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    Abdul Hamid Bhatti
    The document provides information on the design of concrete beams according to ACI code. It discusses the ultimate strength design method and classifications of beams. It also outlines the key assumptions in design and calculation of design parameters such as moment factors, balanced reinforcement ratio, and strength reduction factor. Finally, it describes the design procedures for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams, and T-beams.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Specific Steps

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Hamid Bhatti
    84 views26 pages
    The document provides information on the design of concrete beams according to ACI code. It discusses the ultimate strength design method and classifications of beams. It also outlines the key assumptions in design and calculation of design parameters such as moment factors, balanced reinforcement ratio, and strength reduction factor. Finally, it describes the design procedures for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams, and T-beams.

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    The document provides information on the design of concrete beams according to ACI code. It discusses the ultimate strength design method and classifications of beams. It also outlines the key assumptions in design and calculation of design parameters such as moment factors, balanced reinforcement ratio, and strength reduction factor. Finally, it describes the design procedures for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams, and T-beams.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    84 views26 pages

    Specific Steps

    Uploaded by

    Abdul Hamid Bhatti
    The document provides information on the design of concrete beams according to ACI code. It discusses the ultimate strength design method and classifications of beams. It also outlines the key assumptions in design and calculation of design parameters such as moment factors, balanced reinforcement ratio, and strength reduction factor. Finally, it describes the design procedures for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams, and T-beams.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 26

    DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

    CE-2105
    DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE-I
    DESIGN OF BEAM
    (AS PER ACI CODE)
    Course TeacherPresented ByDr. Md. Rezaul Karim Md. Jahidur Rahman
    Associate Professor
    S.ID- 121041

    Dhaka University of Engineering &


    Technology, Gazipur-1700

    Content
    USD(Ultimate Strength Design)
    Classification of beam with respect to design system
    Assumptions
    Evolution of design parameters

    Moment Factors Kn,


    Balanced Reinforcement Ratio b
    Calculating Strength Reduction Factor

    Calculating

    Design procedure for Singly Reinforced Beam


    Design procedure for Doubly Reinforced Beam
    Design procedure for T-Beam
    Appendix

    Jahidur Rahman

    Ultimate Strength Design(USD)


    Assuming tensile failure condition
    Additional strength of steel after yielding
    ACI code emphasizes this method

    Jahidur Rahman

    Classification of beam with respect to design system

    Rectangular beam (reinforced at tension zone only)


    Doubly reinforced beam (reinforced at both tension and

    compression zone)
    T section beam (both beam and slab are designed
    together)

    ASSUMPTIONS
    Plane sections before bending remain plane and

    perpendicular to the N.A. after bending


    Strain distribution is linear both in concrete & steel and is
    directly proportional to the distance from N.A.
    Strain in the steel & surrounding concrete is the same prior to
    cracking of concrete or yielding of steel
    Concrete in the tension zone is neglected in the flexural
    analysis & design computation
    b

    c=0.003
    c
    h

    0.85fc
    a

    a/2
    C

    d
    d-a/2

    s = fy / Es
    5

    Jahidur Rahman

    Concrete stress of 0.85fc is uniformly distributed over an


    equivalent compressive zone.
    fc = Specified compressive strength of concrete in psi.
    Maximum allowable strain of 0.003 is adopted as safe limiting
    value in concrete.
    The tensile strain for the balanced section is fy/Es
    Moment redistribution is limited to tensile strain of at least
    0.0075
    fs

    Actual

    fy

    Idealized
    Es
    1

    Jahidur Rahman

    EVALUATION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS

    Total compressive force - C = 0.85fc ba

    Total Tensile force-

    (Refer stress diagram)

    T = As fy
    C=T
    0.85fc ba = As fy
    a = As fy / (0.85fc b)
    = d fy / (0.85 fc) [ = As / bd]
    Moment of Resistance/Nominal MomentMn = 0.85fc ba (d a/2)
    or,
    Mn = As fy (d a/2)
    = bd fy [ d (dfyb / 1.7fc) ]
    = fc [ 1 0.59 ] bd2
    = fy / fc
    Mn = Kn bd2 Kn = fc [ 1 0.59 ]
    Ultimate Moment- Mu = Mn
    = Kn bd2

    Jahidur Rahman

    ( = Strength Reduction Factor)

    Balaced Reinforcement Ratio ( b)


    From strain diagram, similar triangles
    cb / d = 0.003 / (0.003 + fy / Es); Es = 29x106 psi
    cb / d = 87,000 / (87,000+fy)

    Relationship b / n the depth `a of the equivalent rectangular stress block


    & depth `c of the N.A. is
    a = 1c
    1= 0.85

    ; fc 4000 psi

    1= 0.85 - 0.05(fc 4000) / 1000

    ; 4000 < fc 8000

    1= 0.65

    ; fc> 8000 psi

    b = Asb / bd
    = 0.85fc ab / (fy. d)
    = 1 ( 0.85 fc / fy) [ 87,000 / (87,000+fy)]
    8

    Jahidur Rahman

    For beams the ACI code limits the max. amount of steel to 75% of
    that required for balanced section.

    0.75 b

    Min. reinforcement is greater of the following:


    Asmin = 3fc x bwd / fy
    or
    200 bwd / fy
    min = 3fc / fy
    or
    200 / fy

    For statically determinate member, when the flange is in tension,


    the bw is replaced with 2bw or bf whichever is smaller

    The above min steel requirement need not be applied, if at every


    section, Ast provided is at least 1/3 greater than the analysis

    Jahidur Rahman

    Calculating

    Yes

    No

    No

    Yes

    Calculating

    SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM


    Beam is reinforced near the tensile
    Reinforcement resists the tension.
    Concrete resists the compression.

