SECTION 05120

STRUCTURAL STEEL
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1

SUMMARY
A. Section Includes:
1. Structural steel framing shown or noted on Structural Drawings and work noted
Structural Steel (SS) on Architectural Drawings. Refer to Architectural Drawings for
details and dimensions of items shown on Structural Drawings that are not so detailed or
dimensioned.
2. Structure design is based on shown steel sections. Intent of Contract Documents is that
designated shapes, thickness, arrangements and grades of material be provided.
a. If for any reason sections shown are not readily available, substitute sections may be
proposed for use. Registered Design Professionals shall approve Substitutions before
submission of shop drawings.
b. Coordinate fit of proposed substitution with Architectural details and structural
capacity.
c. Incorporate approved substitute members in structures at no additional cost to
Owner.
B.

Related Work Specified Under Other Sections

1. Concrete bearing surfaces, setting of Anchor Rods in concrete - Division 3.
2. Setting of Anchor Rods in masonry and grout pads at masonry wall bearing locations Division 4.
3. Metal Roof Deck - Section 05310.
4. Metal Floor Deck - Section 05321.
5. Grout - Section 03600.
6. Miscellaneous metal work, consisting of steel framing shown on Architectural Drawings
that is not noted Structural Steel or with notations of similar intent, and of
miscellaneous iron work - Section 05500.
7. Fasteners for anchorage of wood nailers - Division 6.
8. Alteration work related to existing construction for installation of structural steel,
including removal of materials other than structural framing to provide access to area of
work and to permit installation of new steel work.

C.

Products Furnished But Not Installed Under This Section

1. Anchor Rods for columns.
2. Anchor Rods for beams supported on concrete or masonry construction.

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1.2

REFERENCES
A. AISC References
1. AISC Manual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design, Ninth Edition,
including:
a. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - Allowable Stress Design and Plastic
Design, June 1, 1989.
b. Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, March 7, 2000 except
as indicated otherwise in Contract Documents.
c. Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts, approved
by Research Council on Structural Connections, June 23, 2000, and endorsed by
AISC.
2. AISC Manual of Steel Construction Volume II Connections - ASD 9th Edition/LRFD
1st Edition, 1993.
3. AISC Hollow Structural Sections Connection Manual, 1st Edition, 1997.
4. AISC Engineering for Steel Construction, 1984, except where superseded by
provisions of the AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, RCSC
Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts and AWS
Structural Welding Code.
5. AISC Detailing for Steel Construction, 2002.
B.

1.3

Other References
1. ANSI/AWS Structural Welding Code, D1.1.
2. SSPC Steel Structures Painting Manual, Volume 2, Third Edition.
3. Crane Manufacturers Association of America Inc. (CMAA), Specification #70, revised
1994.

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A. Design Requirements
1. Design connections and fabricate work per Reference Standards, except where
specifically amended in this Section or superseded by local or State building code
requirements.
2. Provide high strength bolted, slip critical or bearing type connections as shown. Bolt
design values for bearing type connections shall assume threads in shear planes. Fully
pre-tension bolts in bearing type connections. Do not use bolted and welded connections
in combination. Make connections of main members per referenced AISC Standards. Use
minimum of two bolts for bolted connections. Where type of connections are not shown
or designated:
3. Future Expansion
a. In areas noted for future expansion or extension, fabricate steel framing to permit
connection of future steel framing. Provide similar holes and connections for future
framing as provided for typical steel framing. Provide bolted connections for
members removed in the future.

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1.4

SUBMITTALS
A. Furnish submittals for items that are identified in this Section by different typeface and a
bracketed code (e.g., Item [L]). Refer to Section 01340 for definition of codes, types of
submittals and administrative requirements governing submittal procedure. Additional
submittal requirements about this Section are specified under this Article.
B.

Shop drawings shall be submitted with completed shop drawing transmittal sheet attached at
end of this Section.

C.

Shop drawings [D]: Show items to be provided per AISCs Structural Steel Detailing Manual.
Shop drawings not checked by Contractor will be returned marked Not Approved.

D. Submit Structural Steel Shapes and Plates mill test reports to substantiate that steel conforms
to specification. Organize and summarize documentation.
E.

Show complete details for cutting, fabricating and connecting of pieces, on shop drawings.
Provide separate drawings for erection. Indicate marks for pieces on shop and erection
drawings. Use marking system compatible with, and referenced to, marking system noted on
Contract Drawings.

F.

