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This document describes two types of differentiator circuits: ideal and practical. An ideal differentiator circuit is obtained by exchanging the resistor and capacitor in an integrator circuit. The output is directly proportional to the differentiation of the input voltage. However, ideal differentiators have limitations at high frequencies due to instability and noise. A practical differentiator addresses these issues using a resistor in series with the input capacitor and a capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor. The gain equation and design process for a practical differentiator are also provided.

Uploaded by

Ashish Tagade
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
314 views

Entc

This document describes two types of differentiator circuits: ideal and practical. An ideal differentiator circuit is obtained by exchanging the resistor and capacitor in an integrator circuit. The output is directly proportional to the differentiation of the input voltage. However, ideal differentiators have limitations at high frequencies due to instability and noise. A practical differentiator addresses these issues using a resistor in series with the input capacitor and a capacitor in parallel with the feedback resistor. The gain equation and design process for a practical differentiator are also provided.

Uploaded by

Ashish Tagade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERTIATOR

A circuit which produced the differentiation of


input at its output is called as differentiator
There are two types of differentiator
Ideal differentiator
Practical differentiator
Ideal differentiator
The active differentiator circuit can be obtained by
exchanging the position of resistor R and capacitor C in the
basic active integrator circuit.
The op-amp differentiator circuit as shown in fig
.

Fig.
Ideal Active Op-amp
differentiator

VA=VB=0
Apply KCL
I1=CI

d
dt

(VIN-VA)

... eq. 1.
V AVo
Rf

I f=

..

eq. 2.
Equating 1 & 2eq.
C

d
1 dt

(Vin-VA)=

VA Vo
Rf

VA=0
C1

d
dt

Vin =

Vo=-RfC1

Vo
Rf

d
dt

Vin
This indicates that output is directly proportional to the C 1Rf
times the differentiation of the input and product C 1Rf is called
as time constant differentiator.

Disadvantages of an Ideal
Differentiator
The gain of differentiator increases as the frequency
increases. Thus at some high frequency the differentiator
may become unstable and break into the oscillation.
There is possibility that of op-amp may go into the
saturation
Also the input impedance decreases as the frequency
increases. This make the circuit very much sensitive to
the noise. Thus when such noise gets amplified due to
high gain at high frequency, noise may completely
override the differentiated output.
Hence the differentiator circuit suffers from the
limitations on its stability and noise problems, at high
frequencies. These problems can be corrected using some
additional parameters in the basic differentiator circuit.
Such a differentiator circuit is called as practical
differentiator circuit.

Practical differentiator
The noise and stability at high frequency can be
corrected, in the practical differentiator circuit using the
resistance R1 in series with C1 and the capacitor Cr in parallel
with resistance Rf .
The circuit is shown in the figure. The resistance R comp
is used for bias compensation.

Equation of gain
|A|=

f
fa
f
1+( )2
fb

Where fa & fb are two break frequencies.

Fa=
Fb=

1
2 RfC 1
1
2 R1C1

Step to design practical differentiator: Select Fa as the highest frequency of input signal & it is
given by

Fa=

1
2 RfC 1

Select value of capacitor C1 below 1F and calculate Rf

Let Fb =10Fa where, Fb=

1
2 R1C1

Finally R1C1=RfCf and Rcomp=R1||Rf


EXAMPLE
Design a practical differentiator circuit that
will differentiate an input signal with the
fmax=100Hz

Given data :
Fa=100Hz
C1=0.1f

Fa=
Rf=

1
2 RfC 1
1
2 1000.1106

Rf=15.91*

103

Rf=15.91KHz

Rf=15.91KHz

Let , Fb =10Fa
=10*100
=1000Hz
F b=

1
2 R1C1

R1=

1
2 FbC 1

R1=

1
2 10000.1106

R1=1.59

103

R1=1.59KHz
R1C1=RfCf

1.59

10

Cf=

0.110

1.59 1030.1106
3
15.9110

Cf=9.9937*

109

Rcomp=R1||Rf
R 1Rf
= R 1+ Rf

1.59 10315.91103
1.59 103 +15.9110 3

Rcomp=1.44*
103

=15.91*
F

10

*Cf

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