Windows

Computer: computer is an electronic and electrical device that

automatically accepts stores, manipulates data and gives the out
put.
Soft ware: It refers to set of computer programs, procedures and
associated documents that describe the programs and how they are
to be used. Working with the programs inside of the computer is
called as software.
Hardware: It refers to components or individual pieces of the
equipment or the physical parts of the computer.
Operating System (O.S): It is an essential component of
computer. It works as a media between the computer (contains 0
& 1s) and the user (General English). It organizes the soft ware
and the hardware to work. It makes easier to use the computer.
Ex: MS-Dos (Disk Operating System), Windows, Linux etc.
Different types of Operating Systems:
Single User Single Tasking OS: Only one user can work and he
can perform only one task at a time on a machine.
Ex: MS-DOS
Single User Multi Tasking OS: Only one user and he can
perform more than one task at a time on the same machine.
Ex: Windows95, 98, 2000, ME, XP etc
Multi User Multi Tasking OS: More than one user and they can
perform more than one task by the all users at a time on different
machines.
Ex: Windows NT, 2000 Server, UNIX, Linux etc.

Windows: Windows is an operating system introducing by Micro

Soft Corporation. It is multi user, multi threading, Graphical User
Interface (GUI) environment that runs on Ms-Dos based
computers. Windows provides a standard interface such as mouse.
Mouse is a pointing device.
Multi Tasking: Number of jobs i.e. two or more different
independent programs run by the same computer.
Multi Processing: Program processing at a time two or more
interconnected computers.
Multi Threading: Number of function can be executed from same
application package.
Difference between DOS and windows
Dos
Windows
1) Dos is 8/16 bit OS
1) windows is 32 bit OS
2) Dos is single user
2) windows is multi user
3) Dos is single threading
3) multi threading
4) Single tasking
4) multi tasking
5) CUI (Character User
5) GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Interface)
Computer Memory Measurements:
8 bits
= 1 byte
1024 bytes = 1 KB (Kilo byte)
1024 KBS = 1 MB (Mega byte)
1024 MBS = 1 GB (Giga byte)
1024 GBS = 1 TB (Tera byte)
GUI: Graphical user interface that allow users to select files,
programs or commands and pointing.

Desk top: It is the area on the screen where you work.

The icon: The pictorial representation of an executable files that
can be run on windows. The user can find the icons in the program
menu. They are small symbols with their application names
written next to it.
My computer: It is used to view the contents of a single folder or
drive. If we want to open this double click on my computer icon
on your desk top. It will display the Local Drives (C, D, E, F with
used space and free space) available in your computer, and also
display the folders available in that drives. There shall be folder
for shared documents and my documents. Double click on a folder
to see the files in that. To get back click on UP tool.
Windows explorer: It displays your files in a hierarchical
structure. The left side of the windows explorer window can
display the list of selected folders or drives. The right side
displays the contents of a select folder. This is especially useful
for copying and moving files. If you want to move or copy any
file select that file and then drag and drop it to the other folder you
want to put it.
Internet Explorer: It is used to find new information about
anything on the website. It makes easier to get more information
from the World Wide Web site. If you are searching for new
information you can browse it from your favorite website.
Network Neighborhood: If the computers are connected to
network you can use Network neighborhood to browse the
network resources. (LAN Local Area Network)
Recycle bin: It is the area that holds discarded items usually files

and folders can store. The discarded items can be restored.

Double click on recycle binright click on the item click on
restore.
If we want delete any item permanently from the recycle bin we
can click on delete option instead of restore.
Its properties:
Right click on recycle bin properties
Global: This option is used to set the drives independently or
individually. In this option the size of the recycle bin can be
maximum percentage.
Note pad: It is an edit to create short text files such as memo or
notes. Text files contain only letters and other characters on the
key board.
It does not contain special characters or formatting
codes are normally used in the ms-word.
Secondary file name or file Extinction name for notepad is .txt
Windows default editor is Notepad
Start programsaccessories note pad
Or
Startrun (type) notepad ok
File menu commands:
1) New: It is used to open a new document (CTRL+N)
2) Open: It is used to open an existing file. (CTRL+O)
3) Save: It saves the data on the active document. (CTRL+S)
4) Save as: It is used to change the data location from one file to

another file. (Copy of the file)

5) Page set up: It is used to set the margins of the active
document before it can print that file.
6) Print: By using this we can print the active document
7) Exit: To exit from the note pad.
Edit menu commands:
1) Undo: It is used to cancel the recently performed action. (Short
cut key: ctrl + z)
2) Cut: It is used to cut the selected text from the active document.
(Short cut key: ctrl + x)
3) Copy: It is used to copy the selected text (short cut key: ctrl +
c)
4) Paste: It inserts the last cut or copied word (short cut key: ctrl
+v)
5) Delete: It permanently delete the selected text from the
document. (Short cut key: Del)
6) Find: It is used to search a specific word in the document
7) Find next: This command can be used for to repeat the last
founded word in the same document.
8) Replace: - it is used to clear the existing word and add a new
word in the same place
9) Select all: To select the all data in a file (Ctrl+a)
10) Date and time: To insert the system date and time. (Short cut
key is F5)
Format Menu
1) Word wrap: This feature by which word automatically moves
the text to next line when it reaches the screen is known as word
wrap.
In order to enable the word wrap just select
the command from edit word wrap (tick mark) appears and to
disable this the same in (tick mark disappear)
2) Set font: To select the different types of fonts, styles and sizes

for the text.