Indicate welding by using AWS symbols, showing type, size and location of welds. Prepare
welding procedure specifications and diagrams for each weld joint, and use specified weld in
work. Assign each joint procedure designation number or code. Show number or code in tail
of each welding symbol on shop drawings. Where standard weld type is repeated throughout
work, its procedure designation or code may be shown by general note or reference on each
shop drawing where that weld type appears. Provide auxiliary views of welds to clarify
welded connections.

G. Differentiate between shop connections and field connections by appropriate symbols on shop
drawings. Show location, type and size of connections and connection components. Indicate
members or portion of members that shall not be shop painted.
1. Submit weld design and procedures for welds not pre-qualified by ANSI/AWS D1.1-96.
H. Submit separate setting plans and shop drawings for Anchor Rods. Show, on shop drawings,
complete information about bolts, nuts and accessories, identification marking, and setting
instructions, including dimensioned locations and elevations. Furnish two copies of Registered
Design Professional approved shop drawings, to installer of bolts.
I.

Welder Qualifications [Q]: Submit summary sheets showing welder, welding operator and
tacker qualifications and welding connection workmanship per ANSI/AWS D1.1-96. Do not
submit individual certifications. Certifications shall be kept at manufacturers plant for
Inspectors use.

J.

Method of Repair [D]: Submit drawings and description for proposed repair of defective
material or improper workmanship as an alternate to removal and replacement. Include
method of repair.

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K. TESTING AGENCY SUBMITTALS

L.

Tests and Audits [T]: Submit reports on completed tests and audits showing conformance or
non-conformance with Contract Documents. Include visual and non-destructive testing of
welds. Testing Agency shall send duplicate copies of tests and audits to Registered Design
Professional and to Contractor.

M. Record Documents
1. As-Built Drawings [D]: Upon completion of erection of steel, and before Final Payment,
furnish two certified rolls of 35 MM microfilm (unpunched, negative) of as-built
structural steel shop, erection, and anchor bolt setting drawings to Registered Design
Professional. Drawings used for microfilming shall be void of marks and stamps and
shall show as-built conditions.
2. Refer to Section 01720 for additional requirements.
1.5

QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Defective Material or Improper Workmanship
1. Defective material or improper workmanship found at mill, shop, or project site, at any
time, will be rejected regardless of previous inspections.
a. Remove rejected material or work and provide new materials or work that conforms
to Contract Documents.
b. Alternatively, rejected material or work may be repaired. Submit written request as
specified under Article Submittals, but do not proceed until Registered Design
Professional has approved repair and method. If submittal is not approved by
Registered Design Professional, remove and rejected material or work and provide
new materials.
2. Provide removal and replacement, or repair, at no additional cost to Owner, and pay costs
attributable to delay caused by rejection and corrective action.
B.

Welder, Welding Operator And Tack Welder Qualifications

1. Employ on this project only welders, welding operators and tack welders who have been
tested and qualified per Section 4, ANSI/AWS-D1.1-96 and other applicable provisions
of ANSI/AWS-D1.1-96.
2. Requalify welder, welding operator, or tack welder who has not been performing this
particular welding process (for which he was qualified) for six months before
employment on this project.
3. Registered Design Professional reserves may require retesting and requalifying of
welder, welding operator, or tack welder.

C.

Testing Agency
1. Contractorr will engage and pay for services of qualified, unbiased, commercial Testing
Agency to do shop inspections. Owner intends that inspection will be full-time and at
each location of fabrication.
2. Testing Agency duties shall include preliminary audit of fabrication shop and equipment
to evaluate production and scheduling capabilities of Contractor to comply with intent of
Contract Documents, spot audits of work during fabrication, final audit of work before
shipment to site, and determination that materials have been furnished and fabricated per

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3.

4.

5.

Contract Documents requirements . Acceptance of material and work by Testing Agency

