor L
k2
,
and an ideal transformer, which constituted the primary and secondary windings, N
1
and N
2
, respectively. In
order to simplify the circuit analysis of the proposed converter, some assumptions are stated as follows.
1) All components are ideally considered except the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor. The on
State resistance R
DS(ON)
and all parasitic capacitors of the main switch S
1
are neglected; in addition,
the forward voltage drop of the diodes D
1
-D
4
is ignored.
2) All capacitors are sufficiently large, and the voltages across capacitors are considered as constant
during one switching period.
3) The ESRs of all capacitors C
1
, C
o1
, and C
o2
are neglected.
4) The turn ratio n of dual winding coupled inductor T
1
is equal to N
2
/N
1
.


Modelling and Simulation of High Step up DC to AC Converter for Microsource Application
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III. SIMULATION RESULTS
The circuit of DC-AC converter system is shown in Fig 4(a). The output of solar cell is applied to the
high step up DC-DC converter. The output of the converter is applied to the inverter. The AC output of the
inverter is filtered using LC filter. The DC input voltage from the DC voltage of the solar cell is shown in Fig 4
(b). The input voltage is 15V. Measurement of power from the solar cell is shown in Fig 4 (c). The power is
obtained by multiplying voltage (V) and current (I). The gate pulses and voltage across the switch are shown in
Fig 4(d). The output voltage of the inverter with filter is shown in Fig 4(e). The current through the load is
shown in Fig 4(f). It can be seen that the current is in phase with the voltage.


Fig .4(a) Circuit diagram of DC to AC Converter



Fig.4(c) Measurement of Power

Modelling and Simulation of High Step up DC to AC Converter for Microsource Application
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Fig.4 (e) Output voltage



Fig.4 (f) Output current

IV. CONCLUSION
High step up DC-AC converter with microsource at the input is successfully modelled and simulated
using MATLAB simulink. The results indicate that high step up DC-AC converter is capable of stepping up the
voltage from 15V DC to 230V AC. This high step up DC-AC converter system is a viable alternative to the
existing converters. The advantages of this converter are reduced hardware and nearly sinusoidal output voltage.
The simulation results are in line with the predictions.
This converters can be used only for low current rated loads. The scope of this work is the modelling
and simulation of high step up DC to AC converter. The hardware implementation will be done in future.





Modelling and Simulation of High Step up DC to AC Converter for Microsource Application
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