Paint:
Paint is a drawing tool you can use to create simple or elaborate
drawings. These drawings can be either black-and-white or color,
and can be saved as bitmap files. You can print your drawing, use
it for your desktop background, or paste it into another document.
You can even use Paint to view and edit scanned photos.
This application contains a tool box and color box on the left and
bottom of the paint board.
Start programsaccessories paint
Or
Startrun (type paint or pbrush) ok
Secondary file name or file Extinction format for paint (Bitmap
Image) is .BMP
Tool Box Options:1) Free-form Tool:- to select the free form of picture in an
irregular manner for editing
2) Select Tool:- to select the portion of picture in a regular
manner to move, copy and cut
3) Eraser Tool:- to erase the object in the color of foreground
4) Fill with color Tool:- used to fill the selected color of an
object, which has boundary
5) Pick Tool:- pick any color from your figure the new fore
color will be the picked up color
6) Magnifier Tool:- used to magnify your object, select the
magnify size from bottom of the tool box

7) Brush Tool:- draws using a brush with selected shapes and

sizes
8) Air Brush Tool:- draws using an air brush with selected
shapes and sizes
9) Text Tool: - used to insert text. You can select font properties
like size, style and effects from the view menu text tool
bar
10) Line Tool:- draws a line with selected color and line width
11) Curve Line Tool:- draws a curve with selected color and
line width
12) Rectangle Tool:- draws a rectangle with selected fill color
and style
13) Polygon Tool:- draws a polygon with selected fill color
and style
14) Ellipse Tool:- draws a ellipse with selected fill color and
style
15) Rounded Rectangle :- draws a rounded rectangle with
selected fill color and style
File menu commands:
New: To create a new file
Open: We can open any existing files
Save: We can save our drawing file
Save as: We can save a file as a new file (copy of a file)
Print preview: To see the drawing how it will look before we can
take print out copy
Page setup: We can set the margins for our drawing by using this
command
Set as wall paper: This command can set our drawing of paint as
a wall paper. In the center of the screen if it is a small picture we
can place it number of times by using tiled option.
Exit: To exit from the paint window
Edit menu commands:

Repeat: - Repeat your last command or action, if possible. The

Repeat command changes to Can't Repeat if you cannot repeat the
last action.
Copy to: To send the selected object into a new file or any other
existing file
Paste from: To insert the data from other files in to our file
--------- * --------Printer: It is an output device used to get hard copy from the
system. To get the printouts of any information from the system,
gives the required information of files and also for the printer.
Before going to print a file mention the printer name and paper
properties other wise it selects the default printer.
To install a printer
Start settings printer and faxes click on the
add printer next local printer next next next select
the name of the manufactures from the left side and printers name
from the right side next set yes/no for default printer
nextset yes/no for print out samplenext finish
Search: search tool is used to find any kind of files or folders in
the directories or sub directories. Some options are like date and
size is used to find particular type of files based on them.
Start search for files and folders all files and folders
Type the extinction or file name in the box
(Ex:- *.jpg-images, *.txt-notepad, *.doc word, *.xls excel,
*.ppt PowerPoint *.bmp - paint )provided and selects the
location box to search and finally click on search button on the
right side.
To find the folder according to the date they are
created, select the when was it modified

Represents all the files given between two dates.

Based on size: - what size it is select a size for find the files
Task bar: The rectangular bar runs horizontally across the bottom
of the screen is called task bar. It includes start button, current
time and the user is working the items are listed on the task bar.
The item shows you the names of windows currently open the
desk top. The user can easily switch to different windows by
clicking on its task bar button.
Hiding the task bar: Right click on the empty area of the task
bar. It will display the task bar properties then select task bar
options and put a tick mark on the auto hide option then click ok.
Settings used in task bar:
1. Show small icons in start menu
2. show clock
3. auto hide
Adding commands to start menu:
Right click on task bar properties select start menu option
add browse select my computer C drive windows
notepad ok next click on start menu next finish
Remove commands to start menu:Right click on task barproperties select the start menu
optionclick on removeselect the notepadremoveyes

CONTROL PANEL:
It is used to the settings for the system such as number format
in case of numbers, settings related to characters, date and time,
mouse settings, appearance of windows etc .

