Direct Shear Test
Direct Shear Test
Direct Shear Test
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.0
CONTENT
OBJECTIVE
LEARNING OUTCOME
THEORY
REST EQUIPMENTS
PROCEDURES
RESULT
DATA ANALYSIS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
QUESTION
OBJECTIVE
2.0
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this experiment, student are able to :
Determine the shear strength parameter of the soil
Handle shear strength test, direct shear test
3.0
THEORY
f c tan
Where :
c = cohesion, which is due to internal forces holding soil
particles together in a solid
mass
= friction, which is due to the interlocking of the particles and the
friction between
them when subjected to normal stress
The friction components increase with increasing normal stress but the
cohesion components remains constant. If there is no normal stress the
friction disappears. This relationship shown in the graph below. This graph
generally approximates to a straight line, its inclination to the horizontal axis
being equal to the angle of shearing resistance of the soil, and its
intercept on the vertical (shear stress) axis being the apparent cohesion,
denoted by c.
4.0
TEST EQUIPMENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
retaining plate
5.0
PROCEDURES
Apparatus of experiment.
3. Two halves of the shear box is fixed by means of fixing screws.
4. For cohesive soils, the soil sample is transferred from square
specimen cutter to the
shearbox by pressing down on the top grid plate. For sandy soil, soil
is compacted in
L (mm)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
Proving Ring
Dail
Gauge
1
9
13
20
24
28
31
34
37
39
42
44
46
48
49
51
Load, P
(kN)
0.0020
0.0184
0.0265
0.0408
0.0490
0.0571
0.0632
0.0694
0.0755
0.0796
0.0857
0.0898
0.0938
0.0979
0.1000
0.1040
Shear
Stress
(kN/m2)
Strain
0.57
5.10
7.37
11.33
13.60
15.87
17.57
19.27
20.97
22.10
23.80
24.93
26.07
27.20
27.77
28.90
0.0017
0.0033
0.0050
0.0067
0.0083
0.0100
0.0117
0.0133
0.0150
0.0167
0.0183
0.0200
0.0217
0.0233
0.0250
0.0267
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20
52
54
55
55
56
57
58
58
59
60
60
61
61
62
62
62
0.1061
0.1102
0.1122
0.1122
0.1142
0.1163
0.1183
0.1183
0.1204
0.1224
0.1224
0.1244
0.1244
0.1265
0.1265
0.1265
29.47
30.60
31.17
31.17
31.73
32.30
32.87
32.87
33.43
34.00
34.00
34.57
34.57
35.13
35.13
35.13
0.0283
0.0300
0.0317
0.0333
0.0350
0.0367
0.0383
0.0400
0.0417
0.0433
0.0450
0.0467
0.0483
0.0500
0.0517
0.0533
Shear
Stress
(kN/m2)
Strain
10.20
11.90
13.60
17.57
19.83
22.10
24.37
26.07
27.20
28.90
30.03
31.17
32.30
33.43
34.57
35.70
36.83
37.40
38.53
0.0017
0.0033
0.0050
0.0067
0.0083
0.0100
0.0117
0.0133
0.0150
0.0167
0.0183
0.0200
0.0217
0.0233
0.0250
0.0267
0.0283
0.0300
0.0317
Specimen No : 2
Loading : 2.5kg
Displacement
Dail Gauge
L (mm)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
Proving Ring
Dail
Gauge
18
21
24
31
35
39
43
46
48
51
53
55
57
59
61
63
65
66
68
Load, P
(kN)
0.0367
0.0428
0.0490
0.0632
0.0714
0.0796
0.0877
0.0938
0.0979
0.1040
0.1081
0.1122
0.1163
0.1204
0.1244
0.1285
0.1326
0.1346
0.1387
