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    Highlights of The Systemic Anatomy: Important Concepts Important Contents

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    api-19641337
    This document provides highlights and summaries of key topics in human anatomy. It begins with an overview of the skeleton, joints, skull, vertebral column, and joints of the upper and lower limbs. It then summarizes muscles of the trunk, face, neck, upper limb, and lower limb. Other sections summarize the anatomy of the alimentary system, respiratory system, urinary/male genital systems, female genital system and peritoneum, heart/arteries, veins, lymphatic system, visual organs, and vestibulocochlear organ. Practical sections provide guidance on studying bones of the skull and muscles of the lower limb.

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    Highlights of The Systemic Anatomy: Important Concepts Important Contents

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    api-19641337
    86 views5 pages
    This document provides highlights and summaries of key topics in human anatomy. It begins with an overview of the skeleton, joints, skull, vertebral column, and joints of the upper and lower limbs. It then summarizes muscles of the trunk, face, neck, upper limb, and lower limb. Other sections summarize the anatomy of the alimentary system, respiratory system, urinary/male genital systems, female genital system and peritoneum, heart/arteries, veins, lymphatic system, visual organs, and vestibulocochlear organ. Practical sections provide guidance on studying bones of the skull and muscles of the lower limb.

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    highlightforthesystemicanatomy

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    This document provides highlights and summaries of key topics in human anatomy. It begins with an overview of the skeleton, joints, skull, vertebral column, and joints of the upper and lower limbs. It then summarizes muscles of the trunk, face, neck, upper limb, and lower limb. Other sections summarize the anatomy of the alimentary system, respiratory system, urinary/male genital systems, female genital system and peritoneum, heart/arteries, veins, lymphatic system, visual organs, and vestibulocochlear organ. Practical sections provide guidance on studying bones of the skull and muscles of the lower limb.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    86 views5 pages

    Highlights of The Systemic Anatomy: Important Concepts Important Contents

    Uploaded by

    api-19641337
    This document provides highlights and summaries of key topics in human anatomy. It begins with an overview of the skeleton, joints, skull, vertebral column, and joints of the upper and lower limbs. It then summarizes muscles of the trunk, face, neck, upper limb, and lower limb. Other sections summarize the anatomy of the alimentary system, respiratory system, urinary/male genital systems, female genital system and peritoneum, heart/arteries, veins, lymphatic system, visual organs, and vestibulocochlear organ. Practical sections provide guidance on studying bones of the skull and muscles of the lower limb.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as rtf, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Highlights of the systemic anatomy

    Highlights of the introduction and skeleton


    Important concepts
    Variation, Epiphyseal plate, Epiphyseal line
    Important contents
    1.Structure of bones
    2.Chemical components and physical properties of bones

    Highlights of the introduction of joints


    Important concepts
    Circumduction
    Important contents
    1. Essential and accessory structures of synovial joints
    2. Movement types of synovial joints
    3. Types of synovial joints

    Highlight of the skull


    Important concepts
    Pterion, Pterygopalatine fossa, Frontal fontanelle
    Important contents
    1. Important paths or marks (sulcuses, fissures, foramina, and canals) for nerves
    and vessels in the cranial base
    2. Anatomy of the orbits, bony nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
    3. Features of the infant skull

    Highlights of the bones of trunk and their Joins


    Important Concepts
    sacral promontory, Intervertebral disc, sacral cornua, costal arch, sternal angle
    Important Contents
    1. Main characterstics of vertebrae in each regions
    2. Joints of vertebral bodies
    3. Joints of vertebral arches
    4. Vertebral column as a whole and its movements
    5. The structure of thoracic cage

    Highlights of the joints of upperlimb


    Important Contents
    1. the structure of the shoulder joint
    2. the structure of the elbow joint

    Highlights of the joints of lowerlimb


    Important Contents
    1. The structures of the hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint
    2. Concept: terminal line

    Highlights of the introduction of the muscle, the muscle of the trunk, face, neck
    Important Contents
    1. Describe the general shape of muscles and the functions of agonists,
    antagonists, synergists, and fixators;
    2. List the criteria used in naming muscles;
    3. Define the origin and insertion ;
    4. Describe the formation of the tendinous sheath;
    5. Name and identify the muscles of the back, muscles of the thorax, diaphragm,
    muscles of the abdomen, the muscles of mastication, infrahyoid muscles, deep
    muscles of the neck;
    6. Define the rectus sheath and the inguinal canal

    Highlights for the muscle of upperlimb


    Important Contents
    1. Musculotendinous cuff
    2. Please remember the groups of upper limb muscles, and comprehend the
    actions of each group.
    3.Please remember the origins, insertions and actions of deltoid, biceps brachii,
    and triceps brachii muscles.

    Highlights for the muscle of the lower limb


    Important Contents
    1. gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, piriformis;
    2. Sartorius, quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
    and vastus intermedius), biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus;
    3. triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus)

    Highlights of the alimentary system


    lImportant consepts
    Isthmus of fauces, Tonsilar ring, ileocecal valve, Mcburne’s point, Houston’s
    valve, anorectal line, pectinate line, Porta hepatic, hepatic pedicle, ampulla of vater,
    major duodenal papilla
    Important contents
    1. reference lines of the thorax, regions of the abdomen
    2. composition of the alimentary system
    3. types, features, dentition and dental formula of the teeth
    4. position, division and features of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, esophagus,
    stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
    5. division of the small intestine
    6. division and features of the large intestine, features of the rectum and anal
    canal
    7. composition of the extrahepatic bile ducts

