Iso 2919 (1999)
Iso 2919 (1999)
Iso 2919 (1999)
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
ISO
2919
Second edition
1999-02-15
Reprdumcd B, GLOBAL
ENGINEERING DOCVU'IETS
WihThePcn.omnf I
bndcrRo*,lrs
U
Agcifl
Sources radioactivesscellees -
g6nerales et classification
IzSO
Prescriptions
Reference number
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO 2919:1999(E)
Contents
1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................
3 Definitions .................................................................................
..................................................................
2
4 Classification and designation ..............................................................................................................................
7 Test methods.................................8
7.1 General....................................
7.2 Temperature test ............................................................................................................................................................
10
7.5
etest ...................................................................................................................................................
7.7 Vibration
Bending tests....................................................................
10
10
10
11
8. So rend aringte
s ......................................................................................................................................................
8 Source marking............................................
13
13
ISO 1999
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Intemet
iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
13
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iii
ISO 2919:1999(E)
C ISO
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is
a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards
is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates
closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees
are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by
at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 2919 was prepared by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, Subcommittee
SC 2, Radiationprotection.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(ISO 2919:1980) and ISO 1677:1977, which have been
technically revised.
Annexes A to E of this International Standard are for information
only.
iv
ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
Introduction
Safety is the prime consideration in establishing any standard for the use of sealed radioactive
sources. Sealed
source users have established an enviable record of safe usage as a result of careful scrutiny of
the application of
the sealed radioactive source by the regulating authority, the supplier and the user. However. as
the application of
sealed radioactive sources becomes more diversified and as regulating agencies become
more numerous, an
International Standard is needed to specify the characteristics of a sealed radioactive source
and the essential
performance and safety testing methods for a particular application and, thus, maintain the record
of safe usage.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
@ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO 2919:1999(E)
Q ISO
Part 1: Guidelines.
Sealed radioactivesources -
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply. These
are given in alphabetical
order.
3.1
capsule
protective envelope used to prevent leakage of radioactive material
3.2
dummy sealed source
facsimile of a sealed source, the capsule of which has the same construction and
is made with exactly the same
materials as those of the sealed source that it represents but containing, in place
of the radioactive material, a
substance resembling it as closely as practical in physical and chemical properties
3.3
fluence rate
number of particles and/or photons of ionizing radiation emitted per unit time from
the sealed source in defined
geometry
NOTE
3.4
leakage
transfer of contained radioactive material from the sealed source to the environment
3.5
leaktight
term applied to sealed sources which, after leakage testing, have met the limiting
values given in table 1 of
ISO 9978:1992
3.6
model designation
unique term (number, code or combination of these) which is used to identify a specific
type of sealed source
3.7
non-leachable
term used to convey that the radioactive material in the form contained in the sealed
source is virtually insoluble in
water and is not convertible into dispersible products
ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
3.8
prototype sealed source
original of a sealed source which serves as a pattern
for the manufacture of all sealed sources identified by
the
same model designation
3.9
quality assurance
all the planned and systematic activities implemented
within the quality system, and demonstrated as needed,
to
provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfil requirements
for quality
3.10
radiotoxicity
the ability of a radionuclide to produce injury by virtue
of its emitted radiations, when incorporated in the human
body
3.11
sealed source
radioactive material sealed in a capsule or associated
with a material to which it is closely bonded, this capsule
or
bonding material being strong enough to maintain leaktightness
of the sealed source under the conditions of use
and wear for which it was designed
3.12
simulated sealed source
facsimile of a sealed source, the capsule of which has
the same construction and is made with exactly the
same
materials as those of the sealed source that it represents
but containing, in place of the radioactive material,
substance with physical and chemical properties as
a
close as possible to those of the radioactive material
and
containing radioactive material of tracer quantity only
NOTE
The tracer should be soluble in a solvent which does not attack
the capsule and it should have a maximum activity
compatible with its use in a test environment (e.g. approximately
1 MBq caesium 137).
3.13
source assembly
sealed source contained within or attached to a source
holder
3.14
source holder
fixed or removable mechanical device to hold up or to
support the source
3.15
source in device
sealed source which remains within the shielded equipment
during exposure, thus providing some mechanical
protection during use
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO
If required, a number is inserted between the parentheses describing the type of bending test the source has
passed. Such bending tests, required for some particularly shaped sources (long
slender sources, brachytherapy
needles), are established in table 1 and specific requirements are given in 7.7.
Multiple tests may be performed and
described to satisfy the test criteria. The parentheses may be omitted if no bending
test is required.
