Preview of "Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2) - EEP"

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Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow
(Part 2)
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 2) | EEP http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/electrical-thumb-rule...
1 of 4 01/08/14 12:38 PM
Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow // PART 2 (on photo: Osprey Lunch Among The
Electrical Wires! by Kathleen Jackson via Flickr)
Continued from first part: Electrical Thumb Rules You MUST Follow (Part 1)
Useful Electrical Equations
For Sinusoidal Current: Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value = 1.11
For Sinusoidal Current: Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value = 1.414
Average Value of Sinusoidal Current (I
av
) = 0.637 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current (I
rms
) = 0.707 x Im (Im = Max.Value)
A.C Current = D.C Current/0.636.
Phase Difference between Phase = 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360, 2
Phase=360/2=180)
Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (I
sc
) =
(0.094 x Cable Dia in Sq.mm) /! Short Circuit Time (Sec)
Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip (mm2) = !(Fault Current x Fault Current x
Operating Time of Disconnected Device ) / K
K = Material Factor, K for Cu = 159, K for Al = 105, K for steel = 58 , K for GI = 80
Most Economical Voltage at given Distance = 5.5 x ! ((km/1.6) + (kw/100))
Cable Voltage Drop (%) =
(1.732 x current x (Rcos!+jsin!) x 1.732 x Length (km) x 100) / (Volt(L-L) x Cable Run.
Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18 x (P P Volt) + (2 x
(Span in Length)/50).
Protection radius of Lighnting Arrestor = !h x (2D-h) + (2D+L).
Where h= height of L.A, D-distance of equipment (20, 40, 60 Meter), L=V x t
(V=1m/ms, t=Discharge Time).
Size of Lightning Arrestor = 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5 x (System
Voltage/1.732).
Maximum Voltage of the System = 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV = 1.1 " 66 =
72.6KV)
Load Factor = Average Power/Peak Power
If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) = you are paying maximum amount of KWH
2 of 4 01/08/14 12:38 PM
consumption. Load Factor may be increased by switching or use of your Electrical
Application.
Demand Factor = Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
Diversity Factor =
Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
Plant Factor (Plant Capacity) = Average Load / Capacity of Plant
Fusing Factor = Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
Voltage Variation (1 to 1.5%) = ((Average Voltage Min Voltage) x 100)/Average Voltage
Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460 455) x 100)/455 = 1.1%.
Current Variation (10%) = ((Average Current Min Current) x 100)/Average Current
Ex: 30A,35A,30A, Current Variation = ((35-31.7) x 100)/31.7 = 10.4%
Fault Level at TC Secondary
= TC (VA) x 100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
Motor Full Load Current = Kw /1.732 x KV x P.F x Efficiency
Recommended EE articles
jiguparmar - Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat
University. He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE),India. Membership
No:M-1473586.He has more than 12 years experience in Transmission
-Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical
Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is
Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Assistant Manager
at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror",
"Electrical India", "Lighting India", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power Publications)
Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base
Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with
English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and
help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various
Engineering Topics.
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