    Highlights for the respiratory system


    Important concepts
    Upper respiratory tract / Lower respiratory tract /Costomediastinal recess /
    Mediastinum / Pleural cavity/ Paranasal sinus/ Carina of trachea / Bronchial tree
    /Bronchopulmonary segments / Hilum of lung / Root of lung / Pulmonary ligament /
    Vocal folds
    Important contents
    1. Positions and openings of paranasal sinuses
    2. Divisions of laryngeal cavity
    3. Features of left and right principal bronchi
    4. External features of lung
    5. Divisions of parietal pleura

    Highlights for urinary system and male genital system


    Important concepts
    Renal hilum; renal pedicle; renal sinus; renal column; trigone of bladder;
    interureteric fold; spermatic cord; urethral crest
    Important contents
    1. The three layers of coverings of each kidney
    2. The three parts of each ureter;
    3. The three narrowed place of each ureter
    4. The empty urinary bladder consists of four portions
    5. The composing of internal and external genital organs
    6. The three parts of epididymis;
    7. The four parts of ductus deferens
    8. Three parts of prostate
    9. Three parts of penis
    10. The three cavernous bodies of penis
    11. Three parts of male urethra
    12. The two curves, three constrictions and three dilated places of male urethra

    Highlights for the joints of the female genital system and peritoneum
    Important concepts
    posterior fornix of vagina, suspensory lig. of the mamma, parietal peritoneum,
    visceral peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, omental foramen, omental bursa.
    Important contents
    1. the components of the female internal genital organs
    2. the ligaments of the ovary
    3. the division of the uterine tube and clinical application of each part
    4. the division, posture and ligaments of the uterus
    5. the structures formed by the peritoneum

    Highlights for the heart and artery


    Heart
    1. Organization of Cardiovascular System
    2. Concept of blood circulation (Pulmonary and Systemic circulation)
    3. Position and Shape of Heart
    4. Chambers of Heart:
    5. Structures of right atrium (Three inlets\Oval fossa\Triangle of Koch)
    6. Structures of right ventricle (trabeculae carneae-septomarginal trabecula 、
    Tricuspid complex )
    7. Structures of left ventricle (Mitral complex \aortic sinus)
    4. Fibrous cardiac skeleton (Four annuli\Two trigones)
    5. Septums (interatrial and interventricular septum:muscular part\membranous
    part)
    6. Components of cardiac conduction system
    7. Main branches and distributions of coronary arteries
    8. Composition and Sinuses of Pericardium
    Artery
    1. Concept of artery and arterial ligament
    2. Subsection of Aorta
    3. Aortic arch and its branches
    4. Concept and function of Carotid sinus (Pressure receptor) and Carotid body
    (Chemical receptor)
    5. External carotid artery and its branches
    6. Subclavian artery and its branches(vertebral and inferior thyroid a.)
    7. Aterial trunk of upper lombs：axillary artery 、brachial artery 、radial artery
    、ulnar artery；
    8. Composition of superficial palmar arch and deep palmar arch
    9. Arteries of thoracic wall (Internal thoracic artery and Posterior intercostal
    artery)
    10. The unpaired visceral branches(Celiac trunk,Superior mesenteric
    artery,Inferior mesenteric artery ), its branches and distribution
    11. Internal iliac artery and main branches(uterine artery, obturator artery and
    internal pudendal artery)
    12. Aterial trunk of lower lombs ： femoral a. , popliteal a. , anterior tibial a. ,
    posterior tibial a.

    Highlights for the vein


    Important concept
    1. Dangerous triangle of the face
    2. Venous angle
    Important contents
    1. Routs that facial vein communicates with cavernous sinus
    2. Superficial veins in upper and lower limbs
    3. Names of deep veins that accompany no artery
    4. Main tributaries of hepatic portal vein
    5. locations that hepatic portal venous system communicates with vena caval
    system

    Highlights for the lymphatic system


    Important concepts
    Regional lymph nodes, Cisterna chili, Thoracic duct
    Important contents
    1. What are five groups of axillary lymph nodes?
    2. What are nine major lymphatic trunks?
    3. What are two great terminal lymphatic vessels?

    Highlights for the visual organ


    Important Concept
    Proprioceptor; Conjunctival sac ; Scleral venous sinus. Limbus corneae; Optic
    disc; Macula lutea; Central fovea
    Important Contents
    1. The layers of the eyeball wall and their features
    2. Refractive media of the eye
    3. Aqueous humor circulation and its physiological importance.
    4. The origins, insertions and functions of the ocular muscles.

    Highlights for the vestibulocochlear organ


    Important Concepts
    Cone of light Ossicular chain Oval window Round window
    Important Contents
    1. The walls of the tympanic cavity.
    2. The features of the auditory tube in child & the clinical importance
    3. Pathways of sound conduction

    Practicals for the skull


    Part 1. individual cranial bones
    1. Recognize positions of all individual bones on skull (using the colored skull)
    2. Observe structures of separated frontal bone, occipital bone, temporal bone,
    maxillary bone & mandible; the structures of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones can be
    observed on the models or skull (showed by teachers)
    Part 2. Views of skull
    1. Observe structures in each aspects of the skull, especially in internal &
    external aspects of the cranial base (note the relationship between the
    foramen lacerum and the carotid canal)
    2. Observe the temporomandibular joit
    3. Observe the structures of the orbits & bony nasal cavity (some structures
    of the nasal cavity may be broken)
    4. Pterygopalatine fossa (showed by teachers)
    5. Observe fontanelles of infant skull

    Practicals for the lower limb muscles


    1. Iliopsoas, tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus
    minimus, piriformis;
    2. Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus, adductor longus , gracilis, adductor
    brevis, adductor magnus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus;
    3. Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus,
    peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus),
    flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus

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