EXAMPLES:
a typical industrial radiography source design for unprotected use would be
designated "ISO/98/C43515(1)" or
"ISO/98/C43515";
Reference
No test
B. Test
7.7.1.
B. Test
7.7.1
B. Test
7.7.1
B. Test
7.7.1
B. Test
7.7.1
B. Test
7.7.2
B. Test
7.7.3
Special
test
100 N
(10,2 kg)
500 N
(51 kg)
1 000N
(102 kg)
2000N
(204 kg)
4000N
(408 kg)
Static force
S.F. =
4.2 Classification
The classification levels are given in tables 1 and 2. Table 2 provides a list of
environmental test conditions with
class numbers arranged in increasing order of severity. The classifications
given in table 4 do not consider the
effects of fire, explosion and corrosion. In the evaluation of sealed sources,
the manufacturer and user shall
consider the probability of fire, explosion, corrosion, etc. and the possible results
from such events. Factors which
should be considered in determining the need for special testing are:
a)
b)
c)
radiotoxicity;
d)
e)
f)
The user and manufacturer should jointly decide the additional tests to which the
sealed source shall be subjected,
if any.
Annex D contains examples of special tests.
Q ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
Temperature
Class
1
No test
- 40 0C (20 min)
+1800C(lh)
- 40 00 (20 min)
+800'C(1h)
and thermal
shock to
Special test
External
pressure
No test
25 kPa absolute
to atmospheric
Impact
No test
50 g from 1 m
or equivalent
imparted energy
Vibration
Puncture
No test
No test
25 kPa absolute
to 2 MPa
absolute
200 g from 1 m
or equivalent
imparted energy
200C
20'C
20'C
25 kPa absolute
to 7 MPa
absolute
25 kPa absolute
to 70 MPa
absolute
25 kPa absolute
to 170 MPa
absolute
Special test
2 kg from 1 m
or equivalent
imparted energy
5 kg from 1 m
or equivalent
imparted energy
20 kg from 1 m
or equivalent
imparted energy
Special test
Not used
Special test
1 kg from 1 m
or equivalent
imparted energy
Special test
3times 10 min
3 times 10 min
3 times 3m0rin
25 to 500 Hz at
25 to 50 Hz at
25 to 80 Hz at
49 rms 2 (5 gn) 1) 49 Mrs2
(5 gn) 1) 1.5 mm amplitude
Not used
and 50 to 90 Hz peak to peak and
at 0.635 mm
80 to 2 000 Hz at
2
amplitude peak 196 Mr/s
(20 gn) 1
to peak and
90 to 500 Hz at
98 m/s 2 (10 gn) 1)
1 g from 1 m
log from 1 m
50 g from 1 m
300 g from 1 m
or equivalent
or equivalent
or equivalent
or equivalent
imparted energy imparted energy imparted energy imparted energy
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO
Except if required, evaluation of the effect of fire, explosion, corrosion and radiotoxicity of the radionuclide
shall be
considered only when the activity of the sealed source exceeds
the value shown in table 3. If the activity exceeds
this value, the specifications of the sealed sources shall be considered
on an individual basis. If the activity does not
exceed the values shown in table 3, table 4 may be used without
further consideration of either radiotoxicity or
solubility.
Table 3 -
Radionuclide group
(from annex A)
Specified activity
TBq (Ci)
Leachable
'
Non-leachable"'
0,1 (about 3)
B1
1 (about 30)
10 (about 300)
B2
10 (about 300)
20 (about 500)
1) Leachable: greater than 0.01 % of the total activity in 100 ml in still H20 at 50 C for 4 h
conforming to 5.1.1 of ISO 9978:1992.
2) Non-leachable: less than 0,01 % of the total activity in 100 ml in still
H2 0 at 50 'C for 4 h
conforming to 5.1.1 of ISO 9978:1992.
6 Performance requirements
6.1
General requirements
ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
tp
--
IIIUUtIrIal
Medical
Gamma gauges
(medium and high energy)
Sealeo source
Source to be used in
device
1
2
Radiography
Gamma teletherapy
Brachytherapy [6] 1)
Surface applicators 2)
Unprotected source
Source in device
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
3
4
4
Oil-well logging
Portable moisture and density gauge (including hand
held or dolly-transported)
Category I 2)
Categories II, Il
and IV 3)
Ion generators 3)
Chromatography
2
3
1
1
2
3
Static eliminators
Smoke directors 2)
1
1
test procedures.
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO
7 Test methods
7.1 General
The test procedures given in this clause present acceptable procedures
for determining performance classification
numbers. All the criteria set are the minimum requirements. Procedures
which can be demonstrated to be at least
equivalent are also acceptable. All tests, except the temperature tests,
shall be carried out at ambient temperature.