shall not relieve Contractor from fulfilling requirements of Contract.
Welds shall be visually inspected by Testing Agency. Acceptance of welds shall be based
on Section 5 and 6 of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96 and other parts of AWS D1.1 as specified.
Inspector shall identify accepted welds with distinguishing mark.
Besides visual inspection, non-destructive testing of welds shall be done by Testing
Agency per Section 6 of ANSI/AWS-D1.1-96 for compliance with Contract Documents
and ANSI/AWS-D1.1-96. Personnel performing non-destructive testing shall be qualified
as Level II per American Society for Non-Destructive Testing. Test 10 percent of nonfillet welds. Test additional welds or re-test repaired welds selected by Registered Design
Professional. Depending upon kind of rejected welds encountered during Testing, use one
or more of the following methods:
a. Liquid Penetrant Testing per ASTM E 165 for detecting discontinuities that are open
to surface inspection. Standards of acceptance shall be in accordance with Section 6
Part C, of AWS D1.1, whichever is applicable.
b. Magnetic Particle Testing per ASTM E 709, using an external source for
magnetization method, for detecting cracks and other discontinuities at or near
surface. Standards of acceptance shall be in accordance with Section 6 Part C, of
AWS D1.1, whichever is applicable.
c. Radiographic Testing per Part E of Section 6 of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96 for detecting
porosity and other discontinuities by X-ray or gamma-ray testing. Acceptance per
applicable parts of Article 6.12 OF ANSI/AWS D1.1-96.
d. Ultrasonic Testing per Part F of Section 6 of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96 for detecting
lamellar discontinuities by pulse echo type using oscillating transducers. Acceptance
per Article 6.13 of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96.
To assist Testing Agency, provide the following, at no extra cost:
a. Labor and handling equipment to manipulate members and to provide ready and
convenient access for testing and audit work.
b. One copy each of mill orders, mill test certificates, paint invoices and accepted shop
drawings.
c. Office space for Testing Agencys administrative duties and free and ready access to
fabricating shop.

D. Project Meeting for Structural Steel Detailing

1. At least 7 days before beginning shop drawings, hold meeting in Registered Design
Professionals office to discuss detailing procedures.
2. Invite representatives concerned with structural steel detailing. Attendees shall include,
but not be limited to, the following:
a. Contractors superintendent
b. Structural steel fabricator
c. Structural steel detailer
d. Registered Design Professional
e. Owner
3. Registered Design Professional shall distribute an agenda in advance, chair meetings, and
provide minutes of meeting to attendees and Owner.
E.

Steel Fabricator shall be certified in Category I per AISC Qualification Certification

Program.

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F.

1.6

At least 14 days before meeting submit proposed connections, procedures, calculations, and
alternatives to Registered Design Professional for review.

DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Block and tie material securely during transportation to prevent damage.
B.

Ship small, loose items required for field connections in separate, substantial containers to
prevent loss and damage during shipping. Items include clips, ties, lugs, separators, bolts,
connectors, shims, and miscellaneous pieces. Identify items for location and use.
1. Ship Anchor Rods and other bolts and connectors to be embedded in concrete or set in
masonry per concrete and masonry construction schedules.
2. Ship bolts and connectors with each shipment of steel members as needed for erection.

C.

Store steel members at site in locations agreed upon with Registered Design Professional.

D. Store on shores or blocking to keep steel free from dirt, mud and other foreign materials.
E.

Clean steel to remove contaminants, before erection.

F.

Replace warped or bent members that cannot be properly and satisfactorily straightened by
approved procedures, with new members at no extra cost to Owner.

G. Properly store and transport galvanized steel per American Galvanizers Associations
recommended procedures to prevent wet storage stain.
1.7

PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Existing Conditions
1. Verify location and elevation of steel bearing or setting locations and Anchor Rods
before proceeding with erection and in time to permit necessary corrections without
delaying erection of steel. Immediately report to Registered Design Professional
discrepancies found; otherwise, pay entire cost of removing and resetting incorrectly
placed Anchor Rods and cost of repairing or replacing construction damaged during
relocation of incorrectly placed Anchor Rods and plates. Alternatively, where approved
by Registered Design Professional, pay cost of changes in steel work required to fit
incorrectly placed Anchor Rods. If repair or replacing of concrete construction is
permitted, perform work by methods acceptable to Registered Design Professional.
2. Verify existing conditions including existing column spacing, heights, and interference of
new and existing work. Check given dimensions, and make measurements necessary to
fit new Work or alterations to existing structure. Check sections and connections of
existing structure with respect to new Work or alterations. If actual conditions deviate
from those shown, immediately advise Owners Resident Construction Engineer. Submit
necessary changes for approval before proceeding with steel fabrication.
3. Where existing columns are out of plumb, make necessary provisions in new Work to
take care of actual conditions. Use connections with slotted holes, shims, or fills, seated
connections, or other suitable means approved by Registered Design Professional to
accommodate deviations between assumed and actual conditions. Provide welded

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B.

