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    Why Choose Intrinsic Safety

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    sandystays
    Intrinsic safety is a technique that prevents explosions by ensuring the energy transferred to a hazardous area is below the level needed to ignite an explosion. It works by limiting the voltage, current, and power available. The major advantages of intrinsic safety include universal acceptance, compatibility with all gas types and area classifications, and allowing live maintenance without special certification. It provides the safest solution for instrumentation in hazardous areas, especially where dust is present, by strictly controlling available power even under fault conditions.

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    Why Choose Intrinsic Safety

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    sandystays
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    Intrinsic safety is a technique that prevents explosions by ensuring the energy transferred to a hazardous area is below the level needed to ignite an explosion. It works by limiting the voltage, current, and power available. The major advantages of intrinsic safety include universal acceptance, compatibility with all gas types and area classifications, and allowing live maintenance without special certification. It provides the safest solution for instrumentation in hazardous areas, especially where dust is present, by strictly controlling available power even under fault conditions.

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    Intrinsic safety is a technique that prevents explosions by ensuring the energy transferred to a hazardous area is below the level needed to ignite an explosion. It works by limiting the voltage, current, and power available. The major advantages of intrinsic safety include universal acceptance, compatibility with all gas types and area classifications, and allowing live maintenance without special certification. It provides the safest solution for instrumentation in hazardous areas, especially where dust is present, by strictly controlling available power even under fault conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views4 pages

    Why Choose Intrinsic Safety

    Uploaded by

    sandystays
    Intrinsic safety is a technique that prevents explosions by ensuring the energy transferred to a hazardous area is below the level needed to ignite an explosion. It works by limiting the voltage, current, and power available. The major advantages of intrinsic safety include universal acceptance, compatibility with all gas types and area classifications, and allowing live maintenance without special certification. It provides the safest solution for instrumentation in hazardous areas, especially where dust is present, by strictly controlling available power even under fault conditions.

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    Why choose intrinsic safety ?


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    Intrinsic safety (IS) is a lowenergy signalling technique that prevents explosions from
    occurringbyensuringthattheenergytransferredtoahazardousareaiswellbelowtheenergy
    requiredtoinitiateanexplosion.

    Theenergylevelsmadeavailableforsignallingaresmallbutuseableandmorethan
    adequateforthemajorityofinstrumentationsystems.
    Thetwomechanismsbeingconsideredthatcouldinitiateanexplosionare:
    Aspark
    Ahotsurface

    Theadvantagesofintrinsicsafety
    The major advantage of intrinsic safety is that it provides a solution to all the problems of
    hazardousareas(forequipmentrequiringlimitedpower)andistheonlytechniquewhichmeets
    thiscriterion.Thesignificantfactorsareasfollows:
    a) The IS technique is accepted throughout the There is an increasing acceptance of
    international certificates issued under the IEC Ex scheme but this has some way to go.
    IntrinsicsafetyisanacceptabletechniqueinalllocallegislationsuchastheATEXDirectives
    andOSHA.Therelevantstandardsandcodeofpracticegivedetailedguidanceonthedesign
    and use of intrinsically safe equipment to a level which is not achieved by any of the other

    methodsofprotection.
    b)ThesameISequipmentusuallysatisfiestherequirementsforbothdustandgas
    c)AppropriateintrinsicallysafeapparatuscanbeusedinallInparticular,itistheonlysolution
    that has a satisfactory history of safety for Zone 0 instrumentation. The use of levels of
    protection (ia, ib and ic) ensures that equipment suitable for each level of risk is available
    (normallyiaisusedinZone0,ibinZone1andicinZone2
    d)IntrinsicallysafeapparatusandsystemsareusuallyallocatedagroupIICgasclassification
    whichensuresthattheequipmentiscompatiblewithallgas/airOccasionally,IIBsystems
    are used, as this permits a higher power level to be used. (However, IIB systems are not
    compatiblewithacetylene,hydrogenandcarbondisulfide.)
    e) A temperature classification of T4 (135C) is normally achieved, which satisfies the
    requirementforallindustrialgasesexceptcarbondisulfide(CS)which,fortunately,israrely
    f) Frequently, apparatus, and the system in which it is used, can be made ia IIC T4 at an
    acceptable This removes concerns about area classification, gas grouping and temperature
    classificationinalmostallcircumstancesandbecomestheuniversalsafesolution.
    g)Thesimpleapparatusconceptallowsmanysimplepiecesofapparatus,suchasswitches,
    thermocouples,RTDsandjunctionboxestobeusedinintrinsicallysafesystemswithoutthe
    needforcertificaThisgivesasignificantamountofflexibilityinthechoiceoftheseancillaries.
    h)Theintrinsicsafetytechniqueistheonlytechniquethatpermitslivemaintenancewithinthe
    hazardousareawithouttheneedtoobtaingasclearancecertificaThisisparticularlyimportant
    forinstrumentation,sincefaultfindingondeenergisedequipmentisdifficult.
    i) The installation and maintenance requirements for intrinsically safe apparatus are well
    documented, and consistent regardless of level of This reduces the amount of training
    requiredanddecreasesthepossibilityofdangerousmistakes.
    j)Intrinsicsafetypermitstheuseofconventionalinstrumentationcables,thusreducingCable
    capacitanceandinductanceisoftenperceivedasaproblembut,infact,itisonlyaproblemon
    cables longer than 400 metres, in systems installed in Zones 0 and 1, where IIC gases
    (hydrogen) are the source of risk. This is comparatively rare and, in most circumstances,
    cableparametersarenotaproblem.
    Availablepower
    Intrinsic safety is fundamentally a low energy technique and consequently the voltage,
    currentandpoweravailableisrestricted.Figure1.0isasimplifiedillustrationoftheavailable
    powerinintrinsicallysafecircuitsandattemptstodemonstratethetypeofelectricalinstallation
    inwhichtheintrinsicallysafetechniqueisapplicable.
    The blue and green curves are the accepted design curves used to avoid spark ignition by
    resistivelimitedcircuitsinGroupIICandIIBgases.Theiccurvesarelesssensitivebecause
    theydonotrequiretheapplicationofasafetyfactorinthesamewayasfor
    iaandibequipment.Ingeneralthemaximumvoltageavailableissetbycablecapacitance
    (400metrescorrespondsto80nFwhichhasapermissiblevoltageof29VinIICiacircuits)

