PV Boost
PV Boost
PV Boost
Mikihiko Matsui
De-hong Xu
Boost
chopper
I. INTRODUCTION
In order to track the time varying maximum power point
of the solar array depending on its operating conditions of
insolation and temperature, the MPPT (maximum power
point tracking) control technique plays an important role in
the practical PV systems. A variety of MPPT schemes have
been proposed in the literatures so far [1]-[3]. Amongst
them, the authors have been focussing on the simplification
of the MPPT control system by utilizing steady state power
balancing condition at dc link which is the interlink stage of
two power conversion stages, i.e. a boost chopper stage and
a PWM inverter stage[4][5].
For the MPPT control, it is essential to use the
information of actual output power of the PV array, and the
duty ratio for boost chopper is selected to maximize the
output power by MPPT algorithm as shown in Fig.] (a). On
the other hand, authors previously proposed a new power
sensor-less method shown in Fig. 1 (b) .
In the steady state condition, the generated power of the
solar array and the regenerative power to the system side
should have a balance. Therefore a sensor for power
detection can be omitted by using the power balancing
condition that, the generated power is in proportion to
inverter output current magnitude which is the inner signal
of the controller in the steady state. However, response
deteriorates in comparison with the method which detects
power directly because the response of the proposed MPPT
operation directly depends on the response of the dc voltage
control loop of the inverter. The parameter of the main
circuit is decided in this paper from the practical viewpoint.
The inverter-power conversion stage is Modeled, and an
integration gain, algorithmic sampling time are set up in
consideration of the stability of the dc voltage control loop.
Then, it is proved that practical speed of response can be
realized in experiment by the proposed method.
Zhejiang University
Dept. of Electrical Eng.
Hang-zhou, 3 10027
P.R.China
Xdhdj@mail.hz.zj.cn
Fig. 1. Two different types of MPPT control schemes for the same voltage
source type converter topology connected in parallel with ac system.
A ) Operation principle
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IECONO1: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
time. That is, if Ipeak* is increasing, the searching direction
is always kept constant as before irrespective of the current
state of d* (Fig.3-@ a.nd Fig.3-@). On the other hand, if the
differential value of Ipeak* is found to be negative at a
sampling time, then the searching direction is changed
irrespective of the current state of d* (Fig.3-@ and Fig.30).
This decision making is arranged in the table 1 . Both Ti
B) MPPT algorithm
Boost chopper
Sphase INV.
0.4
0.8
0.6
d' iP.U.1
Fig. 3. d *versus Pmy and I+*
1
I
1
I
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
1
1
Increasing
Increasing
Decreasing
I 1
I ; z ~1 ~
,HH:~
Decreasing
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IECON'O1: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
and Tc are MPPT algorithmic parameters. Ti is a time
constant for an integrator at output stage, and Tc is the
sampling time. It is clear from Fig.5 that the peak-to-peak
value of d * is given by
dp p
,L
q. .
(1)
clink
- d ) ' 'array
(2)
A I
v, =JZVsinm
4-l i,
is = f i r sin wt
e =vq
-CO&)
%=VI
Therefore, the dc link voltage control system can be
shown in the linear control system as shown in Fig.7. The
instantaneous power will contain a fluctuating component
with the angular frequency 2 w in the case of single-phase
system. Such an influence of the component of 2 w can be
eliminated easily with a suitable filter inserted into the
Vlink voltage detection part. Thus, the Modeling of
single-phase system can be done in a same manner as that
for three-phase system as shown in Fig.7.
1)Single-phaseinverter : Assuming that the effective values
of ac system voltage and current are V and I, the coefficient
Kc for the single-phase system is given from a power
relationship between dc and ac side of the system.
2 =v r c o m
Fig. 8. Decision of Clink.
(7)
P = Vljnk
I;,,, = VI , I = ;eak
'
fi
(4)
r,
'in,
I ;eak
(5)
fivhkk
Then, Kc is given by
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IECONOI : 'The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
C ) Capacitor size of the dc link stage
Mink
hnk*
bU.1
&+lo
p-7.5
--400. r ,
0
K:"k
tl
4
Tpi
1p.u.I
0.05
'
0.04
-2 0.03
2 0.02
I
0.0 1
0
'.'link
0.15
0.1
0.2
Tdsl
'"link
5 7
2 100
50
00
'
4 E
3
2
1
lo
t[sl
'link
--
L 250
200
3
150
2
K K
KcKi s +Es+--((s+a)'=
8
7
6
400
- 350
5 300
'link
0.05
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IECONOZ: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
Pi
>5.r.
m]rating.
I
I
Module me
Module connection
IO.I[A]
i6orVi
1 1.4[A]
P m a l computer
Proposed system(Fig 2)
0-7803-7108-9/01/$10.00(C)200 1 IEEE
2[A]/div
10 1 1 12 13 14 15 16 17
Time
Fig. 15. Insolation, Parray, Vamy and Iarray.
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IECONOI: The 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
Research Center for High-technology) building in Tokyo
Institute of Polytechnics in Atsugi-city Kanagawa, Japan.
The picture of the solar array is shown in Fig.13, and its
specifications are given in Table 2. The configuration of
measuring instrumentation system is shown in Fig.14. An
N D converter board has been connected with the personal
computer, and the data logging has been done every 5
seconds. The input data to the ND converter include the
insolation measured by an illuminance meter, voltage and
current of the solar array. The measurement has been
carried out for nine hours from 8:OO a.m. to 17:OO p.m. on
April 20, 2001. The measured data, i.e. illuminance
(ILarray) , solar array voltage (Varray), current (Iarray),
and calculated power(Parray) are shown in Fig.15. The
optimal operating voltage which is slightly changing with
the insolation of the PV array is successfully trucked with
stable operation.
V. CONCLUSIONS
The parameter of the main circuit has been decided from
the practical viewpoint in the maximum power point
tracking control system which maximise the amplitude
value Ipeak* of the output current command of the inverter
in the steady state. The inverter stage was Modeled, and the
parameters such as the integrator gain, sampling time of
MPPT algorithm were given in consideration of the stability
of the dc voltage control loop. The effect of time-lag of LPF
in the link voltage detector on the system stability was also
clearly shown. Thus the system design examples were
shown to ensure the stable operation of the system.
The instantaneous power fluctuation due to the
negative-sequence voltage component doesnt exist ideally
in the three-phase system. However, the actual three-phase
system voltage cannot avoid some unbalance and therefore
contains some negative-sequence component. For this
reason, the experimental three-phase system was designed
to have the same LPF characteristics as single-phase system,
and the control response was same also. It has been proved
that the response time of both single-phase and three-phase
system is fast enough from the practical point of view.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work has been supported by Grant-in-Aid for
Scientific Research from the Japanese ministry of Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and
the JRCH of Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics. The authors
would like to thank all the people who are concerned.
REFERENCES
[I]
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