Astm 34
Astm 34
Astm 34
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to magnetic testing,
reference shall be made to Terminology A 340.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers sampling procedures and test practices for determination of various magnetic properties of both
soft and hard magnetic materials.
1.2 This practice may be used either in conjunction with, or
independent of, the standard test methods and materials specifications under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06. In
the former situation, the sampling and testing procedures listed
herein shall not supersede those found in the individual test
methods and materials specifications. In the latter situation, the
sampling and testing procedures listed herein shall strictly
apply.
1.3 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets
except for the sections concerning calculations where there are
separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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5. Test Lots
5.1 Wrought, Flat-Rolled, or Long Products:
5.1.1 A test lot of wrought, flat-rolled, or long products shall
consist of not more than 50 000 lb [23 000 kg] of material.
5.1.2 A test lot may be composed of coils or cut lengths. A
test lot of coil product may consist of one or more coils having
essentially the same treatment and composition.
5.2 Amorphous Strip and Wire:
5.2.1 A test lot shall consist of a continuously cast strip or
wire in one coil without breaks. In practice this may represent
quantities up to 2200 lb [1000 kg].
5.3 Powder Metallurgically Produced Parts:
5.3.1 A test lot shall consist of parts of the same geometry
and dimensions, made from powder of the same composition,
molded and sintered under the same conditions, which have
been submitted for inspection at one time.
5.4 Cast Parts:
5.4.1 A test lot shall consist of parts of the same geometry
and dimensions, made from the same casting heat, which have
been submitted for inspection at one time.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2
A 340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
Magnetic Testing
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic
Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originally
approved in 1911. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 34/A 34M 01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
6. Sampling
6.1 Electrical Steel Coils:
6.1.1 From test lots in coil form, consisting of only one
master coil, prepare the test strips from test sheets cut from one
or both ends of the coil.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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A 34/A 34M 06
represent the areas being sampled. Standard forms include flat
strips, rings, bars, and links in accordance with the following
practices.
7.1.1 Flat Strips:
7.1.1.1 Except when otherwise established by mutual agreement between the producer and the purchaser, the Epstein test
specimen shall be the standard specimen for determination of
the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels.
7.1.1.2 Standard Epstein test specimens shall be composed
of test strips preferably cut from test sheets in a manner shown
in Fig. 1 (a) or (b). One half of the strips are cut parallel to and
the other half cut perpendicular to the direction of rolling.
7.1.1.3 If the width of the material does not permit cutting
of strips perpendicular to the rolling direction, or, if the
material has preferred properties in any one direction with
respect to the direction of rolling, or, if the material is to be
used with the flux in any one direction, all of the strips may be
cut in a specified direction which shall be agreed upon by the
producer and the purchaser. All lengthwise strips may be
selected as shown in Fig. 1 (c).
7.1.1.4 When fewer than the total number of strips obtained
from the sampled area are needed for the test specimen, the
excess strips should be discarded equally from all locations in
the sampled area. For instance, if approximately 14 of the total
strips obtained is excess, every fourth strip should be discarded.
7.1.1.5 The Epstein test specimen shall consist of strips
sheared or punched in a width of 3.00 cm [30.0 mm] and not
less than 28.0 cm [280 mm] long. If for ease of assembling the
specimen in the test frame, it is desired to use strips slightly
longer than 28.0 cm [280 mm], a length of 30.5 cm [305 mm]
is recommended.
7.1.1.6 Test strips shall be nearly rectangular as possible and
shall conform to the specified dimensions within 60.08 cm
[0.8 mm].
7.1.1.7 Test strips shall be cut with sharp shears or dies to
avoid excessive burring or distortion.
7.1.1.8 Reports of test shall state specifically the manner in
which the test strips were cut if other than one half parallel and
the other half perpendicular to the direction of rolling.
7.1.2 Rings:
FIG. 1 Suggested Distribution of Strips To Be Cut from Sheets for Magnetic Tests
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A 34/A 34M 06
10. Density
10.1 For the determination of cross-sectional area of laminated or spirally wound test specimens, a calculation based on
length, weight, and density is more accurate than measured
dimensions.
10.1.1 Table 1 gives typical densities for commercial soft
magnetic alloys.
10.2 Electrical Steels (Customary Units):
10.2.1 For iron base alloys, the average relationship between density and silicon content or silicon and aluminum
content, bothin weight percent, is given by the equation:
where:
d = density, g/cm3.
.
10.3 Electrical Steels (SI Units) :
10.3.1 For iron base alloys, the average relationship between density and silicon content or silicon and aluminum
content, bothin weight percent, is given by the equation:
d 5 7865 2 65 ~percent silicon 1 1.7 3 percent aluminum!
(2)
where:
d = density, kg/m3.
.
7.86
7.60
6.74
6.53
Assumed density
(g/cm3)
7.85
7.80
7.75
7.70
7.65
7.60
7.55
00.62
0.631.38
1.392.15
2.162.92
2.933.69
3.704.46
4.475.23
Density (g/cm3) A
8.17
8.25
8.30
8.58
8.60
8.74
8.77
8.90
Cobalt-Iron Alloys
7.95
8.00
8.12
8.15
8.85
Amorphous Alloys
Iron base
Nickel base
Cobalt base
A
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7.20
7.90
7.59
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Nickel-Iron Alloys
45 % Ni-Fe
48.5 % Ni-Fe
52 % Ni-Fe
77 % Ni, 2 % Cr, 5 % Cu-Fe
78.5 % Ni-Fe
80 % Ni, 4 % Mo-Fe
80 % Ni, 5 % Mo-Fe
Nickel (99.95 % Ni + Co)
A 34/A 34M 06
13. Keywords
10.4 Other MaterialsFor other alloys, the measured density or, if necessary, an estimated value, shall be used. Refer to
Table 1 or to the appropriate ASTM specification for the
density to be used in magnetic testing.
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This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).
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