The main options available are:

1. Date and time
2. Display
3. Mouse
4. Regional settings
Date and time: This window is used to set current date and
system time. The time is shown on the task bar
Startsettings control paneldouble click on date and time
Or
Double click on the task bar time
Display: Displays about the back ground settings of the
monitor and its display functions. Back ground is used for
the appearance of desk top area and screen saver used to
save the screen when the system is free. Appearance sets the
style for the windows and its text properties and its display
properties.
Mouse: Mouse is the pointing device. It is used to paint
the objects. By using mouse we can do any operation
easily like saving files, creating a folder, printing the
file, placing the cursor in the desired location etc. In
mouse button options is used for the left handed and the
right handed properties.
In pointers tab is used for the different
shapes of the pointers used the mouse in different
situations and the motion tab is used to control the motion
and speed of the mouse pointer.
Regional settings: A regional setting is an important

tool that any changes made here will affect in all the
applications. The changes can be made on numbers,
currency, area, symbols, date and time etc. for date it has
long form and short form, for currency the format will
be different in different locations.

To create a file or folder:

Right click on the desktopnewfile or foldergive the
namepress enter
To Store the files into folder:Click Start buttonprogramsaccessoriesNotepad or paint
go to file menunew. Enter the information into the file and
select file menusavesave indesktopselect folder
nameopen enter the file namesave close notepad or paint
To rename the file or folder
Right click on the file or folderrenamegive the another name
press enter
To delete the file or folder
Right click on the file or folderdeleteyesok.
To cut, copy or paste the file or folder
Right click on the file or foldercut or copy go to another
location paste.
Schedule task:- This schedule task is used to set a scheduling.
Start programsaccessories system tools schedule

taskadd schedule task then double click on that icon then

select any application to perform the task nextselect the date
and time to perform that task nextfinish
Scan disk: - This is used to find any errors in the drive or if any
file created with errors this scan disk can find that error files and
folders in specific drive we select.
Start programs accessories system tools scan disk
select any drive to check errors select standard then click on
start it will return if any file created with errors or other wise it
will return the total Space of drive and allocation units for files
and folders, space used for hidden files, user files and also return
empty space in that drive close.
Address book: This address book is used to store the address of
any body in a specific folder of your own.
Start programs accessories address bookfirst select new
folder to type your namethen select new contact to add your
friend address in your folderthen next fill the necessary
requirements in that filed then click ok.
WORD PAD
With WordPad, you can create and edit simple text documents or
documents with complex formatting and graphics. You can link or
embed information from other documents into a WordPad
document.
You can save your WordPad file as a text file, rich text file, text
file for MS-DOS, or Unicode. These formats provide greater
flexibility when working with other programs. Documents that use

multiple languages should be saved as rich text files

Start programsaccessories word pad

Or
Startrun (type the word pad) ok
File menu commands:
New: To create a new file (Ctrl+N)
Open: We can open any existing files (Ctrl+O)
Save: We can save our document file (Ctrl+S)
Save as: We can save a file as a new file (copy of a file)
Print preview: To see the document how it will look before we
can take print out copy
Page setup: We can set the margins (left, right, top, and bottom)
for our document by using this command.
Print: - We can print the entire document by selecting the number
of pages or pages from one number to another and select the
number of copies. (Ctrl+p)
My documents: - The last 4 documents which were done by the
users can be view on the file menu.
Exit: - We can close the word pad application. (Alt+F4)

Edit menu commands:

1) Undo: It is used to cancel the recently performed action. (Short
cut key: ctrl + z)
2) Cut: It is used to cut the selected text from the active document.
(Short cut key: ctrl + x)
3) Copy: It is used to copy the selected text
(Short cut key: ctrl + c)
4) Paste: It inserts the last cut or copied word

(Short cut key: ctrl +v)

5) Delete: It permanently delete the selected text from the
document. (Short cut key: Del)
6) Select all: To select the all data in a file (Ctrl+a)
Find: It is used to search a specific word in the document
Find next: This command can be used for to repeat the last
founded word in the same document.
Insert Menu:Object: - We can create an object from the different
programs by selecting and we can do the different tasks
In the selected program and inserts an object into the current
document. We can display the object as icon.
Date and Time: - We can insert the present date and time of
the system from the selected style.
View Menu:We can hide or unhide the tool bars like standard
and formatting, ruler and the options to set the word wrap
command based on the type of document.
FORMAT MENU: To create the bullet Style:1. On the Format menu, click Bullet Style, and then type your
text. When you press ENTER, another bullet appears on the
next line.
2. To end the bulleted list, on the Format menu, click Bullet
Style again.

To change the Font style of the selected text:1. Select the text that you want to change.
2. On the Format menu, click Font.
3. Click the options you want.

To indent the paragraph of the current document:1. Click anywhere in the paragraph you want to format.
2. On the Format menu, click Paragraph.
3. Under Indentation, type a measurement for left, right, first
line and set the alignments(left, center, right) of how far to
indent the paragraph.
Set the tab points for the document:1. Select the paragraphs for which you want to set tab stops.
2. On the Format menu, click Tabs.
3. In the Tabs dialog box, do the following:
o

To set a tab stop, type the measurement for a new tab

stop in Tab stop position, and then click Set.
To delete a tab stop, click it in the list, and then click
Clear.
To delete all tab stops in the selected paragraph, click
Clear All.