Protection
1. Assume full responsibility for correct plumbing, alignment, and setting of structural steel
members. Provide temporary guys, braces, falsework, connections, etc., necessary to
maintain structural framing plumb and in proper alignment until time as permanent
connections are made, succeeding work is in place, and temporary work is no longer
necessary. In addition, provide temporary bracing, shoring and other work to prevent
damage to adjacent work or construction attributable to erection procedures and operation
of erection equipment. At completion, remove and dispose of temporary work and
facilities, off-site.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1

MATERIALS
A. Structural Steel Shapes and Plates: Submit mill test reports to substantiate that steel conforms
to specification.
1. Wide flanges and structural tees, provide per ASTM A 992, rolled from new steel billets,
unless otherwise noted on the Drawings
2. All other shapes and plates, provide per ASTM A 36, rolled from new steel billets, unless
otherwise noted on the Drawings.
B.

Bolts and Accessories: Submit test reports and certificates. Furnish bolts and nuts as
assemblies manufactured by one source.
1. High-Strength Bolts: Heavy hex structural per ASTM A 325, of lengths required for
thickness of members joined and for the type of connection.
a. Type 1 or 2, plain bolt.
b. Bolts for Slip Joints and Vertically Slotted Connections: Unthreaded length of bolt
shall exceed the grip of the joint plus washers by 1/16 inch.
c. Manufacturers: Any manufacturer fabricating bolts and matching nuts per ASTM A
325 and with proper identification on bolt.
d. Direct Tension Indicator Bolt Manufacturers: Fabricated per ASTM A 325 and with
proper identification on bolt:
1) LeJeune Bolt Company
2) Lohr Structural Fasteners Inc.
3) NSS Industries
2. Nuts for High-Strength Bolts: Heavy hexagon per ASTM A 563.
a. For type 1 or 2 plain bolt - Grade C, plain nut.
b. For slip joint bolting - Standard nut plus jam nut or locking nut.
3. Washers for High-Strength Bolts: Hardened steel per ASTM F 436.
a. For type 1 or 2 plain bolt - Finished washer, plain.
4. Anchor Rods: ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, with weldability supplement S1, threaded and
nutted at top and bottom with ASTM F 436, Type 1, hardened carbon steel washers.

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5.
6.

7.
C.

Nuts for Anchor Rods: Per ASTM A 563, Grade A, heavy hexagonal carbon steel nuts.
Common Bolts: Unfinished bolts per ASTM A 307, Grade A, with hexagon heads.
Furnish of lengths required to suit thickness of materials joined, but to project not more
than inch beyond nut.
Nuts for Common Bolts: Grade A, hexagon, per ASTM A 563.

Structural Steel Primer Paint: A white, flat finish, lead and chromate free, rust inhibitive alkyd
primer meeting or exceeding the performance requirements of SSPC-Paint 25.
1. Tnemec 99W White
2. Sherwin Williams Universal Metal Primer B50WW8
3. PPG/Pittsburgh Paints 2.8 VOC Alkyd Primer UC87019
4. International Coatings, Inc. Interlac 260FD

D. Mono-Rail Bumpers and Mounting Brackets [P]: Furnish and install per Drawings and
manufacturers recommended procedures. Submit manufacturers information specific to this
project. Bumpers and mounting brackets shall be sufficient to resist bumper lateral loads from
cranes of capacity equal to that indicated on the Drawings.
1. Gantrex Crane Runway Products.
2.2

COMPONENTS
A. Steel Structural Tubing: Hollow structural square or rectangular shapes, cold-formed per
ASTM A 500 Grade B except where higher strength is noted or specified on Drawings.
B.

Steel Pipe: Hollow structural round shapes per ASTM A 53, Type S, Grade B or cold-formed
per ASTM A 500, Grade B except where higher strength is noted or shown on Drawings.

C.

Columns:
1. Furnish columns in single lengths, without splices, except where multiple lengths are
shown. Fabricate columns straight and true for full length per referenced AISC
Specifications.
2. Fabricate columns with base and cap plates. Cut and finish column ends square at base
plates, cap plates, and splices. Provide slotted holes for connections at top of wind
columns to permit deflection of framing member above.
3. Fabricate base and cap plates from rolled steel plates. Press, flatten, or mill plates to
obtain proper bearing per AISC requirements. Weld plates to columns at both web and
flanges of column. Provide anchor bolt holes and grout holes in plates, oversized per
AISC recommendations, to permit slight adjustment in column location.