Criteria for compliance with this International Standard after testing
are given in 4.3.
7.2 Temperature test
7.2.1 Apparatus
The heating or cooling equipment shall have a test zone volume
of at least five times the volume of the test
specimen. If a gas- or oil-fired furnace is used, an oxidizing
atmosphere shall be maintained throughout the test.
per,%
ISO 2919:1999(E)
7.2.2 Procedure
Perform all tests in air.
NOTE
In the low-temperature test an atmosphere of carbon dioxide
("dry ice") is a permitted alternative, with which a
temperature lower than that required will be achieved.
Sealed sources to be subjected to temperatures below ambient
shall be cooled to the test temperature in less than
45 min.
Sealed sources to be subjected to temperatures above ambient
shall be heated to the test temperature within the
maximum time limit specified in table 5.
Table 5 - Temperature-time relationship for tests
at temperatures above ambient
Temperature
Maximum time limit
0
C
min
80
180
10
400
25
600
40
8001)
70
1) Part of this test for class 6 is similar in principle to
the test given
by IAEA [1].
te
For classes 2 and 3, retain sealed sources at the
upper test temperature for at least 1 h and then
allow to cool
slowly to ambient temperature in the furnace or laboratory
atmosphere.
Hydraulic oil should not be used in direct contact with the sealed
source because of the possibility of temporary
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO
b)
10
ISO
c)
d)
ISO 2919:1999(E)
11
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO
100
Key
1
Static force
2
3
5D - Force cylinder
Sealed source
2D - Support cylinders
12
ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
8 Source marking
Whenever physically possible, the capsule and the source assembly
shall be durably and legibly marked with the
following information given in order of priority:
a) the word "radioactive"; where this is not feasible the symbol
for radioactivity (see ISO 361);
b)
c)
serial number;
d)
e)
Marking of the capsule shall be carried out before the sealed source
is tested.
9 Source certificate
The manufacturer shall provide a certificate with every sealed
source or batch of sealed sources.
The certificate shall in every case state:
a)
name of manufacturer;
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
method used, result and date of test for freedom from surface contamination;
g)
method used, result and date of test for freedom from leakage.
10 Quality assurance
A quality assurance programme shall be established according
to ISO 9000 to ISO 9004 or equivalent standards for
the design, manufacture, testing, inspection and documentation
of all sealed sources. Each manufacturer shall have
developed a quality assurance programme appropriate to the sources
being designed and manufactured.
13
ISO 2919:1999(E)
C [so
Annex A
(informative)
Classification of radionuclides according to their radiotoxicity
The following classification is based on ICRP publication 5. In addition,
the nuclides 1251,
been included.
67
Ga,
87
Y and 11
' 1n have
group B1.
90
227Ac
2420m
23 1
2 41
24 3
2 10
Am
24 1
Pu
22 8
Th
Pb
2 42
pu
230
Th
Opo
22 3
Ra
230
U
U
U
243Am
244Cm
21
249Cf
2 45
Cm
238
Pu
226
2 50
Ra
232
Cf
24 6
0m
2 39
pu
2 28
Ra
233
Cf
237
Np
24 0
Pu
227
Th
234U
252
228Ac
36C1 (3)
1251
2 12
Pb
11omAg
56Co(3)
1261
224
Ra
Tb(3)
127mT( 3 )
211At
6000(3)
1311
106
Ru
129 mTe(3)
134Cs
1331(3)
124 Sb(3)
125 Sb(3)
14 0 Ba(3)
207
2 10
Bi(3)
137 Cs(3)
Bi
152 13
11 mln
16 0
2
2
34Th(3)
04T1(3)
12 9 1t(3)
46
Sc(3)
17 0 Tm(3)
154Eu
54
Mn(3)
89
Sr(3)
236U
Ca(3)
18 1
22
Na(3)
90
Sr
91y
115mCd
1241
24 9
45
Bk
144Ce
14
Cm
Pa
y)Eu
Hf(3)
23 0
Pa
182
Ta(3)
95
Zr(3)
Ciso
Ag
64Cu(4)
4K
14 3
Ag
165
Dy(4)
191 t9m
Dy
87
41
Ar
16 6
73
As
19r
14 0
74
As
17
17 7
76
As
1 52 9 2
( , h)Eu
52
M~n
As
15 5
Eu(2)
56
Mn(4)
F(4)
99
Mo
Fe
24
Na
105
mNb
220
Nb
2Rn
77
19 6
19 8
199
Au
18
Au
52
Au
55
Ga
14 9
103
Ru17
22i
1 53
Gd
63
Ni
10 5
Ru48
82r
15 9
Gd
65
Ni(4)
35
Cs(4)
sc
75
Se87
3p
31
1321
2 33
Pa
15 1
1341(4)
2 03
Pb15S93
1351
10 3
Pd
13n
1 75
ll Mfn(4)
10 9
Pd
15n
65
11r
147
pM
85
Sr
69
mZn
194
14 9
pm
91
Sr
97
Zn
p,
96
Tc
1r
111mi
58m~0
l13min
85
Kr
87
1 CS
97
Nb
1 87
71
59
Ni
35
Ge
3H150(3)
1291
19 1MO.