    12

    Jahidur Rahman

    face

    DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR


    SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM
    1. Determine the
    service loads

    2. Assume `h` as per


    the support conditions
    [As per ACI code in
    table 9.5(a)]

    6. Primary elastic analysis


    and derive B.M (M), Shear
    force (V) values
    7. Compute min and b
    13

    3. Calculate d= h Effective cover

    4. Assume the value of `b` by the


    rule of thumb
    5. Estimate self weight

    8.Choose between min and b

    9. Calculate , Kn

    10. From Kn & M


    calculate `d required

    OK

    11. Check the required `d with


    assumed `d
    12. With the final values of , b, d
    determine the Total As required

    Note Below:

    14

    Design the steel reinforcement arrangement with appropriate cover and


    spacing stipulated in code. Bar size and corresponding no. of bars based on
    the bar size #n.
    Check crack width as per codal provisions.

    Jahidur Rahman

    DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR


    SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM BY FLOWCHART
    Maximum steel ratio

    Actual steel ratio

    Over
    reinforced
    beam

    Yes

    Ultimate moment
    15

    No

    Under
    reinforced
    beam

    DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM


    Beam

    is fixed for Architectural purposes.


    Reinforcement are provided both in tension and
    compression zone.
    Concrete has limitation to resist the total compression
    so extra reinforcement is required.

    16

    Jahidur Rahman

    DESIGN
    PROCEDURE
    FOR
    DOUBLY
    REINFORCED
    BEAM
    Concrete
    section, Area
    of steel are
    known

    Compression bar
    does not reach in
    yielding

    Maximum steel ratio

    Actual steel ratio

    rectangular
    beam

    No

    Yes

    No

    Yes

    Doubly
    reinforced
    beam

    Compression and
    tension bar reach in
    yielding

    DESIGN
    PROCEDURE
    FOR
    DOUBLY
    REINFORCED
    BEAM

    Reinforcement
    required in comp.
    zone too

    Load or
    ultimate
    moment is
    given

    Doubly
    reinforced
    beam

    Maximum steel ratio

    Yes

    No

    rectangular
    beam

    T- REINFORCED BEAM
    A part of slab acts as the upper part of
    Resulting cross section is T shaped.
    The

    beam.

    slab portion of the beam is flange.


    The beam projecting bellow is web or stem.

    19

    Jahidur Rahman

    DESIGN
    PROCEDURE
    FOR
    T-REINFORCED
    BEAM

    calculation

    Yes
    Are of concrete
    section, Area of
    steel are known

    No

    T - beam
    analysis

    Rectangular
    beam analysis

    modification
    Nominal moment

    Additional moment

    Total moment

    DESIGN
    PROCEDURE
    FOR
    TREINFORCED
    BEAM
    T - beam
    analysis

    Moment or loading is
    given

    calculation

    T section:
    L section:

    No

    Area of steel in flange

    Yes

    Rectangular
    beam analysis

    Isolated beam:

    Nominal moment

    Additional moment

    Check for
    Total area of steel

    Area of steel in web

    APPENDIX

    22

    Jahidur Rahman

    AS PER TABLE 9.5 (a)


    Simply
    One End
    Both End
    Cantilever
    Supported Continuous Continuous
    L / 16

    L / 18.5

    L / 21

    L/8

    Values given shall be used directly for members with normal


    weight concrete (Wc = 145 lb/ft3) and Grade 60 reinforcement

    23

    For structural light weight concrete having unit wt. In range


    90-120 lb/ft3 the values shall be multiplied by
    (1.65 0.005Wc) but not less than 1.09

    For fy other than 60,000 psi the values shall be multiplied by


    (0.4 + fy/100,000)

    `h` should be rounded to the nearest whole number

    Jahidur Rahman

    CLEAR COVER

    Not less than 1.5 in. when there is no exposure to weather or


    contact with the ground
    For exposure to aggressive weather 2 in.
    Clear distance between parallel bars in a layer must not be
    less than the bar diameter or 1 in.

    RULE OF THUMB
    d/b = 1.5 to 2.0 for beam spans of 15 to 25 ft.
    d/b = 3.0 to 4.0 for beam spans > 25 ft.
    `b` is taken as an even number
    Larger the d/b, the more efficient is the section due to less
    deflection

    24

    Jahidur Rahman

    BAR SIZE
    #n = n/8 in. diameter for n 8.
    Ex. #1 = 1/8 in.
    .
    #8 = 8/8 i.e., I in.

    Weight, Area and Perimeter of individual bars

    25

    Bar
    No

    Wt.per
    Foot (lb)

    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    14
    18

    0.376
    0.668
    1.043
    1.502
    2.044
    2.670
    3.400
    4.303
    5.313
    7.650
    13.600

    Jahidur Rahman

    Stamdard Nominal Dimensions


    C/S Area, Perimeter
    Diameter db
    (in.)
    Ab (in2)
    inch
    mm
    0.375
    9
    0.11
    1.178
    0.500
    13
    0.20
    1.571
    0.625
    16
    0.31
    1.963
    0.750
    19
    0.44
    2.356
    0.875
    22
    0.60
    2.749
    1.000
    25
    0.79
    3.142
    1.128
    28
    1.00
    3.544
    1.270
    31
    1.27
    3.990
    1.410
    33
    1.56
    4.430
    1.693
    43
    2.25
    5.319
    2.257
    56
    4.00
    7.091

    26

    Jahidur Rahman

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