D. Girders, Beams and Purlins

1. Fabricate with natural camber up. Natural camber shall not exceed 1/8-inch for every 10
feet of span.
2. Provide double angle connections for beams and girders to develop not less than:
a. 50 percent of total allowable uniform load for non-composite members.
b. 75 percent of total allowable uniform load for composite members.
c. Loads shown on Drawings.
3. Connections need not exceed 100 percent of allowable web shear of member.

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E.

Door and Other Frames

1. Assemble and fabricate from structural shapes specially selected for straightness, trueness
and freedom from warp, twist and defects. Fabricate frames in true rectangular shape to
dimensions noted and per AISC Code of Standard Practice - Section 10. Cope and weld
joints. Grind exposed welds smooth and flush with adjacent surfaces.
2. Install bar stops on pedestrian door frames by plug welding. Where noted to be
removable, install bar stops with flat head screws, countersunk flush and spaced not more
than 24-inches on center.
3. Provide concealed clip angles and two expansion bolts for connecting bottom of frames
to concrete slabs and foundations. Provide concealed steel strap anchors, not less than
1/8- inch thick, 1-1/2 inch wide, and 10-inches long for securing frame verticals to
adjacent masonry or cast-in-place concrete. Weld strap anchors to frame to coincide with
horizontal jointing at masonry and space not more than 24-inches on center.

F.

Miscellaneous Framing
1. Provide bracing, wall framing, parapet framing, opening framing and other miscellaneous
framing shown and noted to be structural steel, with either holes or other connection
work or both.
2. Verify framing, supports, and openings for roof mounted mechanical and electrical
equipment with approved certified manufacturer equipment drawings for correct
dimensions, sizes, and locations.
3. Fabricate bracing so as to provide draw for alignment of framing. Fabricate connections
at both ends of bracing members to develop not less than 100 percent of full strength of
member.

G. Mono-Rails [P]:
1. Steel sections of sizes shown, selected for trueness of web and flange, prepared for tight
joints and complete with removable end stops, bolts, splices, clamps, plates, shims, and
fillers, as detailed or required for complete installation.
2. Protective Coating:
a. Carboline Company Carbomastic 15 Low Odor.
2.3

ACCESSORIES
A. Welded Studs: Per Section 7 of ANSI/AWS D1.1-96 for Stud Welding; of length and shank
diameter noted.
1. Shear Studs: Shear connector type.
2. Headed Studs: Headed studs for concrete anchorage.
3. Threaded Studs: Threaded studs complete with nut and washer.
4. Manufacturers:
a. Champion Fasteners
b. 1SC Inventory Sales Company
c. TRW Nelson Division
d. TFP Corporation Tru-Weld Type CA.

2.4

FABRICATION
A. Furnish and fabricate per the design and details shown and per approved shop drawings.

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1.
2.
3.

Fabricate shop connections for welding or high-strength bolting.

Fabricate field connections for high-strength bolting.
Fabricate field connections that cannot be bolted for welding.

B.

Provide holes for bolted connections during shop fabrication. Do not burn or torch-cut holes.
Drill, do not punch, holes in material 7/8-inch thick or greater.

C.

Provide holes, 1/16 inch-diameter larger than bolt diameters for connection of wood nailers.
Locate and space holes as noted; otherwise space holes 24-inches on center.

D. Fabricate items built or anchored into adjacent concrete or masonry construction with
anchorage devices, bolts, anchors and clips.
E.

Provide clips, ties, lugs, separators, bolts, fittings, shims, fillers, connectors, weld electrodes,
and miscellaneous items required for fabrication and erection of field-connected materials.

F.

Furnish members of proper length and assemble without excessive use of fillers. Join and
assemble members without sharp projections, serrated edges, sharp edges, or sharp corners at
joints. Cope, block, miter, and grind edges with care. Furnish members free from twists,
bends, distortions and open joints. Mark pieces with same identifying number or symbol as
used to identify pieces on shop drawings.