Sm(2)92
Yb
Zn
Ar
mCs
Xe(4)
Si(4)90
14 2
34
0S
W(4)
13S
16S4K
37
12b15
47
18 1
87
Ho
Cr(4)
S(4)
13 5
16 6
CO
T1(4)
91S
Cd
580O
2 01
se
Hg
C,(4)
TI
48
0d(2)
Ce
Th
Ru20T
Np
18 5
mHg
20 3
57
13 1
Rn(4)
2 00
72
38
51
23 1
26i
97
Te(4)
Rh
97
197H9
Te(4)
12 9
8R13T
17d
239
12 7
3
l8R
1lmTe
Ga
11e1301
1 43
Re
Fe
Ca
11 5
Rb
18 3
67
Nd(4)
Tc(4)
l9p mTe
86
95
14C
10 9
La
Lu
Tc(4)
25
Fe
99
Pt(4)
59
Be(4)
47
1 93
Kr
93
23
7
5MKr(4)
97
Pr
l93mpt( 3)
97
mpt
Rb
96
mTC
natural U
99
MTC
13 1mXe
232
Th(2)
3X
natural Th(2)
91 my
10 MRh
2 35
69
17M
23 8
93
Re
Zn
Zr(2)
85Smr
15
ISO 2919:1999(E)
SISO
Annex B
(informative)
Example of certificate for sealed radioactive source
Model number:
Serial number:
Radionuclide:
63034EZ
Radionuclide impurities:
Description:
137
17,8 mm
Overall length:
26,4 mm
Overall diameter:
21,3 mm
Radiation output:
Quantity measured:
Date: 1994-01-12
Date: 1994-01-12
Date: 1994-01-12
Date: 1994-01-12
This certificate and the information contained herein complies
with the requirements of ISO 2919
Approval:
Signature:
Date: ....................................
16
o ISO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
Annex C
(informative)
General information on adverse environmental conditions
C.1 Corrosion evaluation
The most commonly found conditions for causing corrosion
are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
17
ISO 2919:1999(E)
0 ISO
Annex D
(informative)
Additonal tests
D.1
General
D.2
Corrosion tests
D.3
See ISO 11845 [10] or NF M 61-002 [11] or any other relevant standard.
D.5
Fire test
See ISO 834 [7] or NF M 61-002 [11] or any other relevant standard.
18
SO
ISO 2919:1999(E)
Annex E
(informative)
Bibliography
[1] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Safety
Standards Series, Regulations for the Safe Transport of
Radioactive Materials, 1996 Edition, REQUIREMENTS, No.
ST-1.
[2] International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Safety series
No 6, Regulations for the safe transportof radioactive
materials, 1985 edition (as amended 1990) paragraphs 502-504
and 604-613.
[31 ANSI N 433. Safe design and use of self-contained dry
source storage gamma irradiators(categoryI).
[4] ANSI N 43.7.77 Gamma irradiators (category I) safe
design and use of self-contained dry source (R1 989)
(NIST).
[5] ANSI N 43.10 Safe design and use of panoramic,wet
source storagegamma
[6] ANSI N 44.1.73 Integrity and test specificationsfor selected
brachytherapy
[7] ISO 834-1 :2), Fire resistancetests - Elements of
building construction -
irradiators(category IV).
Generalrequirements.
ISO 9227:1990, Corrosion tests in artificialatmospheres Salt spray tests.
[10] ISO 11845:1995, Corrosionof metals and alloys - General
principles for corrosion testing.
[11] NF M 61-002:1984, Sources radioactivesscellees Generaliteset classification.
[9]
19
ISO 2919:1999(E)
ISO
ICS 13.280
Descriptors: nuclear energy, radiation protection,
radiation sources, sealed sources, classification.
tests, thermal tests, impact tests, pressure tests,
specifications, tests, performance
vibration tests, punching tests, bend tests, marking,
designation, certificates of
conformity.
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