    and the maximum current


    by cable inductance (400
    metres corresponds to
    400H which has a
    permissiblecurrentof300
    mA in IIC ia circuits). A
    frequently used limitation
    on power is the 1.3W,
    whicheasilypermitsaT4
    (135C) temperature
    classification.Theselimits
    areallshowninFigure1.0
    Asimpleapproachistosay
    thatiftheapparatuscanbe
    operated from a source of
    power
    whose
    output
    parameters are within the
    (blue) hatched area then it
    can readily be made
    intrinsically safe to IIC ia
    T4 standards. If the
    Fig1.0AvailablePowerCurves
    parameters exceed these
    limits to a limited degree
    thenitcanprobablybemadeintrinsicallysafetoIIBoricrequirements.

    The first choice, however, is always to choose IIC ia T4 equipment, if it provides adequate
    powerandisaneconomicchoice,asthisequipmentcanbeusedinallcircumstances(except
    ifcarbondisulfide(CS)isthehazardousgas,inwhichcasethereareotherproblems).
    Inpracticealmostalllowvoltageinstrumentationcanbemade
    IIBicT4asthelimitsaresetbytheleastsensitiveoftheignitioncurvesinFigure1.0
    (typically24V500mA).TheIIBicspecificationdoesrestrictapplicationtoZone2andwhere
    the hazardous gas is not hydrogen, acetylene or carbon disulfide but is still applicable to a
    largerangeofinstallations.
    Conclusion
    Intrinsic safety is the natural choice for all low voltage instrumentation problems.
    Adequate solutions exist which are compatible with all gases and area classifications. The
    techniquepreventsexplosionsratherthanretainsthemwhichmustbepreferable,andthe
    livemaintenancefacilityenablesconventionalinstrumentpracticetobeused.
    Whyuseintrinsicsafety?
    The principal reason for using intrinsic safety is because it is essentially a low power
    technique. Consequently, the risk of ignition is minimised, and adequate safety can be
    achievedwithalevelofconfidencethatisnotalwaysachievedbyothertechniques.
    Itisdifficulttoassessthetemperaturerise,whichcanoccurifequipmentisimmersedinadust

    because of the many (frequently unpredictable) factors, which determine the temperature
    risewithinthedustlayer.Thesafesttechniqueisthereforetorestricttheavailablepowertothe
    lowestpracticallevel.Amajorfactorinfavourofintrinsicsafetyisthatthepowerlevelunder
    faultconditionsiscontrolledbythesystemdesignanddoesnotrelyonthelesswellspecified
    limitationoffaultpower.
    Intrinsic safety also has the advantage that the possibility of ignition from immersed or
    damaged wiring is minimised. It is desirable to be able to do live maintenance on an
    instrument system, and the use of the intrinsically safe technique permits this without the
    necessityofspecialdustfreecertificates.Thereisaneedtoclearlayersofdustcarefullyand
    toavoidcontaminationoftheinteriorofapparatusduringmaintenancebutthisisapparentto
    anytrainedtechnician.(Thereisnosignificantpossibilityofaperson,inadustcloudthatcan
    be ignited, surviving without breathing apparatus). To summarise, intrinsic safety is the
    preferredtechniqueforinstrumentationwheredustisthehazardbecause:
    the inherent safety of intrinsic safety gives the greatest assurance of safety and removes concern
    overoverheatingofequipmentandcables
    theinstallationrulesareclearlyspecifiedandthesystemdesignensuresthatallsafetyaspectsare
    covered
    livemaintenanceispermitted
    equipmentisavailabletosolvethemajorityofproblems

    AlsoRead:DifferencebetweenDCS&PLCSystems

    Ex&ATEXCertification
    ATEX,IEC,CE&NECCertificationExTest&Verificationatyoursite

    POSTED BY S BHARADWAJ REDDY

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