G. Welding
1. Perform welding with specified electrodes and qualified welders, welding operators, and
tack welders per specified Reference Standards. Provide necessary jigs and holding
devices for shop welding. Dog or clamp down work to prevent distortion during welding.
Control welding sequence to minimize residual stresses and member distortion.
2. Where possible design weld details and procedures to permit welding in flat and
horizontal position using ANSI/AWS prequalified welds. Avoid undercut, insufficient
throat or leg, lack of fusion, and weld spatter. Repair defective welds immediately or
remove and install new welds conforming with Specifications, at no extra cost to Owner.
Qualify non-prequalified welds per ANSI/AWS D1.1-96.
3. Place SMAW fillet welds larger than 5/16-inch in not less than two passes. Remove
slag coating before starting succeeding pass. Weld lengths shall be net effective lengths.
Add approximately -inch to theoretical length of intermittent welds to allow for craters.
Fill craters.
4. Conform to minimum thickness, preheat, and interpass requirements. Minimum weld size
shall be based on material thickness and shall not be reduced by preheating.
5. For welds exposed to weather, make continuous welds so as to be weather tight and grind
smooth.
6. Welding Electrodes:
a. Shielded Metal Arc Welding: E70 series electrodes per ANSI/AWS A5.1 or A5.5.
b. Submerged Arc Welding: Flux and F7 series electrodes per ANSI/AWS A5.17 or
A5.23.
c. Gas Metal Arc Welding: Solid ER07 series electrodes per ANSI/AWS A5.18.
d. Flux Cored Arc Welding: E7 series electrodes per ANSI/AWS A5.20.
7. Install welded studs under conditions conducive to formation of sound welds. Do not
weld when steel is less than 20 degrees Fahrenheit or when steel surface is wet or

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exposed to rain or snow. Preheat steel surfaces, where necessary, to 100 degrees
Fahrenheit minimum.
H. Welded Studs
1. Surfaces to receive welded studs shall be free from dirt, loose rust, oil, excessive mill
scale, paint, and materials or contaminants that would cause defective weld. Use wire
brushing, sand blasting, grinding or other suitable cleaning methods.
2. Shear Studs: Furnish and install shear studs on steel members, of sizes and in locations
shown. Install shear studs per Section 7 of ANSI/AWS D1-1-96 using an electric stud
welding system and equipment recommended by stud manufacturer, modified as follows:
a. To provide minimum 2000 amperes power for welding.
b. To permit only one stud gun to operate at one time from power source.
c. To allow power source to regain full power between welds.
d. To time each welding cycle automatically.
3. Headed Studs: Furnish and install headed studs on steel members for anchorage to
concrete. Unless otherwise noted, space headed studs at not more than 12-inches on
center.
4. Threaded Studs:
a. Furnish and install threaded studs on steel members in locations shown. Unless
otherwise noted, space threaded studs at not more than 24-inches on center.
2.5

FINISHES
A. Surfaces not to be shop painted include:
1. Contact surfaces at slip critical connections.
2. Surfaces to receive adhered application of fireproofing.
3. Surfaces at field welds and field-welded studs to 2-inches beyond weld areas.
4. Top flanges of beams that shall receive welded studs for composite construction.
5. Crane rails.
6. Steel members to be galvanized.
7. Steel surfaces in contact with concrete or steel members embedded in concrete.
B.

Surfaces to be shop painted include:

1. All surfaces except as defined under Surfaces not to be shop painted.
2. Surfaces inaccessible after shop assembly.
3. Surfaces at bearing-type connections.

C.

Surfaces to be painted after connections are made include:

1. Surfaces at slip critical connections.
2. Surfaces at welded connections.

D. Preparation, Cleaning
1. Except as otherwise specified in later paragraphs, clean steel to be shop-painted by power
tool cleaning per SSPC-SP3 or brush-off blast cleaning per SSPC-SP7. Standard for
surface preparation to be achieved by cleaning shall be B, C, D St 3, or B, C, D Sa 1, per
SSPC-Vis1-67T.
2. For field-contact surfaces, clean surfaces per Paragraph 1 above.
3. Clean remaining steel per SSPC-SP3 or SSPC-SP7.

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4.

Definition of cleaning and its visual aspects are as follows:

Specification and Subject

Photo
SSPS-Vis 1

SSPC-SP3

Power Tool Cleaning

B,C,D St 3

SSPC-SP7

Brush-Off Blast Cleaning

B,C,D Sa 1

Purpose

Removal of loose rust, loose mill

scale, and loose paint to degree
specified, by power tool chipping,
descaling sanding, wire brushing and
grinding.
Removal of loose rust, loose mill
scale, and loose paint to degree
specified by brush-off blast cleaning.
Tightly adhered mill scale, rust and
paint may remain on surface.

E.