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20
69
70
71
73
74
75
75
76
77
77
78
78
78
0.1408
0.1428
0.1448
0.1489
0.1510
0.1530
0.1530
0.1550
0.1571
0.1571
0.1591
0.1591
0.1591
39.10
39.67
40.23
41.37
41.93
42.50
42.50
43.07
43.63
43.63
44.20
44.20
44.20
0.0333
0.0350
0.0367
0.0383
0.0400
0.0417
0.0433
0.0450
0.0467
0.0483
0.0500
0.0517
0.0533
Shear
Stress
(kN/m2)
Strain
0.00
8.50
11.90
15.87
20.40
24.93
28.90
32.30
33.43
36.83
39.10
40.80
43.07
44.77
45.90
47.60
49.30
49.87
51.00
52.13
0.0017
0.0033
0.0050
0.0067
0.0083
0.0100
0.0117
0.0133
0.0150
0.0167
0.0183
0.0200
0.0217
0.0233
0.0250
0.0267
0.0283
0.0300
0.0317
0.0333
Specimen No : 3
Loading : 3.25kg
Displacement
Dail Gauge
L (mm)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
Proving Ring
Dail
Gauge
0
15
21
28
36
44
51
57
59
65
69
72
76
79
81
84
87
88
90
92
Load, P
(kN)
0.0000
0.0306
0.0428
0.0571
0.0734
0.0898
0.1040
0.1163
0.1204
0.1326
0.1408
0.1469
0.1550
0.1612
0.1652
0.1714
0.1775
0.1795
0.1836
0.1877
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.50
2.60
2.70
2.80
2.90
3.00
3.10
3.20
3.30
3.40
3.50
3.60
3.70
3.80
3.90
4.00
4.10
4.20
93
94
96
98
99
99
100
101
102
103
105
106
106
107
109
109
110
111
111
112
112
112
0.1897
0.1918
0.1958
0.1999
0.2020
0.2020
0.2040
0.2060
0.2081
0.2101
0.2142
0.2162
0.2162
0.2183
0.2224
0.2224
0.2244
0.2264
0.2264
0.2285
0.2285
0.2285
52.70
53.27
54.40
55.53
56.10
56.10
56.67
57.23
57.80
58.37
59.50
60.07
60.07
60.63
61.77
61.77
62.33
62.90
62.90
63.47
63.47
63.47
0.0350
0.0367
0.0383
0.0400
0.0417
0.0433
0.0450
0.0467
0.0483
0.0500
0.0517
0.0533
0.0550
0.0567
0.0583
0.0600
0.0617
0.0633
0.0650
0.0667
0.0683
0.0700
7.0
DATA ANALYSIS
Shear Stress ( 20mm dial gauge reading )
= P/A = [ ( dial gauge x 0.00204) / Area ]
Strain ( 20mm dial gauge reading )
= ( L / L ) = [ ( Dail Gauge x 0.01) / Total Length ]
Example calculation to find shear stress and strain for specimen 1 :
L (mm)
= 150 x 0.002
= 0.30
Load, P (kN)
= 13 x 0.00204
= 0.0265
Shear Stress ( 20mm dial gauge reading ) :
=
13 x 0.00204
0.06 x 0.06
7.37 kN/m
150 x 0.002
60
0.0050
Specimen No : 2
Loading: 2.5 kg
Normal Stress
Specimen No : 3
Loading: 3.25 kg
Normal Stress
P
A
= 1.75 x 10 x 9.81
(0.06 x 0.06)1000
= 47.69 kN/m
P
A
= 2.5 x 10 x 9.81
(0.06 x 0.06)1000
= 68.13 kN/m
P
A
= 3.25 x 10 x 9.81
(0.06 x 0.06)1000
= 88.56 kN/m
Specimen 1
Loading 1.75kg :
Specimen 2
Loading 2.5kg :
Specimen 3
Loading 3.25kg :
Shear Strength
From the graph, data obtained : = 17 , c = 0
f c tan
1. = 47.69 kN/m2
= 0 + 47.69 tan 17
= 14.58 kN/m2
2. = 68.13 kN/m2
= 0 + 68.13 tan 17
= 20.83 kN/m2
3. = 88.56 kN/m2
= 0 + 88.56 tan 17
= 27.08 kN/m2
8.0
DISCUSSION
9.0
CONCLUTION
10.0 QUESTIONS
Question 1
a. Why perforated plate in this test with teeth?
The perforated plate in this test with teeth because by the teeth, the
experiment can be produce a grip forces between the involved plate and the
sand and can assists in distributing the shear stress. This is also to ensure
the soil does not slide away from the metal plate. When the load is applied
on the soil, the perforated plate will grip the soil and push the soil.