Shop Priming
1. Apply one coat of priming paint, unless otherwise specified or noted on Drawings.
2. Surfaces to be shop painted include:
a. All surfaces except as defined under Surfaces not to be shop painted.
b. Surfaces inaccessible after shop assembly.
c. Surfaces at bearing-type connections.
3. Surfaces to be painted after connections are made include:
a. Surfaces at slip critical connections.
b. Surfaces at welded connections.
4. Surfaces not to be shop painted include:
a. Contact surfaces at slip critical connections.
b. Surfaces at field welds and field-welded studs to 2 inches beyond such weld areas.
c. Top flanges of beams that will receive welded studs for composite construction.
d. Crane rails.
e. Steel members to be galvanized.
f. Steel surfaces in contact with concrete or steel members embedded in concrete.
5. Apply paint to clean, dry surfaces by brush, spray, or roller. Do not use dipping process.
6. Apply paint coating evenly and uniformly, without skips or runs, to produce dry paint
film thickness of not less than 2.0 mils.
7. Allow paint to dry before handling or loading steel work for shipment. Apply erection
marks on members after painting in same location and of same design as shown on
approved erection drawings.

F.

Galvanizing
1. Galvanize members exposed to weather when in final location, unless otherwise noted,
and members specifically noted on Drawings as galvanized.
a. Galvanized rolled, pressed and forged steel shapes, plates, bars and strips per ASTM
A 123 with an average weight of zinc coating of 2.0 ounces per square foot of actual
surface for members less than -inch thick, and 2.3 ounces per square foot of actual
surface for members -inch and thicker.
b. Galvanized iron and steel hardware per ASTM A 153 with minimum weight of zinc
coating, in ounces per square foot of surface per TABLE 1 of ASTM A 153, for
various classes of materials used on project.

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2.

3.
4.

Apply galvanizing after built-up members are completely fabricated. Straighten shapes
and assemblies true to line and plane after galvanizing. Repair damage to galvanized
surfaces with galvanized touch-up paint.
Remove excess zinc from bolt holes and shop fit specified bolts in holes.
Follow proper detailing and fabrication procedures per ASTM A 143, A 384 and A 385
to provide optimum hot dip galvanizing.

PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1

ERECTION
A. Erect and install members accurately to lines and elevations shown. Unless otherwise noted,
erect vertical members plumb, horizontal members level, and intersections of members at right
angles. Make connections after members have been plumbed, leveled, and aligned properly.
1. Erect girts in unbroken level lines, with -inch to 1 inch open space between ends of
aligned members where members are protected from weather and without open space
where exposed to weather. Install sag rods in locations noted. Thread ends of sag rods,
draw girts up level with nuts, and install lock nuts.
B.

Connect members temporarily with sufficient bolts to insure safety of structure until
permanent connections are made. Use bolts of same size and type as used for permanent
connections. Remove temporary bolts as permanent connections are made and install
permanent bolts of type specified.

C.

Tension bracing while aligning framing. Clamp horizontal bracing to beams at intersections.
Where shown, join bracing intersections with splice plates.

D. Members that do not fit together during erection because of errors in shop fabrication shall be
reported to Registered Design Professional. Correct minor misfits as part of field erection.
Only light drifting shall be permitted to draw members together. Drifting to match unfair holes
shall not be permitted. Reaming to match unfair holes shall be permitted provided that
quantity of reaming does not exceed 1/16-inch and that reaming to be done does not decrease
critical edge distance beyond amount considered minimum by referenced AISC Specification.
Where necessary to enlarge holes, criteria specified for holes made in shop shall apply to holes
made in field, and proper size bolt shall be used. Where misfitting members cannot be
corrected as specified above, provide new members. Correct misfit members, including
replacement, at no additional cost to Owner and without altering Contract Schedule and
Completion Date.
E.

Do not cut or alter any members in the field without prior written consent from Registered
Design Professional. Use hacksaw to cut members in the field. Do not burn or flame cut
members in the field without prior written consent of Registered Design Professional. If
consent is given, burned members shall be free from serrations and gouges at radius burns and
at re-entrant corners. Occasional serrations not exceeding 1/16 -inch in depth shall be
permitted along straight cuts. Grind burned edges to remove sharp edges and corners. Burning
of holes shall not be permitted.

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F.

Place grout under steel column bases and elsewhere as shown. Mix and place grout per
manufacturers directions. Place grout to fill voids and to make full contact with underside of
bearing surfaces. Place grout as soon as possible and before installation of enclosure systems.

G. Apply protective coating to structural members including base plates and anchor rods that
occur in fill areas below floor slabs where members are not encased in concrete. Clean
surfaces and apply coating per manufacturers recommendations to minimum one-coat dry
film thickness of 5 mils.
3.2

CONNECTIONS
A. Welding
1. Complete field welding per requirements specified for shop welding.
2. Use low hydrogen weld rod for welding to existing steel framing unless steel is shown to
be compatible with proposed weld rod.
B.

High Strength Bolting

1. Install high strength steel bolts per referenced Specification for Structural Joints Using
ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts. Tension each bolt by turn-of-nut tightening method or
alternate design bolt method to a total not less than that stated in referenced
Specifications for Structural Joints using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts for type and size
of bolt used.
2. Install bolt in properly sized hole and place washer under turned element. Tension bolt
assembly as specified until required tension is obtained. Do not loosen and reuse bolt
assembly after it has been tensioned.
3. Before bolting members, clean faying surfaces of defects, coatings, and contaminants that
would prevent solid seating of parts or that would interfere with development of friction
between parts for slip-critical connections.

C.

Common Bolting
1. Where bolts shall be exposed in finished work, install bolts so that nut end shall not be
exposed to view. Draw connections up tight using impact wrenches. Use lock washers for
common bolting.

D. Monorail Beams
1. Install monorail beams plumb, and level to tolerance of 1/8-inch in 50 feet.
2. Weld bottom flanges of abutting monorail beams and grind smooth and flush.
3. Retighten bolts 30 days after initial installation.
3.3

ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING STEEL

A. Provide alterations to existing structural steel, removal of steel, reinstallation of existing
members, and installation of new steel as shown.
B.

Before cutting or removing any steel, brace and support existing structure if appropriate to
temporarily absorb loads which may be imposed by alteration work. Remove steel by saw
cutting and cold chiseling; burning is not permitted without written consent of Registered
Design Professional. Drill and ream new bolt holes if appropriate for new connections.

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C.

Accurately fabricate new steel members to conform to existing conditions and connect as
specified.

D. Existing steel to be removed and not required in alteration work shall become property of
Contractor and shall be removed from site.

3.4

E.

Field measure existing construction if appropriate for proper fabrication of work and accurate
fit of steel members. Dimensions noted on Drawings shall be field verified.

F.

Bolt, or weld if approved by Owner, to existing steel. Use low-hydrogen electrode for
welding.

REPAIR/RESTORATION
A. Degrease, clean and field paint portions of bolts, washers, faying surfaces, adjacent surfaces
that remain exposed after assembly, unpainted splice plates, cover plates, welded areas and
paint surfaces damaged during shipment and erection. Paint with one coat of same type prime
paint used in shop.
B.

After erection of steel, shop coat of paint on exposed framing shall be suitable to receive
General Painters field coats. Where surfaces are damaged during erection or where necessary
for General Painter to scrape off shop coat and repaint same, or to remove clay, mud and other
foreign materials, cost of this work shall be borne by Contractor.

C.

It is the intent that shop coat of paint serve as finish coat for steel members, with no additional
coats being applied to members (except that columns and door frames shall receive an
additional finish coat applied by General Contractor.) After erection, examine shop coat and
touch-up paint damaged and bare areas (including welds and fasteners). If surfaces are not
adequately covered, as determined by Resident Construction Engineer, apply further coats to
achieve complete coverage of surfaces at no additional cost to Owner. Completed surfaces
shall be clean, free of dirt, mud and other foreign matter; if surfaces are soiled, clean and
repaint same as directed.

D. After erection of steel, clean galvanized surfaces to be free from clay, mud, and other foreign
matter. Apply zinc rich touch-up paint per ASTM A 780 to surfaces damaged during shipment
and erection.
3.5

FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. The Contractorr will provide for field inspection of work, at his expense. Requirements shall
be similar to those specified for shop inspection. Besides testing of welds, high strength bolted
connections shall be tested and checked by Testing Agency using calibrated torque wrench per
referenced Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts. If one or
more bolts in any connection are found to be below minimum tension, bolts in that connection
shall be checked. Retorque bolts found to be below minimum tension. Bolts shall be
rechecked for conformance to Specification.

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B.

Framing shall be inspected for plumb of vertical members, level or slope of horizontal
members, alignment and plane of vertical and horizontal members, angle of intersection of
members, defective members, efficiency of common bolt connections, primer coating, touchup painting, and to ascertain that materials are furnished and erected in accordance with
requirements of Contract Documents.
END OF SECTION

Revision History
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